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Stone AB, Grzywacz BJ, Courville EL, Linden MA. Indolent B-Lineage Precursor Populations Identified by Flow Cytometry and Immunohistochemistry in Benign Lymph Nodes. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 157:202-211. [PMID: 34528663 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this retrospective study, we report a series of benign lymph nodes showing small populations of normal B-cell precursors characterized by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. METHODS Ten cases identified during clinical flow cytometry practice were retrospectively reanalyzed with particular attention to hematogone categorization and enumeration. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on five excisional lymph node biopsy specimens to characterize the morphologic correlate. RESULTS Populations of hematogones ranging from 0.13% to 1.86% (median, 0.51%) of all viable leukocytes were demonstrated in 10 benign lymph node samples from eight different patients ranging in age from 17 to 45 years (median, 37.5). These hematogones showed a characteristic immunophenotype (CD19+/CD10+) and maturational pattern by flow cytometry, with progression from stage 1 (median, 0.03%) to stage 2 (median, 0.19%) to stage 3 (median, 0.26%) seen in all cases. Immunohistochemical staining on five excisional biopsy specimens demonstrated a distinct perisinusoidal distribution of CD10+/CD20+ cells with a subset of TdT+ cells, providing a morphologic correlate. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize distinct hematogone populations within benign lymph nodes by both flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Recognizing these normal B-cell precursor populations is important to avoid their miscategorization as a CD10+ B-cell neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Stone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bartosz J Grzywacz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Michael A Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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2
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Qorbani A, Gao G, Dwyre DM. Polyclonal CD5+/CD19+ B1a lymphocytes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a potential diagnostic pitfall. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2020; 10:e2020147. [PMID: 33344271 PMCID: PMC7703255 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2020.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In adults, B-lymphocytes comprise approximately 10% of circulating lymphocytes. The majority of peripheral B cells are B2 cells (“Mature” B-cells), which function as part of the humoral adaptive immune system. B1 cells (“Innate-like” B cells) are another sub-class of B lymphocytes, considered as innate immune cells with a characteristic phenotype (CD20+, CD27+, CD43+, CD70-, CD11b+, sIgM++, sIgD+) which can be divided into two subtypes; B1a (CD5+): spontaneously produce broadly reactive natural IgM, and B1b (CD5-): can generate T-cell independent, long-lasting IgM. There is very limited data available, indicating a correlation between allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and an increase in B1a cells. Here we present a case of a 17-year-old female with homozygous sickle cell disease (HbSS disease) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Approximately seven months post-transplant, she was found to have 16% immature mononuclear cells on complete blood count (CBC)-differential report. A follow-up peripheral blood flow cytometry showed that these cells were polyclonal CD5+/CD20+ B-cells, and comprised 66% of lymphocytes. Further workup and follow up failed to reveal any lymphoproliferative disorders. It is important not to misdiagnose these cells as an atypical CD5+ lymphoproliferative disorder. The presence of B1a cells has not been widely reported in non-neoplastic post-stem cell transplanted patients. This case also adds to and expands our knowledge regarding the presence of increased circulating B1a cells after stem cell transplant in a patient with no history of hematological malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Qorbani
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), UCSF Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guofeng Gao
- University of California, Davis (UC Davis), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Denis M Dwyre
- University of California, Davis (UC Davis), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Sacramento, CA, USA
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Shi L, Lv X, Liu L, Yang Y, Ma Z, Han B, Sun D. A post-GWAS confirming effects of PRKG1 gene on milk fatty acids in a Chinese Holstein dairy population. BMC Genet 2019; 20:53. [PMID: 31269900 PMCID: PMC6610796 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) strategy for milk fatty acids in Chinese Holstein, and identified 83 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 314 suggestive significant SNPs. Among them, two SNPs, BTB-01077939 and BTA-11275-no-rs associated with C10:0, C12:0, and C14 index (P = 0.000014 ~ 0.000024), were within and close to (0.85 Mb) protein kinase, cGMP-dependent, type І (PRKG1) gene on BTA26, respectively. PRKG1 gene plays a key role in lipolysis to release fatty acids and glycerol through the hydrolysis of triacyglycerol in adipocytes. We herein considered it as a promising candidate for milk fatty acids. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether PRKG1 had effects on milk fatty acids. RESULTS By direct sequencing the PCR products of pooled DNA, we identified a total of six SNPs, including one in 5' flanking region, four in 3' untranslated region (UTR), and one in 3' flanking region. The single-locus association analysis was carried out, and showed that the six SNPs mainly had significant associations with C6:0, C8:0 and C17:1 (P < 0.0001 ~ 0.0035). In addition, we observed a haplotype block formed by g.6903810G > A and g.6904047G > T with Haploview 4.1, and it was strongly associated with C8:0, C10:0, C16:1, C17:1, C20:0 and C16 index (P = < 0.0001 ~ 0.0123). The SNP, g.8344262A > T, was predicted to alter the binding site (BS) of transcription factor (TF) GAGA box with Genomatix software, and the subsequent luciferase assay verified that it really changed the transcriptional activity of PRKG1 gene (P = 0.0009). CONCLUSION In conclusion, to our best of knowledge, we are the first who identified the significant effects of PRKG1 on milk fatty acids in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shi
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192 China
| | - Lin Liu
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192 China
| | - Yuze Yang
- Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Zhu Ma
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192 China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
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4
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Xu Y, Liu Q, Zhong M, Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Xing H, Tian Z, Tang K, Liao X, Rao Q, Wang M, Wang J. 2B4 costimulatory domain enhancing cytotoxic ability of anti-CD5 chimeric antigen receptor engineered natural killer cells against T cell malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:49. [PMID: 31097020 PMCID: PMC6524286 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cells (CAR-T) have demonstrated extraordinary efficacy in B cell malignancy therapy and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for diffuse large B cell lymphoma and acute B lymphocytic leukemia treatment. However, treatment of T cell malignancies using CAR-T cells remains limited due to the shared antigens between malignant T cells and normal T cells. CD5 is considered one of the important characteristic markers of malignant T cells and is expressed on almost all normal T cells but not on NK-92 cells. Recently, NK-92 cells have been utilized as CAR-modified immune cells. However, in preclinical models, CAR-T cells seem to be superior to CAR-NK-92 cells. Therefore, we speculate that in addition to the short lifespan of NK-92 cells in mice, the costimulatory domain used in CAR constructs might not be suitable for CAR-NK-92 cell engineering. METHODS Two second-generation anti-CD5 CAR plasmids with different costimulatory domains were constructed, one using the T-cell-associated activating receptor-4-1BB (BB.z) and the other using a NK-cell-associated activating receptor-2B4 (2B4.z). Subsequently, BB.z-NK and 2B4.z-NK were generated. Specific cytotoxicity against CD5+ malignant cell lines, primary CD5+ malignant cells, and normal T cells was evaluated in vitro. Moreover, a CD5+ T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) mouse model was established and used to assess the efficacy of CD5-CAR NK immunotherapy in vivo. RESULTS Both BB.z-NK and 2B4.z-NK exhibited specific cytotoxicity against CD5+ malignant cells in vitro and prolonged the survival of T-ALL xenograft mice. Encouragingly, 2B4.z-NK cells displayed greater anti-CD5+ malignancy capacity than that of BB.z-NK, accompanied by a greater direct lytic side effect versus BB.z-NK. CONCLUSIONS Anti-CD5 CAR-NK cells, particularly those constructed with the intracellular domain of NK-cell-associated activating receptor 2B4, may be a promising strategy for T cell malignancy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mengjun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaolong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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Kurzer JH, Weinberg OK. Identification of early B cell precursors (stage 1 and 2 hematogones) in the peripheral blood. J Clin Pathol 2018; 71:845-850. [PMID: 29802226 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Differentiating malignant B-lymphoblasts from early benign B cell precursors (hematogones) is a vital component of the diagnosis of B-lymphoblastic leukaemia. It has been previously reported that only late-stage B cell precursors circulate in the peripheral blood. Consequently, flow cytometric detection of cells with immunophenotypic findings similar to earlier stage precursors in the peripheral blood justifiably raises concern for involvement by B-lymphoblastic leukaemia. We report here, however, that benign early B cell precursors can indeed be detected in the peripheral blood, thus complicating the interpretation of flow cytometric findings derived from these sample types. A retrospective search of our collective databases identified 13 cases containing circulating early stage B cell precursors. The patients ranged in age from 15 days to 85 years old. All positive cases demonstrated that the earlier B cell precursors were associated with later stage precursors, a finding that could help differentiate these cells from B-lymphoblastic leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Kurzer
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Olga K Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Abstract
Utility of flow cytometry in the evaluation of pediatric hematopoietic neoplasms and the differences from adult hematopoietic neoplasms are discussed in this review. Distinction of hematogones from B-lymphoblasts, detection of residual/relapsed disease after novel targeted therapies, and evaluation of pediatric myeloid neoplasms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerald Wertheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele Paessler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vinodh Pillai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Innate Response Activator (IRA) B Cells Reside in Human Tonsils and Internalize Bacteria In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129879. [PMID: 26066485 PMCID: PMC4466315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate response activator (IRA) B cells have been described in mice as a subset of B-1a B cells that produce granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and have been found in the spleen upon activation. In humans, identification, tissue localization and functionality of these lymphocytes are poorly understood. We hypothesized that IRA B cells could reside in human palatine tonsils, which are a first line of defense from infection of the upper respiratory tract. In the present work, we used flow cytometry and confocal microscopy to identify and characterize human IRA (hIRA) B cells in tonsils. We show that CD19+CD20+GM-CSF+ B cells are present in the tonsils of all the subjects studied at a frequency ranging between ~0.2% and ~0.4% of the conventional CD19+CD20+GM-CSF- B cells. These cells reside within the B cell follicles, are mostly IgM+IgD+, express CD5 and show phagocytic activity. Our results support a role for hIRA B cells in the effector immune response to infections in tonsils.
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8
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Carulli G, Ottaviano V, Guerri V, Giuntini S, Sammuri P, Ciancia EM, Azzarà A. Multiparameter Flow Cytometry to Detect Hematogones and to Assess B-lymphocyte clonality in Bone Marrow Samples from Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Hematol Rep 2014; 6:5381. [PMID: 25013717 PMCID: PMC4091289 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2014.5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematogones are precursors of B-lymphocytes detected in small numbers in the bone marrow. Flow cytometry is the most useful tool to identify hematogones and, so far, 4-color methods have been published. In addition, flow cytometry is used in the diagnosis and follow-up of lymphomas. We developed a flow cytometric 7-color method to enumerate hematogones and to assess B-lymphocyte clonality for routine purposes. We evaluated 171 cases of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, either at diagnosis or in the course of follow-up. By our diagnostic method, which was carried out by the combination K/λ/CD20/CD19/CD10/CD45/CD5, we were able to detect hematogones in 97.6% of samples and to distinguish normal B-lymphocytes, neoplastic lymphocytes and hematogones in a single step. The percentage of hematogones showed a significant inverse correlation with the degree of neoplastic infiltration and, when bone marrow samples not involved by disease were taken into consideration, resulted higher in patients during follow-up than in patients evaluated at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Carulli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Virginia Ottaviano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Valentina Guerri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Stefano Giuntini
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Paola Sammuri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Antonio Azzarà
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa , Italy
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Horna P, Pantazopoulos P, Lancet JE, Moscinski LC, Zhang L. Prominent hematogone hyperplasia in BCR-ABL1-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia: mimicking recurrent B-lymphoid blast crisis. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:1952-4. [PMID: 24304373 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.869330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Horna
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA
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Agrawal S, Smith SABC, Tangye SG, Sewell WA. Transitional B cell subsets in human bone marrow. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 174:53-9. [PMID: 23731328 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells originate from precursors in the bone marrow, and the first cells which migrate to the peripheral blood have been classified as 'transitional B cells'. Transitional B cells have been characterized in human blood with stage 1 (T1) and stage 2 (T2) subsets being proposed. In the present study, 27 normal human bone marrow samples were analysed for transitional B cell markers by eight-colour flow cytometry. T1 transitional B cells (CD45(+)CD19(+)CD10(+)IgM(+)IgD(lo)) and T2 transitional B cells (CD45(+)CD19(+)CD10(+)IgM(+)IgD(+)) were identified in normal bone marrow samples at a mean frequency of 3·2 and 3·1% of total B lineage cells, respectively. A majority of the bone marrow transitional B cells were CD24(hi)CD38(hi) , the phenotype of blood transitional B cells. Consistent with recent peripheral blood data, T2 B cells had a significantly higher CD21 expression compared with T1 B cells (72·4 versus 40·9%) in the bone marrow. These data raise the possibility that transitional B cells are capable of differentiating from T1 to T2 B cells within the bone marrow. Furthermore, transitional cells at either stages 1 or 2 might be capable of migrating out of the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agrawal
- Immunology Department, SydPath, St Vincent's Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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11
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Zheng J, Du W, Yao J, You Y, Li W, He Y, Li X, Liu W, Wu Y, Hu Y, Jin R, Zou P, Huang S, Hu Y, Zhang M. Analysis of hematogones in bone marrow from acute myeloid leukaemia cases posttherapy. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:1140-6. [PMID: 23992300 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased bone marrow (BM) hematogones (HGs) are often observed in patients with marrow regenerating status. Many studies have focused on the role of HGs in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), but very little has been done to understand their effects on acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). MATERIALS AND METHODS Through immunophenotyping, HGs were quantified in 471 BM samples from 292 postchemotherapy AML cases. These samples were analysed to determine whether there is any relationship between HGs percentages and French-American-British (FAB) subtypes or risk stratification of AML. RESULTS HGs were identified in 57.75% of 471 patient samples (271) with a mean percentage of 3.87 ± 0.25%. No significant differences were found amongst different FAB subtypes of AML (P > 0.05). However, significant differences (P < 0.05) in HG numbers were noted between AML patients experiencing haematological complete remission (HCR) and those who have relapsed. HGs were identified in 59.9% of samples under HCR with a mean per cent of 3.98 ± 0.31%, and 36.7% of individuals who have relapsed have detectable HGs with a mean per cent of 1.75 ± 0.47. In addition, HGs in patients groups with low risk or intermediate risk were elevated when compared with high-risk groups (P < 0.05), whilst no significant difference was found between low-risk patients and intermediate-risk patients (P > 0.05). Patients with >0.1% of HGs had a significantly better median leukaemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with <0.1% of HGs (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our data indicate that HGs in bone marrow may be used as a favourable prognostic factor that predict for a better outcome of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jine Zheng
- Center for stem cell research & application, Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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12
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Chantepie S, Cornet E, Salaün V, Reman O. Hematogones: An overview. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1404-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Sevilla DW, Colovai AI, Emmons FN, Bhagat G, Alobeid B. Hematogones: a review and update. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 51:10-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10428190903370346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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