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van Dinter R, Reneman MF, Post MWM. Relation between work hours, work control, work stress, and quality of life in persons with spinal cord injury. Disabil Health J 2024:101682. [PMID: 39153942 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work participation is related to a better quality of life (QoL) for people with spinal cord injury (SCI), however, the specific work characteristics that are related to QoL in people with SCI are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate which work characteristics are related to QoL in people with SCI. METHODS Cross-sectional survey of people with SCI in the Netherlands. The survey consisted of demographic, SCI-related, and work-related items. Work control was measured with the short Job Content Questionnaire and work stress with the effort-reward imbalance (ERI). People of working age with at least 1 h of paid work per week were included. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to examine the contribution of work characteristics to QoL while controlling for potential clinical and demographic confounders. RESULTS The study included 169 persons with SCI (74.6 % male, 47.8 ± 9.3 years, time since injury 18.9 ± 11.1 years). The final hierarchical regression model explained 31 % of the variance in QoL. The number of SCI-related health complications contributed the strongest to QoL (ß = -.36), followed by work hours (β = .24), and work stress (β = .24). However, work control did not contribute significantly to QoL in our final model. CONCLUSION Work hours and work stress contributed to QoL in people with SCI, but the number of SCI-related health complications was the strongest contributor. Future research and vocational rehabilitation should be directed to both medical and work-related variables to enhance the QoL of working people with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée van Dinter
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Michiel F Reneman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel W M Post
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, the Netherlands; Centre of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Bezuidenhout L, Rhoda A, Moulaee Conradsson D, Theron F, Joseph C. Factors influencing employment among people with spinal cord injury in South Africa. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:4381-4387. [PMID: 36447405 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2151651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The unemployment rate post spinal cord injury (SCI) in South Africa is high with limited knowledge of environmental factors outside the health services, especially in an unevenly developed resource setting like South Africa, affecting the employment rate in people with SCI. Our purpose was to investigate factors associated with employment in people with SCI in South Africa. METHODS Two hundred persons with SCI participated in a cross-sectional survey design. This study formed part of the International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey. Subsections of the questionnaire responses were used as explanatory variables to predict employment after SCI using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The response rate of the study was 54%. Of the 200 participants included, 61% reported being employed before SCI onset whereas only 25% reported being engaged in paid work at the time of this study. The logistic regression model showed not requiring physical assistance in the home environment (p = 0.016), the number of education years before SCI (p = 0.007), household income (p < 0.001), having worked before SCI onset (p = 0.041), and environmental factors (p = 0.029) to be factors associated with employment after SCI. CONCLUSION The finding suggests multiple factors influence the employment rate, advocating for interdisciplinary rehabilitation approaches and social development interventions to address meaningful occupations in persons with SCI in South Africa.Implications for rehabilitationRehabilitation programs should be adapted and tailored to enhance physical independence.Public policies regarding environmental factors such as access to reliable transport, assistive devices, and public places for wheelchair users are important and could potentially support individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) becoming employed/re-employed.For successful social/community/civic reintegration for individuals with SCI an intersectional collaboration (i.e., between policymakers, health professionals, and the labor market) needs to be considered to improve the employment opportunities post-SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Bezuidenhout
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthea Rhoda
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Moulaee Conradsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical unit Occupational therapy & Physiotherapy, Theme Women's Health and Allied Health Professional, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Conran Joseph
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Mugisa R, Kironde EL, Mwaka ES. Quality of life of patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital in Uganda. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:521-533. [PMID: 38357147 PMCID: PMC10862569 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i3.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The study aimed to assess the perceived quality of life of patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries. Methodology This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Spine Unit of a tertiary hospital in Uganda. The study population comprised of patients with spinal cord injuries. Data were collected using the WHO Quality of Life Brief questionnaire and Functional Independence Measure tool. Results 103 patients participated in the study, most were male (73.8%), and had a mean age of 37.7 years. Most participants were married (57.3%), unemployed (72.8%) and had no steady source of income (62.1%). Road traffic accidents accounted for most injuries (59.2%). The mean duration since injury was 20.5 months. Most participants (58.3%) had incomplete spinal cord injuries and 84.5% had complications. The perceived overall quality of life was poor in 87.4% of patients. Being employed (p= 0.02), the presence of complications (p= 0.03), and injury severity (p= 0.003) significantly affected quality of life. Functional independent measure scores were significantly better in individuals less severe injuries and those with lumbar level of injury with mean scores of 113.1±8.9 and 99.9±15.3 respectively. Conclusion The overall self-reported quality of life among patients with traumatic spinal cord injury was generally poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogers Mugisa
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala
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Krause JS, Dismuke-Greer CE, Reed K, Backus D, Rumrill P. Gainful employment and earnings among those with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-191057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James S. Krause
- College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Clara E. Dismuke-Greer
- College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Karla Reed
- College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Philip Rumrill
- College of Education, Health, & Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Jorge A, White MD, Agarwal N. Outcomes in socioeconomically disadvantaged patients with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Spine 2018; 29:680-686. [PMID: 30265226 DOI: 10.3171/2018.5.spine171242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEIndividuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) in socioeconomically disadvantaged settings (e.g., rural or low income) have different outcomes than their counterparts; however, a contemporary literature review identifying and measuring these outcomes has not been published. Here, the authors' aim was to perform a systematic review and identify these parameters in the hope of providing tangible targets for future clinical research efforts.METHODSA systematic review was performed to find English-language articles published from 2007 to 2017 in the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases. Studies evaluating any outcomes related to patients with an SCI and in a low-resource setting were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and a flowchart was created. Of the 403 articles found, 31 underwent complete review and 26 were eligible for study inclusion. According to the current study criteria, any case studies, studies in less developed countries, studies including and not separating other types of neurological disorders, studies not assessing the effects of a low-resource setting on outcomes in patients with SCI, and studies evaluating the causes of SCI in a low-resource setting were excluded.RESULTSIn SCI patients, a lower income was a predictor of death (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.7-2.6, p = 0.0002). Moreover, secondary outcomes such as pain intensities (OR 3.32, 95% CI 2.21-4.49, p < 0.001), emergency room visits (11% more likely, p = 0.006), and pressure ulcer formation (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-3.0, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the lower income brackets. Rurality was also a factor and was significantly associated with increased emergency room visits (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1, p = 0.01) and lower outpatient service utilization (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.93, p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe authors showed that individuals in a low-resource setting who have suffered an SCI have significantly different outcomes than their counterparts. These specific outcomes are promising targets for future research efforts that focus on improving health conditions among this population.
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Badenhorst M, Brown JC, Lambert MI, Van Mechelen W, Verhagen E. Quality of life among individuals with rugby-related spinal cord injuries in South Africa: a descriptive cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020890. [PMID: 29961017 PMCID: PMC6045750 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rugby-related spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are rare but life altering and traumatic events. Little is known about the long-term consequences and outcomes of players who have sustained these injuries. This study investigated current quality of life (QoL) and factors associated with QoL, among individuals with rugby-related SCI in South Africa, by using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING Rugby-related SCI population of South Africa, as captured in the BokSmart/Chris Burger Petro Jackson Players' Fund database. PARTICIPANTS Ninety (n=90) of the 102 eligible players on the database agreed to participate in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The relationship between QoL, as measured with the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and specific independent variables (demographic information, level of independence and participation in various activities and life roles) was investigated. Variables that were significantly associated with QoL in bivariate analyses were included in multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS The mean score and SD of the WHOQOL-BREF was 15.1±2.3 arbitrary units. Participation (an ICF framework construct) and income were significantly associated with overall QoL (p<0.001). Participation was the only variable significantly associated with all QoL subdomains (p<0.001). Additionally, number of health concerns, type of healthcare (public vs private) and level of education were significantly associated with various QoL domains (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS On average, these individuals with rugby-related SCI presented with higher QoL scores than other comparable SCI studies. However, lower levels of participation and income, certain levels of education, increased health concerns and use of public healthcare were associated with lower levels of QoL. Sporting bodies have a responsibility to optimise player welfare, by acting on the modifiable factors associated with QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marelise Badenhorst
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James Craig Brown
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mike I Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Van Mechelen
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
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Blake J, Brooks J, Greenbaum H, Chan F. Attachment and Employment Outcomes for People With Spinal Cord Injury. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0034355215621036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to evaluate the mediation effect of hope on the relationship between attachment and full-time employment for people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Quantitative descriptive research design using logistic regression, multiple regression, and correlational techniques were used. Eighty-four persons with SCI were recruited from several SCI advocacy organizations in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The results show that secure attachment, anxious attachment, and hope were significantly related to employment. Hope was found to be a significant mediator of the relationship between attachment and full-time employment. Results provide support for the use of hope-based interventions by vocational rehabilitation counselors working with individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Blake
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | | | | | - Fong Chan
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA
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Umucu E, Lee B, Wu JR, Chan F, Blake J, Brooks J, Catalano D. Self-efficacy as a mediator for the relationship between secure attachment style and employment status in individuals with spinal cord injuries. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-160814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Umucu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Beatrice Lee
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jia-Rung Wu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fong Chan
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John Blake
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Noreau L, Noonan VK, Cobb J, Leblond J, Dumont FS. Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey: Understanding the Needs of Canadians with SCI. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2014; 20:265-76. [PMID: 25477740 PMCID: PMC4252127 DOI: 10.1310/sci2004-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of literature regarding service needs of people with SCI living in the community. Better assessment of expressed and met and unmet needs would help in the development of effective service delivery. OBJECTIVE From a national SCI Community Survey in Canada, the aim was to identify the most critical service needs of people living in the community at least 1 year post discharge from rehabilitation and the support they received to meet their needs. METHOD Data were collected mainly through a secure Web site and encompassed demographics, personal and household income, an SCI severity measure, and an SCI community needs measure containing information on 13 SCI-related needs. RESULTS A total of 1,549 persons with SCI (traumatic lesion, n = 1,137; nontraumatic lesion, n = 412) across Canada completed the survey. Most critical needs for community integration were expressed by a substantial proportion of survey participants, but significantly more expressed and met needs were reported by persons with a traumatic than a nontraumatic lesion. Personal and environmental characteristics influenced the probability of expressing and meeting needs (eg, severity of injury and household income). Help and support to meet expressed needs were received from government agencies, community organizations, and friends or family. CONCLUSION Better assessment of expressed and met or unmet needs for services remains a challenge but will serve as a tool to optimize service delivery in the community. Environmental barriers to services, particularly the process of getting needs met and associated costs, remain an issue that requires a reconsideration of some aspects of access to services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Noreau
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS) and Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Vanessa K. Noonan
- Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John Cobb
- Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jean Leblond
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS) and Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Frédéric S. Dumont
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS) and Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
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