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Popova NA, Sysoeva GM, Nikolin VP, Kaledin VI, Tretyakov EV, Edeleva MV, Balakhnin SM, Lushnikova EL, Audran G, Mark S. Comparative Study of Toxicity of Alkoxyamines In Vitro and In Vivo. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 164:49-53. [PMID: 29119391 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Effect of alkoxyamines on normal and tumor cells was studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments showed that alkoxyamines produce a dose-dependent toxic effect on cells of human breast tumor MCF7 line. Transplantation of Krebs-2 ascites carcinoma cells preincubated with alkoxyamines to mice did not induce tumor growth. An opposite effect was observed in normal mouse cells: functional activity of peritoneal macrophages increased. The possibility of using alkoxyamines as theranostic agents is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Popova
- Federal Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - G M Sysoeva
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Vektor State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - V P Nikolin
- Federal Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V I Kaledin
- Federal Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E V Tretyakov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - S M Balakhnin
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E L Lushnikova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - G Audran
- Aix Marseille University, Provence, France
| | - S Mark
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Miller KM, Günther OP, Li S, Kaukinen KH, Ming TJ. Molecular indices of viral disease development in wild migrating salmon †. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 5:cox036. [PMID: 28702195 PMCID: PMC5499884 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases can impact the physiological performance of individuals, including their mobility, visual acuity, behavior and tolerance and ability to effectively respond to additional stressors. These physiological effects can influence competitiveness, social hierarchy, habitat usage, migratory behavior and risk to predation, and in some circumstances, viability of populations. While there are multiple means of detecting infectious agents (microscopy, culture, molecular assays), the detection of infectious diseases in wild populations in circumstances where mortality is not observable can be difficult. Moreover, if infection-related physiological compromise leaves individuals vulnerable to predation, it may be rare to observe wildlife in a late stage of disease. Diagnostic technologies designed to diagnose cause of death are not always sensitive enough to detect early stages of disease development in live-sampled organisms. Sensitive technologies that can differentiate agent carrier states from active disease states are required to demonstrate impacts of infectious diseases in wild populations. We present the discovery and validation of salmon host transcriptional biomarkers capable of distinguishing fish in an active viral disease state [viral disease development (VDD)] from those carrying a latent viral infection, and viral versus bacterial disease states. Biomarker discovery was conducted through meta-analysis of published and in-house microarray data, and validation performed on independent datasets including disease challenge studies and farmed salmon diagnosed with various viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases. We demonstrate that the VDD biomarker panel is predictive of disease development across RNA-viral species, salmon species and salmon tissues, and can recognize a viral disease state in wild-migrating salmon. Moreover, we show that there is considerable overlap in the biomarkers resolved in our study in salmon with those based on similar human viral influenza research, suggesting a highly conserved suite of host genes associated with viral disease that may be applicable across a broad range of vertebrate taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Miller
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9T 6N7
- Corresponding author: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9T 6N7.
| | - Oliver P. Günther
- Günther Analytics, 402-5775 Hampton Place, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2G6
| | - Shaorong Li
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9T 6N7
| | - Karia H. Kaukinen
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9T 6N7
| | - Tobi J. Ming
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9T 6N7
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Anaya JM, Duarte-Rey C, Sarmiento-Monroy JC, Bardey D, Castiblanco J, Rojas-Villarraga A. Personalized medicine. Closing the gap between knowledge and clinical practice. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:833-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Flynn C, James J, Maxwell P, McQuaid S, Ervine A, Catherwood M, Loughrey MB, McGibben D, Somerville J, McManus DT, Gray M, Herron B, Salto-Tellez M. Integrating molecular diagnostics into histopathology training: the Belfast model. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:632-6. [PMID: 24493649 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular medicine is transforming modern clinical practice, from diagnostics to therapeutics. Discoveries in research are being incorporated into the clinical setting with increasing rapidity. This transformation is also deeply changing the way we practise pathology. The great advances in cell and molecular biology which have accelerated our understanding of the pathogenesis of solid tumours have been embraced with variable degrees of enthusiasm by diverse medical professional specialties. While histopathologists have not been prompt to adopt molecular diagnostics to date, the need to incorporate molecular pathology into the training of future histopathologists is imperative. Our goal is to create, within an existing 5-year histopathology training curriculum, the structure for formal substantial teaching of molecular diagnostics. This specialist training has two main goals: (1) to equip future practising histopathologists with basic knowledge of molecular diagnostics and (2) to create the option for those interested in a subspecialty experience in tissue molecular diagnostics to pursue this training. It is our belief that this training will help to maintain in future the role of the pathologist at the centre of patient care as the integrator of clinical, morphological and molecular information.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Flynn
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - J James
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - P Maxwell
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - S McQuaid
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - A Ervine
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - M Catherwood
- Haemato-Oncology Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - M B Loughrey
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - D McGibben
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - J Somerville
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - D T McManus
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - M Gray
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - B Herron
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - M Salto-Tellez
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Audran G, Brémond P, Franconi JM, Marque SRA, Massot P, Mellet P, Parzy E, Thiaudière E. Alkoxyamines: a new family of pro-drugs against cancer. Concept for theranostics. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:719-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Concept to apply alkoxyamines as a theranostic against cancer. The success relies on the highly biological generation of an unselective alkyl radical at the right time and at the right place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Audran
- Université d'Aix-Marseille CNRS – UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Paul Brémond
- Université d'Aix-Marseille CNRS – UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-Michel Franconi
- CRMSB
- CNRS-UMR-5536
- Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2
- 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | | | - Philippe Massot
- CRMSB
- CNRS-UMR-5536
- Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2
- 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Philippe Mellet
- CRMSB
- CNRS-UMR-5536
- Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2
- 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
- INSERM
| | - Elodie Parzy
- CRMSB
- CNRS-UMR-5536
- Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2
- 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Eric Thiaudière
- CRMSB
- CNRS-UMR-5536
- Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2
- 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
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Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2012; 2:403-30. [PMID: 22432625 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The past three decades have seen the emergence of an endeavor called tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in which scientists, engineers, and physicians apply tools from a variety of fields to construct biological substitutes that can mimic tissues for diagnostic and research purposes and can replace (or help regenerate) diseased and injured tissues. A significant portion of this effort has been translated to actual therapies, especially in the areas of skin replacement and, to a lesser extent, cartilage repair. A good amount of thoughtful work has also yielded prototypes of other tissue substitutes such as nerve conduits, blood vessels, liver, and even heart. Forward movement to clinical product, however, has been slow. Another offshoot of these efforts has been the incorporation of some new exciting technologies (e.g., microfabrication, 3D printing) that may enable future breakthroughs. In this review we highlight the modest beginnings of the field and then describe three application examples that are in various stages of development, ranging from relatively mature (skin) to ongoing proof-of-concept (cartilage) to early stage (liver). We then discuss some of the major issues that limit the development of complex tissues, some of which are fundamentals-based, whereas others stem from the needs of the end users.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Shaw KJ, Birch C, Hughes EM, Jakes AD, Greenman J, Haswell SJ. Microsystems for personalized biomolecular diagnostics. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Miller FA, Krueger P, Christensen RJ, Ahern C, Carter RF, Kamel-Reid S. Postal survey of physicians and laboratories: practices and perceptions of molecular oncology testing. BMC Health Serv Res 2009; 9:131. [PMID: 19643018 PMCID: PMC2731034 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-9-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular oncology testing (MOT) to detect genomic alterations underlying cancer holds promise for improved cancer care. Yet knowledge limitations regarding the delivery of testing services may constrain the translation of scientific advancements into effective health care. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, self-administered, postal survey of active cancer physicians in Ontario, Canada (N = 611) likely to order MOT, and cancer laboratories (N = 99) likely to refer (i.e., referring laboratories) or conduct (i.e., testing laboratories) MOT in 2006, to assess respondents' perceptions of the importance and accessibility of MOT and their preparedness to provide it. Results 54% of physicians, 63% of testing laboratories and 60% of referring laboratories responded. Most perceived MOT to be important for treatment, diagnosis or prognosis now, and in 5 years (61% – 100%). Yet only 45% of physicians, 59% of testing labs and 53% of referring labs agreed that patients in their region were receiving MOT that is indicated as a standard of care. Physicians and laboratories perceived various barriers to providing MOT, including, among 70% of physicians, a lack of clear guidelines regarding clinical indications, and among laboratories, a lack of funding (73% – 100%). Testing laboratories were confident of their ability to determine whether and which MOT was indicated (77% and 82% respectively), and perceived that key elements of formal and continuing education were helpful (75% – 100%). By contrast, minorities of physicians were confident of their ability to assess whether and which MOT was indicated (46% and 34% respectively), and while majorities considered various continuing educational resources helpful (68% – 75%), only minorities considered key elements of formal education helpful in preparing for MOT (17% – 43%). Conclusion Physicians and laboratory professionals were enthusiastic about the value of MOT for cancer care but most did not believe patients were gaining adequate access to clinically necessary testing. Further, our results suggest that many were ill equipped as individual stakeholders, or as a coordinated system of referral and interpretation, to provide MOT. These challenges should inspire educational, training and other interventions to ensure that developments in molecular oncology can result in optimal cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Miller
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Wehbe FH, Brown SH, Massion PP, Gadd CS, Masys DR, Aliferis CF. A novel information retrieval model for high-throughput molecular medicine modalities. Cancer Inform 2009; 8:1-17. [PMID: 19458790 PMCID: PMC2664697 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant research has been devoted to predicting diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment using high-throughput assays. Rapid translation into clinical results hinges upon efficient access to up-to-date and high-quality molecular medicine modalities. We first explain why this goal is inadequately supported by existing databases and portals and then introduce a novel semantic indexing and information retrieval model for clinical bioinformatics. The formalism provides the means for indexing a variety of relevant objects (e.g. papers, algorithms, signatures, datasets) and includes a model of the research processes that creates and validates these objects in order to support their systematic presentation once retrieved. We test the applicability of the model by constructing proof-of-concept encodings and visual presentations of evidence and modalities in molecular profiling and prognosis of: (a) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and (b) breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas H Wehbe
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Stallings SC, Huse D, Finkelstein SN, Crown WH, Witt WP, Maguire J, Hiller AJ, Sinskey AJ, Ginsburg GS. A framework to evaluate the economic impact of pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics 2006; 7:853-62. [PMID: 16981846 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.7.6.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine promise to improve healthcare by increasing drug efficacy and minimizing side effects. There may also be substantial savings realized by eliminating costs associated with failed treatment. This paper describes a framework using health claims data for analyzing the potential value of pharmacogenomic testing in clinical practice. METHODS We evaluated a model of alternate clinical strategies using asthma patients' data from a retrospective health claims database to determine a potential cost offset. We estimated the likely cost impact of using a hypothetical pharmacogenomic test to determine a preferred initial therapy. We compared the annualized per patient costs distributions under two clinical strategies: testing all patients for a nonresponse genotype prior to treating and testing none. RESULTS In the Test All strategy, more patients fall into lower cost ranges of the distribution. In our base case (15% phenotype prevalence, 200 US dollars test, 74% overall first-line treatment efficacy and 60% second-line therapy efficacy) the cost savings per patient for a typical run of the testing strategy simulation ranged from 200 US dollars to 767 US dollars (5th and 95th percentile). Genetic variant prevalence, test cost and the cost of choosing the wrong treatment are key parameters in the economic viability of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS A general tool for predicting the impact of pharmacogenomic-based diagnostic tests on healthcare costs in asthma patients suggests that upfront testing costs are likely offset by avoided nonresponse costs. We suggest that similar analyses for decision making could be undertaken using claims data in which a population can be stratified by response to a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Stallings
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Program on the Pharmaceutical Industry (MIT POPI) and Department of Biology, USA
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11
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Plebani M, Laposata M. Translational Research Involving New Biomarkers of Disease. Am J Clin Pathol 2006. [DOI: 10.1309/5ghy0vcwbuy58efx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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12
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Carlson JA, Ross JS, Slominski A, Linette G, Mysliborski J, Hill J, Mihm M. Molecular diagnostics in melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 52:743-75; quiz 775-8. [PMID: 15858465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular pathology is rapidly evolving, featuring continuous technologic improvements that offer novel clinical opportunities for the recognition of disease predisposition, for identifying sub-clinical disease, for more accurate diagnosis, for selecting efficacious and non-toxic therapy, and for monitoring of disease outcome. Currently, the identification and prognosis of primary cutaneous melanoma is based on histologic factors (tumor depth and ulceration) and clinical factors (number of lymph node and/or distant metastases). However, metastasis can occur in patients with thin melanomas, and sentinel lymph node biopsy does not identify all patients at risk for distant metastasis. New markers exist that correlate with melanoma progression, which may aid in melanoma identification, prognostication, and detection of minimal residual disease/early recurrence. Moreover, not many therapeutic options exist for melanoma as no regimen prolongs survival. Emerging data with investigational therapies suggest that certain markers might play a crucial role in identifying patients who will respond to therapy or show utility in the monitoring the response to therapy. Herein, molecular diagnostics that can potentially benefit the individual melanoma patient will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew Carlson
- Division of Dermatopathology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
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13
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Cochran AJ, Starz H, Ohsie SJ, Sarantopoulos GP, Haas CJ, Binder S. Pathologic Reporting and Special Diagnostic Techniques for Melanoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2006; 15:231-51. [PMID: 16632213 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2005.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathologists play a central role in the management of cutaneous melanoma in determining that a tumor is a melanoma, whether or not it is primary or metastatic, and whether or not the margins of excision are tumor free and in evaluating prognostic indicators from examination of the primary tumor and, where appropriate, lymph nodes, including the sentinel nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J Cochran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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14
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Plebani M. Proteomics: the next revolution in laboratory medicine? Clin Chim Acta 2005; 357:113-22. [PMID: 15941565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2005.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of specific genetic alterations and protein profiles associated with disease offers a unique opportunity to develop proteomics-based assays for early diagnosis. By identifying proteins in serum/plasma, a minimally invasive tool is used to assess the presence of disease and to monitor response to treatment and/or disease progression. The potential clinical applications of this tool are broad-based, including the diagnosis not only of cancer but also cardiovascular and neuromuscular diseases, organ transplantation associated conditions, and infertility. METHODS A number of competing chromatographic techniques have been proposed for overcoming the complexity and labor-intensive manipulations associated with the traditional technique for proteomic analysis, which is based on two-dimensional gel electrophoretic techniques. However, mass spectrometry has now assumed a central role in most proteomic workflows, and several combinations of ionization sources, analyzers and fragmentations devices have been described and developed. RESULTS Thanks to proteomic applications in the diagnosis of cancer, several research groups have identified proteomic patterns associated with ovarian, prostatic, colorectal and other cancers. While the sensitivity and specificity of these patterns are highly satisfactory, there are still some open questions concerning the standardization, reproducibility, and inter-laboratory agreement of these data. CONCLUSIONS Proteomics, and, in particular, serum mass spectroscopic proteomic pattern diagnostics, is a rapid expanding field of research. The plasma proteoma has an important position at the intersection between genes and diseases, and clinical laboratories must adapt to a new era of tests based on proteomics and genomics. In the future, mass spectrometry will become an essential tool in the clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
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15
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Abstract
The ability to measure the function of genes and proteins has spawned the construct of personalized medicine, in which patients' own risks and preferences are used to choose diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The complexity of clinical data required to guide personalized medicine calls for improvements in our system of clinical research, including (1) overhauling it to produce networks that can do adequate-size pragmatic trials; (2) synchronization of regulatory and payment systems to encourage adequate studies; and (3) an investment in education of providers and patients to improve the understanding of the probabilistic predictions forming the basis of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Califf
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Hicks DG, Longoria G, Pettay J, Grogan T, Tarr S, Tubbs R. In situ hybridization in the pathology laboratory: General principles, automation, and emerging research applications for tissue-based studies of gene expression. J Mol Histol 2004; 35:595-601. [PMID: 15614613 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-004-2188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2003] [Revised: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic anatomic pathologists play an important role in the care of patients through their careful evaluation of morphological features in routinely prepared histological sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Morphological assessment of tissue sections, backed by over one hundred years of experience is powerful and allows for the accurate classification and diagnosis of the majority of disease states within pathologically altered tissues. However, the appearance of cells and their architectural arrangement within a morphologically complex tissue represents only a fraction of the information, which is contained within a histological section. These tissues also contain all of the cellular proteins and expressed genes, which help to ultimately determine the biological behavior of cells, as well as provide clues to the origins and pathogenesis of disease states. Technical and theoretical advances in our understanding of cellular biology have provided pathologists with powerful tools to probe beyond pure morphology into the abnormalities in both protein and gene expression that underlie human disease. These tools, which include immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, are playing an increasingly important role in diagnostic pathology, as well as in translational research. This review will focus on the emerging role of in situ hybridization within clinical and research laboratories, and will highlight a number of technical advances that have expanded the application of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Hicks
- Departments of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the advances in clinically useful molecular biologic techniques and to identify their applications in clinical practice, as presented at the 11th Annual William Beaumont Hospital DNA Symposium. DATA SOURCES The 8 manuscripts submitted were reviewed, and their major findings were compared with literature on the same or related topics. STUDY SELECTION Manuscripts address the use of molecular techniques in microbiology to evaluate infectious disease and epidemiology; molecular microbiology methods, including rapid-cycle real-time polymerase chain reaction; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease or colon cancer; the effect of nonapoptotic doses of the bisbenizamide dye Hoechst 33342 on luciferase expression in plasmid-transfected BC3H-1 myocytes; the routine use of cystic fibrosis screening and its challenges; and the use of flow cytometry and/or chromosomal translocation in the diagnostic evaluation of hematopoietic malignancies. DATA SYNTHESIS Three current issues related to the use of molecular tests in clinical laboratories are (1) the restriction on introducing new tests secondary to existing patents or licenses; (2) the preanalytic variables for the different specimen types currently in use, including whole blood, plasma, serum, fresh or frozen tissues, and free-circulating DNA; and (3) the interpretation of studies evaluating the association of complex diseases with a single mutation or single-nucleotide polymorphism. Molecular methods have had a major impact on infectious disease through the rapid identification of organisms, the evaluation of outbreaks, and the characterization of drug resistance when compared with standard culture techniques. The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma stimulated by thiazolidinedione is useful in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus and may have value in preventing inflammatory bowel disease or colon cancer. Hoechst 33342 binding to adenine-thymine-rich regions in the minor groove of DNA is a fluorescent stain for DNA and initiates apoptosis at >10 microg/mL. Lower doses of Hoechst 33342 promote luciferase expression by a mechanism that may involve binding to cryptic promoters facilitated by dye-associated misalignment of the tertiary structure of DNA. The routine use of cystic fibrosis screening is complicated by the more than 1000 mutations associated with the disease. The use of 4-color flow cytometry and the detection of chromosomal translocation are both invaluable aids in establishing the diagnosis of lymphoid or myeloid hematopoietic malignancies. CONCLUSIONS The current postgenomic era will continue to emphasize the use of microarrays and database software for genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic screening in the search for useful clinical assays. The number of molecular pathologic techniques will expand as additional disease-associated mutations are defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick L Kiechle
- Department of Clinical Pathology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich 48073, USA.
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18
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Kanduc D, Capuano F, Capurso SA, Geliebter J, Guercia D, Lucchese A, Mittelman A, Simone SM, Sinha AA, Tiwari R, Farber E. Cancer prevention and therapy: strategies and problems. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND ONCOLOGY 2003; 3:108-14. [PMID: 14641817 DOI: 10.1046/j.1359-4117.2003.01086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
During the next years, molecular diagnostic science and the pharmaceutical industry will face increasing demand for personalized medicine. Therapeutic treatments should be tailored to the needs of individual patient. Patients will inquire for information about potential tumor detection at an early stage when disease can be more likely to be arrested or cured with specific regimens of drug therapy. To respond to this demand, science and industry need to modulate therapeutic approaches to the continuous development of cancer. Now more than ever, it is necessary to fill the knowledge hiatus between the "beginning" and the "end" of cancer development, i.e we need to critically analyze the extensive multi-step process of cancer development that still remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126, Italy.
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