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Yook S, Choi SJ, Zang C, Joo EY, Kim H. Are there effects of light exposure on daytime sleep for rotating shift nurses after night shift?: an EEG power analysis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1306070. [PMID: 38601092 PMCID: PMC11004303 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1306070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Night-shift workers often face various health issues stemming from circadian rhythm shift and the consequent poor sleep quality. We aimed to study nurses working night shifts, evaluate the electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern of daytime sleep, and explore possible pattern changes due to ambient light exposure (30 lux) compared to dim conditions (<5 lux) during daytime sleep. Moethods The study involved 31 participants who worked night shifts and 24 healthy adults who had never worked night shifts. The sleep macro and microstructures were analyzed, and electrophysiological activity was compared (1) between nighttime sleep and daytime sleep with dim light and (2) between daytime sleep with dim and 30 lux light conditions. Results The daytime sleep group showed lower slow or delta wave power during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep than the nighttime sleep group. During daytime sleep, lower sigma wave power in N2 sleep was observed under light exposure compared to no light exposure. Moreover, during daytime sleep, lower slow wave power in N3 sleep in the last cycle was observed under light exposure compared to no light exposure. Discussion Our study demonstrated that night shift work and subsequent circadian misalignment strongly affect sleep quality and decrease slow and delta wave activities in NREM sleep. We also observed that light exposure during daytime sleep could additionally decrease N2 sleep spindle activity and N3 waves in the last sleep cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonhyun Yook
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Su Jung Choi
- Graduate School of Clinical Nursing Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cong Zang
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eun Yeon Joo
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Kim
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Personalized sleep-wake patterns aligned with circadian rhythm relieve daytime sleepiness. iScience 2021; 24:103129. [PMID: 34622173 PMCID: PMC8479255 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Shift workers and many other groups experience irregular sleep-wake patterns. This can induce excessive daytime sleepiness that decreases productivity and elevates the risk of accidents. However, the degree of daytime sleepiness is not correlated with standard sleep parameters like total sleep time, suggesting other factors are involved. Here, we analyze real-world sleep-wake patterns of shift workers measured with wearables by developing a computational package that simulates homeostatic sleep pressure – physiological need for sleep – and the circadian rhythm. This reveals that shift workers who align sleep-wake patterns with their circadian rhythm have lower daytime sleepiness, even if they sleep less. The alignment, quantified by the sleep parameter, circadian sleep sufficiency, can be increased by dynamically adjusting daily sleep durations according to varying bedtimes. Our computational package provides flexible and personalized real-time sleep-wake patterns for individuals to reduce their daytime sleepiness and could be used with wearables to develop smart alarms. Sleep-wake patterns measured by wearables are analyzed with a mathematical model A new sleep parameter CSS measures the circadian alignment of sleep-wake patterns Sleep-wake patterns more aligned with circadian rhythm decrease daytime sleepiness Our computational package calculates the CSS to provide personalized sleep schedules
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Baek J, Choi-Kwon S. [Secondary Data Analysis on the Factors Influencing Premenstrual Symptoms of Shift Work Nurses: Focused on the Sleep and Occupational Stress]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2021; 50:631-640. [PMID: 32895348 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.19230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine premenstrual symptoms (PMS) of shift nurses and identify the association between PMS, sleep, and occupational stress. METHODS This study was conducted with a secondary data analysis that used data from the Shift Work Nurse's Health and Turnover study. The participants were 258 nurses who were working in shifts including night shifts. PMS, sleep patterns (sleep time and sleep time variability), sleep quality, and the occupational stress of each participant were measured using the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, a sleep diary, an actigraph, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and STATA 15.1 to obtain descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) and Baron and Kenny's mediating analysis. RESULTS The average PMS score, average sleep time, average sleep time variability, average sleep quality score, and average occupational stress score of the participants was 53.95 ± 40.45, 7.52 ± 0.89 hours, 32.84 ± 8.43%, 12.34 ± 5.95, and 49.89 ± 8.98, respectively. A multiple linear regression analysis with GEE indicated that sleep time variability (B = 0.86, p = .001), and sleep quality (B = 2.36, p < .001) had negative effects on nurses' PMS. We also found that sleep quality had a complete mediating effect in the relationship between occupational stress and PMS. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that both sleep time variability and sleep quality are important factors associated with PMS among shift work nurses. To improve shift nurses' PMS status, strategies are urgently needed to decrease sleep time variability and increase sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Baek
- College of Nursing · Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Smi Choi-Kwon
- College of Nursing · Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Khan WAA, Jackson ML, Kennedy GA, Conduit R. A field investigation of the relationship between rotating shifts, sleep, mental health and physical activity of Australian paramedics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:866. [PMID: 33441601 PMCID: PMC7806923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramedics working on a rotating shift are at an increased risk of developing chronic health issues due to continuous circadian rhythm disruption. The acute effects of shift rotation and objectively measured sleep have rarely been reported in paramedics. This study investigated the relationships between a rotating shift schedule and sleep (using actigraphy), subjective reports of sleepiness, mood, stress and fatigue. Galvanic Skin Response, energy expenditure and physical activity (BodyMedia SenseWear Armband) were also recorded across the shift schedule. Paramedics were monitored for a period of eight consecutive days across pre-shift, day shift, night shift, and 2 days off. Fifteen paramedics (M age = 39.5 and SD = 10.7 years) who worked rotational shifts experienced sleep restriction during night shift compared to pre-shift, day shift and days off (p < 0.001). Night shift was also associated with higher levels of stress (p < 0.05), fatigue (p < 0.05), and sleepiness (p < 0.05). One day off was related to a return to pre-shift functioning. Such shift-related issues have a compounding negative impact on an already stressful occupation with high rates of physical and mental health issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate methods to reduce rotating shift burden on the health of paramedics. This could be through further research aimed at providing recommendations for shift work schedules with sufficient periods for sleep and recovery from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahaj Anwar A Khan
- Occupational Health Department, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Psychology Discipline, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Melinda L Jackson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
- Psychology Discipline, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Russell Conduit
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.
- Psychology Discipline, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
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Chang W, Peng Y. Meta-analysis of differences in sleep quality based on actigraphs between day and night shift workers and the moderating effect of age. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12262. [PMID: 34392580 PMCID: PMC8364763 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was to conduct a meta-analysis of studies that used actigraphs to compare the influence of day and night shifts on the sleep quality of workers as well as examine the moderating effect of age. METHODS Databases including PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EBSCOhost were searched for relevant studies published in English between January 1st, 2000 and April 30st, 2021. Our main targets were studies that used actigraphs to assess the sleep quality of night shift workers. This meta-analysis included 12 papers and was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Version 3.0. Effect sizes were displayed in a forest plot using standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Among the sleep quality indices of the day and night shift workers, no significant difference existed in terms of sleep efficiency (SE) (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI: -0.03-0.57), whereas night shift workers presented longer sleep-onset latency (SOL) (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.15-1.08), greater wake after sleep onset (WASO) (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.12-0.70), and longer total sleep time (TST) (SMD = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.32-1.39) than did day shift workers. The differences between the day and night shift workers in SOL, WASO, and TST did not vary with age. CONCLUSIONS Among the sleep quality indices, night shift workers presented longer SOL and greater WASO than did day shift workers. However, night shift workers could regulate their rest time and had adequate TST; thus, their SE was not different from that of day shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Pei Chang
- School of Nursing, College of NursingTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of NursingTaipei Medical University‐Shuang Ho HospitalMinistry of Health and WelfareNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Xuan Peng
- Nurse in the Department of NursingTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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Lee SY, Song P, Choi SJ, Suh S, Kwon SO, Joo EY. The impact of the shift system on health and quality of life of sleep technicians. Sleep Med 2020; 76:72-79. [PMID: 33120131 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep technicians are at high risk of shift work sleep disorders. We therefore aimed to identify the optimal shift system for sleep technicians. METHODS We performed a nationwide survey of the work schedules, health and quality of life of sleep technicians using e-mail questionnaires including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleep Scale (ESS), Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire-10 (FOSQ-10), Short Form-12 Health Survey (SF-12), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in Korea. A multivariate general linear model was used to assess the effect of shift schedules on health and quality of life. RESULTS Fifty-four technicians from 30 sleep laboratories participated. Their work schedules were classified as fixed night (F) (n = 18), slow rotation alternating from a night-only to a day-only schedule with a 3-months to one-year interval (S) (n = 20), rapid rotation within a week (R) (n = 5), night once a week (D+) (n = 5) and day (D) (n = 6). The adjusted ISI and HADS-anxiety scores were higher in F, S, and R than D and D+. Among night shift-dominant schedules, a less favorable profile was observed for R followed by F, and S regarding the ISI, FOSQ-10, mental SF-12 and HADS-depression. The physical SF-12 was lower in the order of R, S and F. The HADS-anxiety score was higher in the order of F, R and S. CONCLUSIONS The S system appears to have the least negative effect on health and quality of life among night shift-dominant systems. The development of consensus guidelines for scheduling shifts in sleep laboratories is urged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pamela Song
- Department of Neurology, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Ilsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Choi
- Department of Nursing, Samsung Medical Center, Department of Clinical Nursing Science, Graduate School of Clinical Nursing Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Suh
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeon Joo
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Baek J, Han K, Choi-Kwon S. Sleep diary- and actigraphy-derived sleep parameters of 8-hour fast-rotating shift work nurses: A prospective descriptive study. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 112:103719. [PMID: 32807562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the harmful effects of night shifts and rotating schedules on nurses' sleep and work performance, shift nurses' sleep patterns have been a research concern. Actigraphy involves acquisition of data using a movement sensor worn continuously on the nondominant wrist, typically for a week or more. Although actigraphy provides objective and accurate sleep data, sleep diaries have been a practical alternative. However, there is a lack of research on the agreement and consistency between the two methods of measuring sleep for shift work nurses. In addition, differences in sleep patterns by shift types among 8-hour fast-rotating shift work nurses has not yet been examined. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the agreement between the sleep diary and actigraphy methods for sleep assessment, and to compare sleep parameters of 8-hour fast-rotating shift work nurses according to shift type. DESIGN Descriptive and prospective study design. SETTINGS Two tertiary hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. PARTICIPANTS A total of 94 shift work nurses who wore actigraphy along with completing a sleep diary. METHODS Subjective and objective sleep parameters were recorded during a two-week period in a sleep diary and actigraphy, respectively. Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to analyze the agreement between the two methods. Sleep parameters according to shift type were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Good agreement was observed between the sleep diary and the actigraphy data for total sleep time (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.765 or 0.858) and variability in sleep time (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.838). When compared to the actigraphy data, diary-derived data were overestimated by 41-45 min for total sleep time and 0.4% for variability in sleep time. There was a difference of 2-3 h of sleep quantity by shift type: 5.3-5.8 h for day shifts and 7.1-8.4 h for night shifts. CONCLUSIONS A sleep diary can function as an acceptable alternative to actigraphy for measuring shift work nurses' sleep patterns, specifically total sleep time and variability in sleep time. Given the high variability in sleep among shift work nurses, both personal and organizational efforts are required. Nurses should monitor their sleep quantity and develop their own regular sleep schedules to fit their work schedules. Hospitals should establish healthy schedules for nurses to guarantee sufficient sleep hours before work. Future research on shift work nurses' sleep should examine fluctuations in sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Baek
- The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kihye Han
- Chung-Ang University College of Nursing, 84 Heukseok-ro, Bldg 102 Rm 712, Dongjak-gu 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Smi Choi-Kwon
- The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chang WP. Influence of shift type on sleep quality of female nurses working monthly rotating shifts with cortisol awakening response as mediating variable. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1503-1512. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1493491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pei Chang
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kim TJ, Lee BU, Sunwoo JS, Byun JI, Moon J, Lee ST, Jung KH, Chu K, Kim M, Lim JM, Lee E, Lee SK, Jung KY. The effect of dim light at night on cerebral hemodynamic oscillations during sleep: A near-infrared spectroscopy study. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1325-1338. [PMID: 29064336 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1363225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that dim light at night (dLAN) is associated with risks of cardiovascular complications, such as hypertension and carotid atherosclerosis; however, little is known about the underlying mechanism. Here, we evaluated the effect of dLAN on the cerebrovascular system by analyzing cerebral hemodynamic oscillations using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Fourteen healthy male subjects underwent polysomnography coupled with cerebral NIRS. The data collected during sleep with dim light (10 lux) were compared with those collected during sleep under the control dark conditions for the sleep structure, cerebral hemodynamic oscillations, heart rate variability (HRV), and their electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectrum. Power spectral analysis was applied to oxy-hemoglobin concentrations calculated from the NIRS signal. Spectral densities over endothelial very-low-frequency oscillations (VLFOs) (0.003-0.02 Hz), neurogenic VLFOs (0.02-0.04 Hz), myogenic low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) (0.04-0.15 Hz), and total LFOs (0.003-0.15 Hz) were obtained for each sleep stage. The polysomnographic data revealed an increase in the N2 stage under the dLAN conditions. The spectral analysis of cerebral hemodynamics showed that the total LFOs increased significantly during slow-wave sleep (SWS) and decreased during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Specifically, endothelial (median of normalized value, 0.46 vs. 0.72, p = 0.019) and neurogenic (median, 0.58 vs. 0.84, p = 0.019) VLFOs were enhanced during SWS, whereas endothelial VLFOs (median, 1.93 vs. 1.47, p = 0.030) were attenuated during REM sleep. HRV analysis exhibited altered spectral densities during SWS induced by dLAN, including an increase in very-low-frequency and decreases in low-frequency and high-frequency ranges. In the EEG power spectral analysis, no significant difference was detected between the control and dLAN conditions. In conclusion, dLAN can disturb cerebral hemodynamics via the endothelial and autonomic systems without cortical involvement, predominantly during SWS, which might represent an underlying mechanism of the increased cerebrovascular risk associated with light exposure during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Joon Kim
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Byeong Uk Lee
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Sunwoo
- b Department of Neurology , Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jung-Ick Byun
- c Department of Neurology , Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jangsup Moon
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Manho Kim
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea.,d Neuroscience and Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lim
- e Department of Lighting Environment Research , Korea Institute of Lighting Technology , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Eunil Lee
- f Department of Preventive Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
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