Obreli-Neto PR, Marques dos Reis T, Guidoni CM, Girotto E, Guerra ML, de Oliveira Baldoni A, Leira Pereira LR. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Continuing Education Programs on Providing Clinical Community Pharmacy Services.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2016;
80:88. [PMID:
27402991 PMCID:
PMC4937983 DOI:
10.5688/ajpe80588]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To summarize the effects of media methods used in continuing education (CE) programs on providing clinical community pharmacy services and the methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs. Methods. A systematic review was performed using Medline, SciELO, and Scopus databases. The timeline of the search was 1990 to 2013. Searches were conducted in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Results. Nineteen articles of 3990 were included. Fourteen studies used only one media method, and the live method (n=11) was the most frequent (alone or in combination). Only two studies found that the CE program was ineffective or partially effective; these studies used only the live method. Most studies used nonrobust, nonvalidated, and nonstandardized methods to measure effectiveness. The majority of studies focused on the effect of the CE program on modifying the knowledge and skills of the pharmacists. One study assessed the CE program's benefits to patients or clients. Conclusion. No evidence was obtained regarding which media methods are the most effective. Robust and validated methods, as well as assessment standardization, are required to clearly determine whether a particular media method is effective.
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