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Depta F, Pažitný M, Trebišovský M, Maďarová T, Deptová J. Infective endocarditis caused by Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus: a case report and review of literature. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2023; 7:ytad566. [PMID: 38034940 PMCID: PMC10686528 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytad566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Paenibacillus constitutes a genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that act as potentially opportunistic pathogens. With only a few documented case studies to date, Paenibacillus species are rarely the cause of a disease in humans. Case summary We report a case involving a 64-year-old male with known mild mitral regurgitation, who presented with fever and dyspnoea. Initially treated with empirical antibiotics, his blood cultures cultivated Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus, a previously unreported cause of endocarditis. Transoesophageal echocardiography demonstrated vegetations on the both leaflets of mitral valve along with severe mitral regurgitation, thus confirming a diagnosis of endocarditis. The patient was referred for cardiac surgery; however, the procedure was delayed due to complications related to a known hepatic cyst and additionally contraction of COVID-19 infection. The patient subsequently underwent mitral valve replacement without complications. Discussion Because of its rarity, guidelines to recommend specific antibiotics to treat Paenibacillus infective endocarditis are absent. To confirm the pathogen, molecular methods such as mass spectrometry or 16S rRNA sequencing are required. Early targeted antibiotic therapy and cardiac surgery are warranted to achieve good clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Depta
- Department of Critical Care, East Slovak Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Ondavská 8, Košice 040 11, Slovakia
- Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, Košice 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Martin Pažitný
- Department of Critical Care, East Slovak Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Ondavská 8, Košice 040 11, Slovakia
- Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, Košice 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Michal Trebišovský
- Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, Košice 040 11, Slovakia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, East Slovak Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Maďarová
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, East Slovak Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Košice, Slovakia
- St.Elizabeth College of Health and Social Work, Námestia 1. mája 1, Bratislava 811 06, Slovakia
| | - Jana Deptová
- Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, Košice 040 11, Slovakia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Košice, Slovakia
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Smith D, Bastug K, Burgoine K, Broach JR, Hehnly C, Morton SU, Osman M, Schiff SJ, Ericson JE. Human Paenibacillus Infections: A Systematic Review with Comparison of Adult and Infant Cases. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.19.23295794. [PMID: 37790370 PMCID: PMC10543034 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.23295794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal infections due to Paenibacillus species have increasingly been reported over the last few years. We performed a structured literature review of human Paenibacillus infections in infants and adults to compare the epidemiology of infections between these distinct patient populations. Thirty-nine reports describing 176 infections met our inclusion criteria and were included. There were 37 Paenibacillus infections occurring in adults caused by 23 species. The clinical presentations of infections were quite variable. In contrast, infections in infants were caused by only 3 species: P. thiaminolyticus (112/139, 80%), P. alvei (2/139, 1%) and P. dendritiformis (2/139, 1%). All of the infants with Paenibacillus infection presented with a sepsis syndrome or meningitis, often complicated by extensive cerebral destruction and hydrocephalus. Outcomes were commonly poor with 17% (24/139) mortality. Cystic encephalomalacia due to brain destruction was common in both Ugandan and American cases and 92/139 (66%) required surgical management of hydrocephalus following their infection. Paenibacillus infections are likely underappreciated in infants and effective treatments are urgently needed.
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Vecchia ID, Fasan D, Pegoraro M, Benedetti P. Febrile sepsis: first report of human disease due to Paenibacillus silvae. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000580.v3. [PMID: 37424539 PMCID: PMC10323802 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000580.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Paenibacillus species are saprophytes widely distributed in nature and rarely associated with overt human infection. Most cases have been described in people with important comorbidities and/or immunodepression. We report here what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first documented case of human disease due to Paenibacillus silvae , so far considered an exclusively environmental micro-organism. Case presentation A 57-year-old female patient was referred to our Unit after a 2 month history of remittent fever. Upon admission, a septic state and bacteraemia were revealed; P. sylvae was identified by 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight MS. The patient became afebrile after 9 days of antibiotic treatment and was completely cured after a 2 week regimen with intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate plus oral doxycycline. Conclusion The patient did not report any previous episode of infection. Most of the well-known risk factors to Paenibacillus bacteraemia, i.e. invasive procedures, use of intravenous drugs and foreign bodies, could be excluded, although her immune system was probably impaired due to obesity and heavy smoking. We suggest that the isolation of bacteria belonging to the genus Paenibacillus should not be disregarded, since there is accumulating evidence that these organisms may cause disease even in immunocompetent subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Fasan
- Unità Operativa di Malattie Infettive, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Manuela Pegoraro
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Benedetti
- Unità Operativa di Malattie Infettive, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
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de Salazar A, Ferrer F, Vinuesa D, Chueca N, de Luis-Perez C, García F. Unusual case report of skin infection by Paenibacillus timonensis. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2020; 33:139-140. [PMID: 32149488 PMCID: PMC7111240 DOI: 10.37201/req/079.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A de Salazar
- Adolfo de Salazar, Microbiology Clinic Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio. Instituto de Investigación Ibs. Granada, Spain.
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Al-Bayssari C, Dubourg G, Cimmino T, Okdah L, Mathlouthi N, Nguyen TT, Andrieu C, Rathored J, Fournier PE, Raoult D, Rolain JM. Genome sequence and description of Paenibacillus ihuae strain GD6 sp. nov., isolated from the stool of a 62-year-old Frenchman. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 23:77-82. [PMID: 29692909 PMCID: PMC5913357 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus ihuae strain GD6 (=CSUR P892 = DSMZ 45751T) is the new type strain collected from the stool of a 69-year-old Frenchman admitted to an intensive care unit and receiving a 10-day course of imipenem at the time of stool collection. This is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. We describe here the features of this organism, together with its complete genome sequence and annotation. The genome size is 6 719 043 bp with 49.6% G+C content and contains 6211 protein-coding and 65 sRNA genes, including four 5S rRNA genes, one 16S rRNA gene and one 23S rRNA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Al-Bayssari
- Aix-Marseille Université IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - G Dubourg
- Aix-Marseille Université IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - T Cimmino
- Aix-Marseille Université IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - L Okdah
- Aix-Marseille Université IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - N Mathlouthi
- Aix-Marseille Université IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - T T Nguyen
- Aix-Marseille Université IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - C Andrieu
- Aix-Marseille Université IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - J Rathored
- Aix-Marseille Université IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - P-E Fournier
- Aix-Marseille Université IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - D Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - J-M Rolain
- Aix-Marseille Université IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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