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Rethinasabapathy M, Ghoreishian SM, Hwang SK, Han YK, Roh C, Huh YS. Recent Progress in Functional Nanomaterials towards the Storage, Separation, and Removal of Tritium. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301589. [PMID: 37435972 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Tritium is a sustainable next-generation prime fuel for generating nuclear energy through fusion reactions to fulfill the increasing global energy demand. Owing to the scarcity-high demand tradeoff, tritium must be bred inside a fusion reactor to ensure sustainability and must therefore be separated from its isotopes (protium and deuterium) in pure form, stored safely, and supplied on demand. Existing multistage isotope separation technologies exhibit low separation efficiency and require intensive energy inputs and large capital investments. Furthermore, tritium-contaminated heavy water constitutes a major fraction of nuclear waste, and accidents like the one at Fukushima Daiichi leave behind thousands of tons of diluted tritiated water, whose removal is beneficial from an environmental point of view. In this review, the recent progress and main research trends in hydrogen isotope storage and separation by focusing on the use of metal hydride (e.g., intermetallic, and high-entropy alloys), porous (e.g., zeolites and metal organic frameworks (MOFs)), and 2-D layered (e.g., graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and MXenes) materials to separate and store tritium based on their diverse functionalities are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future directions for implementing tritium storage and separation are summarized in the reviewed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muruganantham Rethinasabapathy
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung-Kyu Hwang
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Roh
- Decommissioning Technology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
- Nuclear Science and Technology, Quantum Energy Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Oh H, Moon HR. Hydrogen Isotope Separation in Confined Nanospaces: Carbons, Zeolites, Metal-Organic Frameworks, and Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805293. [PMID: 30589123 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges of modern separation technology is separating isotope mixtures in high purity. The separation of hydrogen isotopes can create immense economic value by producing valuable deuterium (D) and tritium (T), which are irreplaceable for various industrial and scientific applications. However, current separation methods suffer from low separation efficiency owing to the similar chemical properties of isotopes; thus, high-purity isotopes are not easily achieved. Recently, nanoporous materials have been proposed as promising candidates and are supported by a newly proposed separation mechanism, i.e., quantum effects. Herein, the fundamentals of the quantum sieving effect of hydrogen isotopes in nanoporous materials are discussed, which are mainly kinetic quantum sieving and chemical-affinity quantum sieving, including the recent advances in the analytical techniques. As examples of nanoporous materials, carbons, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks are addressed from computational and experimental standpoints. Understanding the quantum sieving effect in nanospaces and the tailoring of porous materials based on it will open up new opportunities to develop a highly efficient and advanced isotope separation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchul Oh
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi Ri Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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Kotoh K, Kawahara M, Kimura K, Kudo K. Thermal Transpiration Behavior of Hydrogen Isotopes in Cryogenic Pump System. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst09-a8898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kotoh
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawahara
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kudo
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Kotoh K, Tanaka M, Sakamoto T, Nakamura Y, Asakura Y, Uda T, Sugiyama T. Breakthrough Curve Analysis of Pressure Swing Adsorption for Hydrogen Isotope Separation. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst08-a1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kotoh
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. E-mail:
| | - M. Tanaka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Sakamoto
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Y. Nakamura
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Y. Asakura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Uda
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Sugiyama
- Faculty of Eng., Nagoya Univ., Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Kotoh K, Tanaka M, Nakamura Y, Sakamoto T, Asakura Y, Uda T, Sugiyama T. Experimental Verification of Hydrogen Isotope Separation by Pressure Swing Adsorption. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst08-a1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kotoh
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. E-mail:
| | - M. Tanaka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Nakamura
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. E-mail:
| | - T. Sakamoto
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Y. Asakura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Uda
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Sugiyama
- Faculty of Eng., Nagoya Univ., Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Kotoh K, Tanaka M, Tsuge T, Moriyama S, Takashima S, Asakura Y, Uda T, Sugiyama T. Successive Hydrogen Isotope Separation/Enrichment by Pressure Swing Adsorption Using SZ-13X Column. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kotoh
- Faculty, Kyushu University: Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University: Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - M. Tanaka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi-cho 322-6, Toki-city, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Tsuge
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University: Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - S. Moriyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University: Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - S. Takashima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University: Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Y. Asakura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi-cho 322-6, Toki-city, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Uda
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi-cho 322-6, Toki-city, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Sugiyama
- Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chigusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Kotoh K, Tanaka M, Sakamoto T, Takashima S, Tsuge T, Asakura Y, Udab T, Sugiyama T. Overshooting Breakthrough Curves Formed in Pressure Swing Adsorption Process for Hydrogen Isotope Separation. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst09-a8897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kotoh
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - M. Tanaka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Sakamoto
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - S. Takashima
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - T. Tsuge
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Y. Asakura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Udab
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Sugiyama
- Faculty of Eng., Nagoya Univ., Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Kotoh K, Tanaka M, Sakamoto T, Takashima S, Asakura T, Uda T, Sugiyama T. Multi-Component Behavior of Hydrogen Isotopes in Zeolite Packed-Beds Used for Cryogenic Pressure Swing Adsorption. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst09-a8899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kotoh
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - M. Tanaka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Sakamoto
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - S. Takashima
- Faculty of Eng., Kyushu Univ., 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - T. Asakura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Uda
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki-shi, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Sugiyama
- Faculty of Eng., Nagoya Univ., Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Kotoh K, Moriyama ST, Takashima S, Takahashi K. Breakthrough curves of non-trace H2–D2 mixture replacement adsorption with SZ-13X packed column at 77.4K. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Verification of hydrogen isotope separation by pressure swing adsorption process: Successive volume reduction of isotopic gas mixture using SZ-5A column. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Kotoh K, Tanaka M, Tsuge T, Moriyama S, Takashima S, Asakura Y, Uda T, Sugiyama T. Successive Volume Reduction of Hydrogen-Isotopic Gaseous Waste by Pressure Swing Adsorption Using SZ-13X Column. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kotoh
- Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University: Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University: Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - M. Tanaka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi-cho 322-6, Toki-city, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Tsuge
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University: Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - S. Moriyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University: Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - S. Takashima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University: Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Y. Asakura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi-cho 322-6, Toki-city, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Uda
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi-cho 322-6, Toki-city, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Sugiyama
- Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chigusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Kotoh K, Tanaka M, Takashima S, Tsuge T, Asakura Y, Uda T, Sugiyama T. Verification of hydrogen isotope separation/enrichment by pressure swing adsorption process: Successive enrichment of deuterium using SZ-5A column. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kotoh K, Takashima S, Sakamoto T, Tsuge T. Multi-component behaviors of hydrogen isotopes adsorbed on synthetic zeolites 4A and 5A at 77.4K and 87.3K. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kotoh K, Takashima S, Nakamura Y. Molecular-sieving effect of zeolite 3A on adsorption of H2, HD and D2. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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