[Analysis of clinical features of secondary benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]

[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo associated with trauma, middle and inner ear diseases]

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study is to compare clinical symptoms and treatment of posttraumatic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), BPPV associated with middle and inner ear diseases and idiopathic BPPV (iBPPV).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

640 patients with BPPV of various canals were enrolled in the study. 455 (71.1%) patients had iBPPV, 185 (28.9%) had secondary BPPV. Among patients with secondary BPPV in 16 (2.5%) patients it was associated with Meniere's disease (MD), in 34 (5.3%) patients - with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL), in 14 (2.2%) patients - with vestibular neuritis (VN), in 19 (2.9%) patients - with acute and chronic otitis media (OM) and in 75 (11.7%) patients - with chronic sensorineural hearing loss (CSHL). Posttraumatic BPPV was observed in 27 (4.2%) patients. All patients were treated with repositioning maneuvers and observed for recurrences the following 3 years.

RESULTS

IBPPV is the most frequent type in population and has the most favorable prognosis. Combined involvement of posterior and horizontal canals is more frequent in BPPV associated with MD, SSHL and OM in comparison with iBPPV (p<0.01). BPPV associated with BM, SSHL and VN is more resistant to treatment with repositioning maneuvers in comparison with iBPPV: successful treatment with one performed maneuver is more rarely and more follow-up visits to the doctor are needed (p<0.01). BPPV associated with MD has higher recurrence rate (p=0.04). The clinical course of BPPV associated with CSHL and posttraumatic BPPV is most similar to iBPPV.