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Promoting Older Adult Health with Interprofessional Education through Community Based Health Screening. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116513. [PMID: 35682097 PMCID: PMC9180036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IPHARM (ImProving Health Among Rural Montanans) is a university-based community health screening program that provides valuable interprofessional teamwork and clinical skills training for health care students while addressing the health of older adults. Students perform a variety of health care screenings dependent on the health care professions present and the requests of the community group served. Education, counseling, and recommendations for participants are provided by the interprofessional student teams under supervision and guidance from faculty and clinicians. Supported in part by federal grants such as the Health Service and Resource Administration Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (HRSA GWEP), IPHARM has provided interprofessional training for over 2100 students and conducted over 30,000 health screenings at 814 different community events. Surveys from students indicate that the experience promotes effective interprofessional team skills related to communication, an increased understanding of the roles and responsibilities of the health care team, and how to positively impact the health of older adults. These interprofessional screening events for older adults, conducted in the community by health professions students and faculty, help prepare the future workforce for collaborative and effective health care delivery. The purpose of this article is to describe the IPHARM objectives, methods, and impact this program has had on the health of older adults and the training of our future health care workforce.
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Migliaccio CAL, Ballou S, Buford M, Orr A, Migliaccio C. Providing APPE pharmacy students rural health assessment experience following wildfire event in western Montana. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2021; 13:560-565. [PMID: 33795111 PMCID: PMC8024614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We describe a novel, interprofessional, experiential training involving pharmacy students in response to a health emergency in rural Montana (MT). EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING Fourth-year pharmacy students on clinical rotations were recruited to participate in screening events assessing effects of wildfire smoke in Seeley Lake, MT. Students were required to fulfill at least two hours of supplementary training in addition to education on human research guidelines. Students assisted with patient surveys (demographics, health, and respiratory), physiological testing with biomedical researchers, blood pressure and medication counseling, and spirometry specialists. FINDINGS At least 20 pharmacy students have participated in this project in addition to nursing (n = 8), public health (n = 1), and social work (n = 1) students. In initial and subsequent screenings, students worked alongside a team of biomedical researchers and faculty from the University of Montana. An initial cohort of 95 patients was recruited. SUMMARY This unique experiential training opportunity has afforded pharmacy students access to rural community patient interaction and exposure to and performance of a variety of tests in response to an environmental health emergency. Furthermore, it enabled health professionals and researchers to assess individual and overall community health following an extreme wildfire smoke event, providing the groundwork for utilization of pharmacy students in healthcare responses to public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristi A L Migliaccio
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Sarah Ballou
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Mary Buford
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Ava Orr
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Christopher Migliaccio
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, MT 59812, 32 Campus Drive, Skaggs 062D, Missoula, MT 59812, United States.
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Elliott JP, Christian SN, Doong K, Hardy HE, Mendez DD, Gary-Webb TL. Pharmacist Involvement in Addressing Public Health Priorities and Community Needs: The Allegheny County Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) Project. Prev Chronic Dis 2021; 18:E07. [PMID: 33507859 PMCID: PMC7845549 DOI: 10.5888/pcd18.200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Community–clinical linkages are connections between community and clinical sectors to improve population health, and community-based pharmacists are well positioned to implement this strategy. We implemented a novel approach to community–clinical linkages in African American communities in which community-based pharmacists implement screenings for chronic disease and social determinants of health, make referrals to clinical and social services, and follow up with patients to support linkage to care in nontraditional health care settings. The community-based pharmacist navigation program works with multisector partners to increase referrals and access to existing health and social service programs. We used a mixed-methods evaluation approach to collect and analyze data on program characteristics and the linkage intervention. From February 2019 to March 2020, 702 African American community members received preventive health screenings, and 508 (72%) were referred to clinical and social services. Pharmacists demonstrated the ability to implement clinical preventive services in nontraditional health care settings and improve access to care through the provision of community–clinical linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Padden Elliott
- Duquesne University, Center for Integrative Health, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Duquesne University, 308 Bayer Learning Center, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15282.
| | - Stephanie N Christian
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katie Doong
- Giant Eagle Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah E Hardy
- Allegheny County Health Department, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dara D Mendez
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffany L Gary-Webb
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Carey TA, Sirett D, Wakerman J, Russell D, Humphreys JS. What principles should guide visiting primary health care services in rural and remote communities? Lessons from a systematic review. Aust J Rural Health 2018; 26:146-156. [DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Carey
- Centre for Remote Health Flinders University Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia
| | - David Sirett
- Centre for Remote Health Flinders University Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia
| | - John Wakerman
- Flinders NT Flinders University Darwin Northern Territory Australia
| | - Deborah Russell
- School of Rural Health Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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Bastianelli KMS, Nelson L, Palombi L. Perceptions of pharmacists' role in the health care team through student-pharmacist led point-of-care screenings and its future application in health care. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2017; 9:195-200. [PMID: 29233403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The public is largely unaware of changing pharmacy roles and continues to underutilize pharmacists as mainly a dispensing service, often overlooking direct patient care components. This paper evaluates the public perceptions of pharmacists' through student led point-of-care screenings and comprehensive medication reviews. METHODS An IRB approved longitudinal retrospective study design was used to survey participants who attended College of Pharmacy sponsored health fairs in 2013. The survey contained questions related to patient understanding of the current pharmacy scope of practice, patient's reported level of comfort with the expanding roles of pharmacy, insurance coverage, demographics, income and whom the patients report that they seek first for medical related advice. RESULTS One hundred participants were surveyed. By a large majority, the health care practitioner that patients reported that they currently sought out for general health information was a physician. All of the participants reported that they considered pharmacists as reliable sources of general health information. Of the 96 participants that completed the survey question regarding their willingness to seek out a pharmacist in the future to have their blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, and/or bone density checked, 89 (92.7%) surveyed answered yes. Only 50 patients (50%) reported being aware that pharmacists have the capability to perform these point-of-care screenings. Participants responded that they felt "comfortable" (78 patients, 83.4%) followed by "trusting" (36 patients, 38.7%). DISCUSSION The patients surveyed recognized pharmacists as the medication experts; however, many did not understand the capacity to which pharmacists' scope of practice allows them to deliver care to patients. In this study, almost all of the patients stated that they would consider seeking out a pharmacist to receive point-of-care screenings, but only half were aware that a pharmacist is capable of conducting these screenings. All felt that pharmacists are a reliable source of general health information and medication related needs, regardless of the patients' education level or household income. CONCLUSION With the shortage of primary care providers, expansion of the scope of pharmaceutical practice is necessary. Although the public may not fully understand pharmacists' scope of practice, they are comfortable with pharmacists' knowledge related to general health needs outside of medications. The reported public comfort and trust of pharmacist knowledge and skills justify expanding the scope of pharmaceutical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Nelson
- University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Duluth, 55812 MN, United States.
| | - Laura Palombi
- University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Duluth, 55812 MN, United States.
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Cawley MJ, Warning WJ. Pharmacists performing quality spirometry testing: an evidence based review. Int J Clin Pharm 2015; 37:726-33. [PMID: 26148860 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-015-0160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scope of pharmacist services for patients with pulmonary disease has primarily focused on drug related outcomes; however pharmacists have the ability to broaden the scope of clinical services by performing diagnostic testing including quality spirometry testing. Studies have demonstrated that pharmacists can perform quality spirometry testing based upon international guidelines. AIM OF THE REVIEW The primary aim of this review was to assess the published evidence of pharmacists performing quality spirometry testing based upon American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guidelines. In order to accomplish this, the description of evidence and type of outcome from these services were reviewed. METHODS A literature search was conducted using five databases [PubMed (1946-January 2015), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970 to January 2015), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews] with search terms including pharmacy, spirometry, pulmonary function, asthma or COPD was conducted. Searches were limited to publications in English and reported in humans. In addition, Uniform Resource Locators and Google Scholar searches were implemented to include any additional supplemental information. RESULTS Eight studies (six prospective multi-center trials, two retrospective single center studies) were included. Pharmacists in all studies received specialized training in performing spirometry testing. Of the eight studies meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 (100%) demonstrated acceptable repeatability of spirometry testing based upon standards set by the ATS/ERS guidelines. Acceptable repeatability of seven studies ranged from 70 to 99% consistent with published data. CONCLUSION Available evidence suggests that quality spirometry testing can be performed by pharmacists. More prospective studies are needed to add to the current evidence of quality spirometry testing performed by pharmacists and to measure health outcomes of the pulmonary patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cawley
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy Administration, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4495, USA.
| | - William J Warning
- Family Medicine Residency Program, Crozer-Keystone Center for Family Health, Springfield, PA, USA
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Palombi LC, Bastianelli K, Stratton T. Point-of-care screenings at the University of Minnesota: mechanism for civic engagement. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2014; 54:56-62. [PMID: 24407741 DOI: 10.1331/japha.2014.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe Wellness Initiative of the Northland (WIN) screening events; present participant results from those events; discuss the benefits of pharmacist-conducted, community-based point-of-care (POC) testing to medically underserved patients and to the profession of pharmacy; and describe logistical considerations in launching disease screening services. SETTING Pharmacist-led community health fairs in a variety of settings, including shopping malls, churches, community pharmacies, senior residence facilities, critical-access hospitals, and clinics. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION Disease screenings for economically disadvantaged residents of northeastern Minnesota and northwest Wisconsin, held between 2005 and 2012, through WIN. PRACTICE INNOVATION Mobile POC screenings for dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and osteoporosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Percentage of screenings with out-of-range readings. RESULTS Since 2005, WIN screenings have served more than 2,000 individuals, providing 4,152 POC screenings. Out-of-range readings were obtained for 40.3% of fingerstick cholesterol tests, 24.8% of fingerstick blood glucose tests, 24.3% of blood pressure tests, and 38.7% of quantitative ultrasound heel bone density readings. CONCLUSION Community-conducted POC testing functions both as an important public health service and a mechanism by which pharmacists and student pharmacists can become involved in civic engagement.
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Lam AY, Plein JB, Hudgins G, Stratton MA. Silos to systems: three models for developing geriatric interprofessional education. THE CONSULTANT PHARMACIST : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CONSULTANT PHARMACISTS 2013; 28:122-33. [PMID: 23395812 DOI: 10.4140/tcp.n.2013.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe three interprofessional education (IPE) programs in geriatrics and to encourage senior care pharmacists' innovation and participation in IPE teaching. DESIGN Description of three geriatric IPE programs showing how pharmacy faculty along with colleagues in other health professions established, conducted, and evaluated their respective IPE programs. SETTING Schools of pharmacy and their affiliated interprofessional geriatric clerkship sites. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Reported are program histories, participating health professions, teaching objectives, program designs and operations, outcomes, funding sources, challenges and barriers encountered, and strategies to overcome problems. Learning activities to enable students to achieve competencies recommended by the Institute of Medicine and the Partnership for Health in Aging are described for each of the three IPE programs. RESULTS All three programs provide learning activities that help students achieve core interprofessional competencies. The two programs in which students, with preceptor supervision, have provided direct patient care services have long histories, despite challenges and barriers. The third program has established curriculum plans that will be implemented upon resolution of challenges. CONCLUSION Successful geriatric IPE programs can be established and conducted in various practice settings. Program sustainability requires participation and interaction of faculty, site preceptors, and students of multiple health professions; administrative and funding support of collaborating partners; and a curriculum that fosters teamwork, shared responsibilities, and joint decision-making while delivering patient-centered care. Senior care pharmacists need to be proactive partners in establishing and conducting IPE in geriatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Y Lam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington 98195-7630, USA.
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Fuller L, Conrad WF, Heaton PC, Panos R, Eschenbacher W, Frede SM. Pharmacist-managed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening in a community setting. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2012; 52:e59-66. [DOI: 10.1331/japha.2012.11100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Haag JD, Stratton TP. Patient care services in rural Minnesota community pharmacies. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2010; 50:508-16. [PMID: 20621869 DOI: 10.1331/japha.2010.09134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the availability of medication therapy management (MTM) services, point-of-care (POC) testing, and disease management resources between rural and urban Minnesota community pharmacies. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Minnesota in 2006. PARTICIPANTS Owners and operational managers of 564 Minnesota community pharmacies. INTERVENTION Mail survey containing structured, quantitative questions. Resulting data were separated to evaluate urban and rural area community pharmacies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Staffing trends, MTM services, and patient care services of urban compared with rural community pharmacies in Minnesota. RESULTS Urban and rural pharmacies reported allocating nearly the same percent of a typical day to filling and dispensing prescriptions (approximately 70%). A higher percent of rural community pharmacies offered patient care services in 5 of 15 categories, including drug information services (55.7% vs. 45.6%), provision of durable medical equipment (43.4% vs. 32.6%), dyslipidemia management (7.8% vs. 3.8%), hypertension management (14.6%% vs. 7.3%), and MTM (29.4% vs. 18.7%). CONCLUSION Although the time allocated to dispensing medication was approximately 70% for both urban and rural pharmacies, a significantly higher proportion of rural pharmacies reported providing MTM and other direct patient care services. This may be a result of geographic isolation and greater use of pharmacists as providers of first-contact care in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Haag
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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