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Kulage Z, Cantrell T, Griswold J, Denton D, Garland M, Copping R, Mirzadeh S. Nuclear data for reactor production of 131Ba and 133Ba. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 172:109645. [PMID: 33689941 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The newest radioisotope for brachytherapy treatment of prostate cancer is 131Cs (t1/2 = 9.69 d, 100% EC). Generated via electron capture decay of 131Ba (t1/2 = 11.6 d, 100% EC), 131Cs has been used in brachytherapy for prostate cancer since 2004. The 131Ba parent is produced through neutron capture of enriched 130Ba in a nuclear reactor. For large-scale production of 131Ba, an accurate knowledge of production and burnup cross sections of 131Ba are essential. In this paper, we report two group cross sections (thermal and resonance integrals) for 130Ba and 131Ba and a new measure of the half-life of 131Ba. Targets consisting of milligram quantities of enriched 130Ba (∼35%) were irradiated in Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor at thermal and resonance neutron fluxes of (1.9-2.1) × 1015 and (5.8-7.0) × 1013 neutrons·cm-2 s-1, respectively, for durations ranging from 3 to 26 days. In addition, cadmium covered samples of 130Ba were irradiated for 1 hour at 12.6% full reactor power (10.7 MW). The yield of 131Ba approaches a saturation value of ∼60 GBq (∼1.6 Ci) per mg of 130Ba for 20 days irradiation at a thermal neutron flux of 1.8 × 1015 n·s-1·cm-2, with a thermal/epithermal ratio of ∼30. Under the above experimental conditions, the two group cross sections of 130Ba are 6.9 ± 0.5 b (thermal, σ0) and 173 ± 7 b (resonance, I0). These values represent the sum of cross sections to metastable and ground states of 131Ba. For 131Ba, the empirically measured thermal cross section is 200 ± 50 b assuming an I0/σ0 of 10. This cross section is reported for the first time. Further, the half-life of 131Ba was remeasured to be 11.657 ± 0.008 d. Lastly, this study also resulted in the co-production of 133Ba (t1/2 = 10.52 y, 100% EC). The experimental yield of 133Ba is ∼370 MBq (∼10 mCi) per mg of 132Ba (thin target) for one cycle irradiation in the High Flux Isotope Reactor, and measured two-group 132Ba cross sections are 7.2 ± 0.2 b and 39.9 ± 1.3 b. These values also represent the sum of cross sections to metastable and ground states of 133Ba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Kulage
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6226, USA; Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3133, USA
| | - Tyler Cantrell
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6226, USA; Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3133, USA
| | - Justin Griswold
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6226, USA
| | - David Denton
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6226, USA
| | - Marc Garland
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6226, USA
| | - Roy Copping
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6226, USA
| | - Saed Mirzadeh
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6226, USA.
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Benavente-Castillo J, Lacerda M, Ferreira A, Dalle H, Da Silva T. Assessment of the neutron radiation field with activation foils and intermittent irradiations around a PETtrace biomedical cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 153:108823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Halperin J, Johnston FJ, Stoughton RW, Oliver JH, Blevins EL, Druschel RE, Harkness AL, Swarz BA. The Average Capture/Fission Ratio of U233for Epithermal Neutrons. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse63-a26510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Halperin
- Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - F. J. Johnston
- Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - R. W. Stoughton
- Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - J. H. Oliver
- Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - E. L. Blevins
- Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - R. E. Druschel
- Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - A. L. Harkness
- Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - B. A. Swarz
- Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee
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Safford GJ, Havens WW. A Precision Measurement of the Total Cross Section of Pu239between 0.00291 and 0.1 e. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse61-a25986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Safford
- Columbia University, New York City
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
| | - W. W. Havens
- Columbia University, New York City
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
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Affiliation(s)
- W. S. Lyon
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
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Halperin J, O'Kelley GD, Oliver JH, Bigelow JE, Wiggins JT. Neutron Capture and Fission in254gEs. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse85-a17770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Halperin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - G. D. O'Kelley
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - J. H. Oliver
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - J. E. Bigelow
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - J. T. Wiggins
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
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Alexander CW, Halperin J, Knauer JB, Walker RL. The Thermal Neutron Capture Cross Sections and Resonance Integrals of144Sm and145Sm. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse87-a20448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. W. Alexander
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P. O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - J. Halperin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P. O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - J. B. Knauer
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P. O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - R. L. Walker
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P. O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
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Graham J, Landsberger S, Ferreira PJ, Ihlefeld J, Brennecka G. Neutron flux characterization techniques for radiation effects studies. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Measurements of the thermal neutron cross-sections and resonance integrals for 186W (n,γ) 187W and 98Mo (n,γ) 99Mo reactions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rajput MU, Maidana NL, Vanin VR, Dias MS, Koskinas MF. Measurement of thermal neutron cross section and resonance integral for the 165Ho(n, γ)166gHo reaction. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2009.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Garland MA, Mirzadeh S, Alexander CW, Hirtz GJ, Hobbs RW, Pertmer GA, Knapp FF. Neutron flux characterization of a peripheral target position in the High Flux Isotope Reactor. Appl Radiat Isot 2003; 59:63-72. [PMID: 12878125 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(03)00144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The High Flux Isotope Reactor at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory provides the highest steady-state thermal neutron flux in the western world for a wide range of experiments and for isotope production. The highest available fluxes are located in a flux trap region created inside the nested fuel elements. The experimentally determined thermal and the empirically obtained epithermal flux values along the vertical axis of the peripheral target position were fit to cosine curves, with the thermal flux ranging from 1.1 x 10(15)ns(-1)cm(-2) at outer positions to 1.5 x 10(15)ns(-1)cm(-2) at the center. The corresponding epithermal flux ranged from 3.5 x 10(13) to 7.5 x 10(13)ns(-1)cm(-2), respectively. The fast neutron flux (En > or = 0.32 MeV in two positions and En > or = 1.5 MeV in two other positions) was approximately 6 x 10(14)ns(-1)cm(-2), corresponding to a fast to thermal ratio of approximately 0.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Garland
- Nuclear Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Mail Stop 6229, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6229, USA
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Eissa EA, Rofail NB, Ashmawy LS, Hassan AM. Neutron activation analysis of an Egyptian monazite ore sample. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/s10582-999-0042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mirzadeh S, Knapp F, Alexander C, Mausner L. Evaluation of neutron inelastic scattering for radioisotope production. Appl Radiat Isot 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(96)00284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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The use of element ratios to eliminate analytical bias in cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02038220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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de Corte F, Bellemans F, De Neve P, Simonits A. The use of a modified Westcott-formalism in thek o-standardization of NAA: The state of affairs. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02037929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khrbish YS, Spyrou NM. Prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis by the absolute method. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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The accuracy and precision of the experimental α-determination in the 1/E1+α epithermal reactor-neutron spectrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02517354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bereznai T. Methods, problems and trends of standardization in multielement reactor neutron activation analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00470923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The epithermal neutron flux distribution in a nuclear reactor and its effect on epithermal neutron activation analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02519610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bereznai T, Bódizs D, Keömley G. Investigations on the comparator technique used in epithermal neutron activation analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02517018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Determination of noble metals by resonance neutron activation technique. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02520764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gryntakis EM, Kim JI. A compilation of resonance integrals part I, Z=1–52 (hydrogen-tellurium). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02516899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Simonits A, Corte F, Hoste J. Single-comparator methods in reactor neutron activation analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02514380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Linden R, Corte F, Hoste J. A compilation of infinite dilution resonance integrals, II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02514313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alstad J, Jahnsen T, Pappas A. Thermal neutron capture cross section and resonance capture integral of the lanthanide nuclei 14Ce, 142Ce, 146Nd, 158Nd, 150Nd and 159Tb. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(67)80268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Laletin NI. The differential equation for the thermalization of neutrons in infinite homogeneous media. ATOM ENERGY+ 1964. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01121891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mason EA, Larrimore JA. Effect of Specific Power on Fuel Reactivity and Costs in Thorium-Fueled Reactors. NUCL SCI ENG 1961. [DOI: 10.13182/nse61-a25884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Mason
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - J. A. Larrimore
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Blessing WG. Techniques for the Irradiation of Ceramic Fuels in a Moderate Thermal Neutron Flux. NUCL SCI ENG 1960. [DOI: 10.13182/nse60-a25785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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