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Lopes KG, Farinatti P, Lopes GDO, Paz GA, Bottino DA, Oliveira RBD, Bouskela E, Borges JP. Muscle mass, strength, bone mineral density and vascular function in middle-aged people living with HIV vs. age-matched and older controls. Braz J Infect Dis 2021; 25:101654. [PMID: 34826379 PMCID: PMC9392186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) substantially extended the life of people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, prolonged HIV infection and cART increase the risk of comorbidities accelerating age-related muscle, bone, and vascular disorders. This cross-sectional study compared muscle mass and strength, bone mineral density (BMD), and vascular function in middle-aged PLHIV treated with cART vs. non-infected age-matched and older controls. Methods After careful screening for secondary diseases and medications, body composition, muscular and vascular function were assessed in 12 PLHIV (43.9±8.7 yrs old; HIV-infection for 16.2±8.6 yrs; on cART for 11.6±9.2 yrs), 12 age-matched (CONT, 43.2±8.5 yrs old), and 12 older (OLDER, 74.4±8.3 yrs old) controls through dual x-ray absorptiometry, isokinetic dynamometry, and venous occlusion plethysmography, respectively. Results PLHIV and CONT showed similar relative muscle mass (65.3±8.0 vs. 66.9±7.3%, respectively; P= 0.88) and strength (160.7±53.9 vs. 152.0±52.9 N.m−1, respectively; P= 0.90), which were greater than OLDER (80.6±18.8 N.m−1; P= 0.001). Total BMD was similar in PLHIV (1.04±0.13 g.cm−2) and OLDER (1.00±0.15 g.cm−2, P= 0.86), and both groups presented lower values than CONT (1.20±0.13 g.cm−2, P< 0.01). No significant difference across groups was detected for macrovascular reactivity (P= 0.32). Conclusion Age-related osteopenia might be accelerated in middle-aged PLHIV on prolonged cART, as their BMD approached values found in older adults. On the other hand, muscle mass, isokinetic strength, and vasodilation capacity were similar in PLHIV and age-matched uninfected controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karynne Grutter Lopes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriella de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Andrade Paz
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Alexandre Bottino
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Brandão de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira Borges
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Kuate Defo A, Chalati MD, Labos C, Fellows LK, Mayo NE, Daskalopoulou SS. Association of HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Arterial Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hypertension 2021; 78:320-332. [PMID: 34176289 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Kuate Defo
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre (A.K.D., S.S.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mhd Diaa Chalati
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (M.D.C., S.S.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Labos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.L.)
| | - Lesley K Fellows
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (L.K.F.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy E Mayo
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Department of Medicine, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (N.E.M.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre (A.K.D., S.S.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (M.D.C., S.S.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Rodrigues KL, Borges JP, Lopes GDO, Pereira ENGDS, Mediano MFF, Farinatti P, Tibiriça E, Daliry A. Influence of Physical Exercise on Advanced Glycation End Products Levels in Patients Living With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1641. [PMID: 30574090 PMCID: PMC6291474 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) used to treat acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV) induces a number of adverse effects, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, which ultimately increases the cardiovascular risk. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other chronic diseases. It is known that physical exercise improves the lipid profile, insulin resistance and reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the impact of physical exercise on AGE levels in HIV-infected patients has not been so far investigated. Therefore, this study compared AGEs levels in people with and without HIV and verified the effect of physical training on serum AGE levels. Methods: Participants were initially assigned into three groups: healthy control (CTL, n = 35), physically inactive HIV-infected (In-HIV, n = 33) and physically active HIV-infected (Ac-HIV, n = 19). The In-HIV group underwent physical training for 3 months, consisting of 60-min sessions of multimodal supervised exercise (aerobic, resistance and flexibility) with moderate intensity (50–80% heart rate reserve), performed 3 times/week. AGEs were measured in serum by fluorescence spectrometry. Results: At baseline, serum AGEs fluorescence level was significantly higher in inactive HIV-patients when compared to controls or active HIV-patients (In-HIV: 0.93 ± 0.08 vs. controls: 0.68 ± 0.13 and Ac-HIV: 0.59 ± 0.04 A.U.; P < 0.001). Triglycerides were also higher in In-HIV than CTL (182.8 ± 102 vs. 132.8 ± 52.3 mg/dL; P < 0.05). Waist circumference was lower in Ac-HIV, compared to In-HIV and controls (83.9 ± 10.4 vs. 92.9 ± 13.5 and 98.3 ± 12.4, respectively; P < 0.05). Body mass, fasting blood glucose, LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol were similar between groups. After training, AGE levels decreased (Baseline: 0.93 ± 0.08 vs. 3 months follow-up: 0.59 ± 0.04 AU; P < 0.001), no further difference being detected vs. CTL or Ac-HIV. Conclusion: HIV-infected patients under cART exhibited elevated AGEs levels compared to healthy individuals and physically active patients. Short-term aerobic training of moderate intensity counteracted this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Lino Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira Borges
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriella de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibiriça
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lopes GO, Farinatti P, Lopes KG, Medeiros-Lima DJ, Matsuura C, Oliveira RB, Bouskela E, Bottino DA, Muccillo F, Tibirica E, Borges JP. Increased vascular function and superoxide dismutase activity in physically active vs inactive adults living with HIV. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29:25-33. [PMID: 30267551 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared macro- and microvascular endothelial function and redox status in active vs inactive HIV-infected patients (HIVP) under antiretroviral therapy. Using a cross-sectional design, macro- and microvascular reactivity, systemic microvascular density, and oxidative stress were compared between 19 HIVP (53.1 ± 6.1 year) enrolled in a multimodal training program (aerobic, strength and flexibility exercises) for at least 12 months (60-minutes sessions performed 3 times/wk with moderate intensity) vs 25 sedentary HIVP (51.2 ± 6.3 year). Forearm blood flow during reactive hyperemia (521.7 ± 241.9 vs 361.4% ± 125.0%; P = 0.04) and systemic microvascular density (120.8 ± 21.1 vs 105.6 ± 25.0 capillaries/mm2 ; P = 0.03) was greater in active than inactive patients. No significant difference between groups was detected for endothelium-dependent and independent skin microvascular vasodilation (P > 0.05). As for redox status, carbonyl groups (P = 0.22), lipid peroxidation (P = 0.86), catalase activity (P = 0.99), and nitric oxide levels (P = 0.72) were similar across groups. However, superoxide dismutase activity was greater in active vs inactive HIVP (0.118 ± 0.013 vs 0.111 ± 0.007 U/mL; P = 0.05). Immune function reflected by total T CD4 and T CD8 counts (cell/mm3 ) did not differ between active and inactive groups (P > 0.82). In conclusion, physically active HIVP exhibited similar immune function, but greater macrovascular reactivity, systemic microvascular density, and superoxide dismutase activity than inactive patients of similar age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella O Lopes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Karynne G Lopes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Medeiros-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matsuura
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Bottino
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Muccillo
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibirica
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Borges
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Combined antiretroviral therapy (CART) has turned HIV-infection to a treatable chronic disease during which many patients survive to middle and older age. However, they prematurely develop non-AIDS comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Microcirculatory changes and endothelial dysfunction occur early both in HIV-infected and in aging patients, in whom they usually precede cardiovascular and neurocognitive impairments. Also, mild cognitive involvement has been reported in women during the menopausal transition. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier, as well as microvascular and cerebral blood flow changes, has been reported in HIV patients with HAND, including postmenopausal women. However, most studies addressing this issue included women aged less than 50 years. Whether HIV-infected women growing older with CART would be subsequently exposed to an increased progression of cognitive impairment overtime remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Monsuez
- AP-HP, Cardiology, Hôpital René Muret, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris Seine Saint-Denis, Avenue du docteur Schaeffner, F-93270, Sevran, France.
| | - Catherine Belin
- AP-HP, Neurology, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris Seine Saint-Denis, Bobigny, France
| | - Olivier Bouchaud
- AP-HP, Infectious diseases, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris Seine Saint-Denis, Bobigny, France
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Immunodominance: a pivotal principle in host response to viral infections. Clin Immunol 2012; 143:99-115. [PMID: 22391152 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We encounter pathogens on a daily basis and our immune system has evolved to mount an immune response following an infection. An interesting phenomenon that has evolved in response to clearing bacterial and viral infections is called immunodominance. Immunodominance refers to the phenomenon that, despite co-expression of multiple major histocompatibility complex class I alleles by host cells and the potential generation of hundreds of distinct antigenic peptides for recognition following an infection, a large portion of the anti-viral cytotoxic T lymphocyte population targets only some peptide/MHC class I complexes. Here we review the main factors contributing to immunodominance in relation to influenza A and HIV infection. Of special interest are the factors contributing to immunodominance in humans and rodents following influenza A infection. By critically reviewing these findings, we hope to improve understanding of the challenges facing the discovery of new factors enabling better anti-viral vaccine strategies in the future.
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