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µRA-A New Compact Easy-to-Use Raman System for All Hydrogen Isotopologues. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22103952. [PMID: 35632366 PMCID: PMC9145740 DOI: 10.3390/s22103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new compact and cost-efficient Laser-Raman system for the simultaneous measurement of all six hydrogen isotopologues. The focus of this research was set on producing a tool that can be implemented in virtually any existing setup providing in situ process control and analytics. The “micro Raman (µRA)” system is completely fiber-coupled for an easy setup consisting of (i) a spectrometer/CCD unit, (ii) a 532 nm laser, and (iii) a commercial Raman head coupled with a newly developed, tritium-compatible all-metal sealed DN16CF flange/Raman window serving as the process interface. To simplify the operation, we developed our own software suite for instrument control, data acquisition, and data evaluation in real-time. We have given a detailed description of the system, showing the system’s capabilities in terms of the lower level of detection, and presented the results of a dedicated campaign using the accurate reference mixtures of all of the hydrogen isotopologues benchmarking µRA against two of the most sensitive Raman systems for tritium operation. Due to its modular nature, modifications that allow for the detection of various other gas species can be easily implemented.
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Priester F, Hillesheimer D, Marsteller A, Röllig M, Sturm M. Tritium Processing Systems and First Tritium Operation of the KATRIN Experiment. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2020.1730118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Priester
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmann von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - David Hillesheimer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmann von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Marsteller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmann von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marco Röllig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmann von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Sturm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmann von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Lai KF, Hermann V, Trivikram TM, Diouf M, Schlösser M, Ubachs W, Salumbides EJ. Precision measurement of the fundamental vibrational frequencies of tritium-bearing hydrogen molecules: T 2, DT, HT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8973-8987. [PMID: 32292981 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00596g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution coherent Raman spectroscopic measurements of all three tritium-containing molecular hydrogen isotopologues T2, DT and HT were performed to determine the ground electronic state fundamental Q-branch (v = 0 → 1, ΔJ = 0) transition frequencies at accuracies of 0.0005 cm-1. An over hundred-fold improvement in accuracy over previous experiments allows the comparison with the latest ab initio calculations in the framework of non-adiabatic perturbation theory including nonrelativisitic, relativisitic and QED contributions. Excellent agreement is found between experiment and theory, thus providing a verification of the validity of the NAPT-framework for these tritiated species. While the transition frequencies were corrected for ac-Stark shifts, the contributions of non-resonant background as well as quantum interference effects between resonant features in the nonlinear spectroscopy were quantitatively investigated, also leading to corrections to the transition frequencies. Methods of saturated CARS with the observation of Lamb dips, as well as the use of continuous-wave radiation for the Stokes frequency were explored, that might pave the way for future higher-accuracy CARS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-F Lai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - V Hermann
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - T M Trivikram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Diouf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Schlösser
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - W Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E J Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mirz S, Brunst T, Größle R, Krasch B. Concentrated Nonequilibrium HD for the Cross Calibration of Hydrogen Isotopologue Analytics. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2020.1711688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mirz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tim Brunst
- Technical University of Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Robin Größle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bennet Krasch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Welte S, Sturm M, Hillesheimer D, Le LT, Schäfer S, Fanghänel E, Priester F, Marsteller A. Tritium Supply and Processing for the First KATRIN Tritium Operation. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2019.1705681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Welte
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmannvon-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - M. Sturm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmannvon-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - D. Hillesheimer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmannvon-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - L. T. Le
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmannvon-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S. Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmannvon-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - E. Fanghänel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmannvon-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - F. Priester
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmannvon-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - A. Marsteller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Herrmannvon-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Mirz S, Groessle R, Kraus A. Optimization and quantification of the systematic effects of a rolling circle filter for spectral pre-processing. Analyst 2019; 144:4281-4287. [PMID: 31180082 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02476f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spectral pre-processing, especially baseline approximation, is a crucial part in quantitative spectroscopic applications, such as Raman or FTIR spectroscopy. Filters used for this task need to be optimized for their application, in order to achieve a sufficient baseline approximation while minimizing the distortion of the spectral lines. We propose a combined method that optimizes a rolling circle filter and quantifies the residual systematic influence on the spectral lines by a Monte Carlo approach that simulates and subsequently analyses spectra with known line properties and known maximum baseline curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mirz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Robin Groessle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Alexander Kraus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Rupp S, James TM, Telle HH, Schlösser M, Bornschein B. Enhanced Sensitivity of Raman Spectroscopy for Tritium Gas Analysis Using a Metal-Lined Hollow Glass Fiber. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-t76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rupp
- Fusion for Energy, Carrer J. Pla, 2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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Größle R, Kraus A, Mirz S, Wozniewski S. First Calibration of an IR Absorption Spectroscopy System for the Measurement of H 2, D 2, and HD Concentration in the Liquid Phase. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1291237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Größle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Alexander Kraus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mirz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wozniewski
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
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Rupp S, Off A, Seitz-Moskaliuk H, James TM, Telle HH. Improving the Detection Limit in a Capillary Raman System for In Situ Gas Analysis by Means of Fluorescence Reduction. SENSORS 2015; 15:23110-25. [PMID: 26378545 PMCID: PMC4610545 DOI: 10.3390/s150923110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy for low-pressure or trace gas analysis is rather challenging, in particular in process control applications requiring trace detection and real-time response; in general, enhancement techniques are required. One possible enhancement approach which enjoys increasing popularity makes use of an internally-reflective capillary as the gas cell. However, in the majority of cases, such capillary systems were often limited in their achievable sensitivity by a significant fluorescence background, which is generated as a consequence of interactions between the laser light and optical glass components in the setup. In order to understand and counteract these problems we have investigated a range of fluorescence-reducing measures, including the rearrangement of optical elements, and the replacement of glass components—including the capillary itself—by metal alternatives. These studies now have led to a capillary setup in which fluorescence is practically eliminated and substantial signal enhancement over standard Raman setups is achieved. With this improved (prototype) setup, detection limits of well below 1 mbar could be obtained in sub-second acquisition times, demonstrating the potential of capillary Raman spectroscopy for real-time, in situ gas sensing and process control applications, down to trace level concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rupp
- Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Andreas Off
- Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Seitz-Moskaliuk
- Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Timothy M James
- Institute for Technical Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Helmut H Telle
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Paseo Juan XXIII-1, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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