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Adiponectin and Nitric Oxide Deficiency-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Fatigued Home-Resident in Mature and Older Adults: A Case-Control Study. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:7480579. [PMID: 35600795 PMCID: PMC9117056 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7480579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study explores the underlying factors of cognitive abilities in relation to the expression of adiponectin and nitric oxide, fatigue, and other cofounder variables such as physical activity, diabetes, and adiposity status in healthy home-resident mature and older adults. Background Fatigue has been shown to be correlated with many metabolic and psychiatric conditions, such as cognitive, neurological, musculoskeletal, and hormonal disorders, as well as physical and unhealthy lifestyles. Methods A total of 85 home residents aged 50–85 years participated in this case-control study. Mental, fatigue, and pain status were assessed by the cognitive assessment (LOTCA), fatigue questionnaire (CIS20r), and pain score (0–10). VO2 max and the prevalidated global physical activity questionnaire were used to estimate physical status. The levels of adiponectin, nitric oxide (NO), and variables related to diabetes, such as blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c %), were assessed using ELISA and spectrophotometric immunoassays. Results The participants were classified according to the CIS-fatigue score into two groups: the healthy group (n = 40) and the fatigue group (n = 45). In fatigued subjects, LOTCA scores as a measure of cognitive performance significantly decreased (65.97 ± 7.17; P = 0.01) as compared with healthy subjects (LOTCA scores, 94.2 ± 7.5). The results of cognitive performance domains (LOTCA seven-subset scores) showed a significant decrease in the scores of orientation, visual perception, spatial perception, motor praxis, vasomotor organization, thinking operations, attention, and concentration in older subjects with fatigue compared with healthy subjects. In addition, pain scores significantly increased, and the expression of both nitric oxide (NO) and adiponectin significantly reduced in older adults with fatigue as compared with healthy controls. The decline in cognitive abilities among older adults with fatigue is significantly associated with the CIS-fatigue score, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, pain status, diabetes, and reduction in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), and adiponectin. Moreover, in fatigued cases, the expression of both NO and adiponectin was significantly correlated with CIS-fatigue score, physical activity, obesity, and diabetes, which indicates its availability as diagnostic markers for cognition in mature and older adults with fatigue. Conclusion In the present study, the data concluded that cognitive abilities were significantly associated with the lower expression of adiponectin and NO as endothelial vascular markers in association with fatigue among home-resident older adults. In addition, the reduction in cognition was significantly affected by other parameters, such as diabetes, obesity, and unhealthy sedentary life activities. Moreover, the results might recommend the use of cellular adiponectin and NO as diagnostic indicators of cognitive abilities in fatigued mature and older adults. However, more studies on larger sample sizes are required.
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Hundal S, Green J. Experience of Western Herbal Medicine practitioners in supporting brain health in mid-life and older patients: a qualitative research study. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Song K, Liu X, Zheng Q, Zhang L, Zhang H, Yu H, Zhu Y, Huang LA, Chen Y. Secondary injury to distal regions after intracerebral hemorrhage influence neurological functional outcome. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4283-4298. [PMID: 32146443 PMCID: PMC7093199 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have focused on functional impairment after intracerebral hemorrhage, little is known about the relationship between secondary injuries to distal regions and neurological function. Our study aimed to evaluate the secondary injuries after intracerebral hemorrhage and explore their relationship to neurological functional outcome. Twenty-one patients with hemorrhages in supratentorial, deep locations and 10 healthy subjects were recruited. Longitudinal examinations of diffusion tensor imaging, hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging and neuropsychological assessment were performed after weeks 1 and 12 to elucidate the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging parameters and neurologic outcomes. By week 12, motor function had significantly improved, but cognitive function had deteriorated compared to week 1. Fractional anisotropy values for the ipsilateral cerebral peduncle correlated with motor function at week 1. No significant correlation between fractional anisotropy for the ipsilateral cerebral peduncle and the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale was found at week 12. Fractional anisotropy values for the ipsilateral hippocampus were related to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination at weeks 1 and 12. Deep supratentorial hemorrhage may result in injury to distal regions, which correlate with impaired motor and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Song
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.,Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuyue Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-An Huang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingzhu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
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O'Brien JT, Holmes C, Jones M, Jones R, Livingston G, McKeith I, Mittler P, Passmore P, Ritchie C, Robinson L, Sampson EL, Taylor JP, Thomas A, Burns A. Clinical practice with anti-dementia drugs: A revised (third) consensus statement from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:147-168. [PMID: 28103749 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116680924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The British Association for Psychopharmacology coordinated a meeting of experts to review and revise its previous 2011 guidelines for clinical practice with anti-dementia drugs. As before, levels of evidence were rated using accepted standards which were then translated into grades of recommendation A-D, with A having the strongest evidence base (from randomised controlled trials) and D the weakest (case studies or expert opinion). Current clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia have sufficient accuracy to be applied in clinical practice (B) and both structural (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) and functional (positron emission tomography and single photon emission computerised tomography) brain imaging can improve diagnostic accuracy in particular situations (B). Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) are effective for cognition in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (A), memantine for moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (A) and combination therapy (cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine) may be beneficial (B). Drugs should not be stopped just because dementia severity increases (A). Until further evidence is available other drugs, including statins, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin E, nutritional supplements and Ginkgo biloba, cannot be recommended either for the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer's disease (A). Neither cholinesterase inhibitors nor memantine are effective in those with mild cognitive impairment (A). Cholinesterase inhibitors are not effective in frontotemporal dementia and may cause agitation (A), though selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may help behavioural (but not cognitive) features (B). Cholinesterase inhibitors should be used for the treatment of people with Lewy body dementias (both Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies), and memantine may be helpful (A). No drugs are clearly effective in vascular dementia, though cholinesterase inhibitors are beneficial in mixed dementia (B). Early evidence suggests multifactorial interventions may have potential to prevent or delay the onset of dementia (B). Though the consensus statement focuses on medication, psychological interventions can be effective in addition to pharmacotherapy, both for cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. Many novel pharmacological approaches involving strategies to reduce amyloid and/or tau deposition in those with or at high risk of Alzheimer's disease are in progress. Though results of pivotal studies in early (prodromal/mild) Alzheimer's disease are awaited, results to date in more established (mild to moderate) Alzheimer's disease have been equivocal and no disease modifying agents are either licensed or can be currently recommended for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Jones
- 3 Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,4 University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Roy Jones
- 5 The Research Institute for the Care of Older People, Bath, UK.,6 University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Craig Ritchie
- 10 Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Kim DY, Kim YH, Lee J, Chang WH, Kim MW, Pyun SB, Yoo WK, Ohn SH, Park KD, Oh BM, Lim SH, Jung KJ, Ryu BJ, Im S, Jee SJ, Seo HG, Rah UW, Park JH, Sohn MK, Chun MH, Shin HS, Lee SJ, Lee YS, Park SW, Park YG, Paik NJ, Lee SG, Lee JK, Koh SE, Kim DK, Park GY, Shin YI, Ko MH, Kim YW, Yoo SD, Kim EJ, Oh MK, Chang JH, Jung SH, Kim TW, Kim WS, Kim DH, Park TH, Lee KS, Hwang BY, Song YJ. Clinical Practice Guideline for Stroke Rehabilitation in Korea 2016. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2017. [DOI: 10.12786/bn.2017.10.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deog Young Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Korea
| | - Won Hyuk Chang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea
| | - Min-Wook Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea
| | - Sung-Bom Pyun
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Suk Hoon Ohn
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Ki Deok Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Byung-Mo Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea
| | - Kang Jae Jung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Eulji University Hospital & Eulji University School of Medicine, Korea
| | - Byung-Ju Ryu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sahmyook Medical Center, Korea
| | - Sun Im
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea
| | - Sung Ju Jee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Han Gil Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Ueon Woo Rah
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea
| | - Min Kyun Sohn
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Min Ho Chun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Hee Suk Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Seong Jae Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine Dankook University, Korea
| | - Yang-Soo Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Korea
| | - Si-Woon Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St Mary's Hospital, Korea
| | - Yoon Ghil Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Nam Jong Paik
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Sam-Gyu Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
| | - Ju Kang Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Koh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Korea
| | - Geun-Young Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea
| | - Yong Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Ko
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Korea
| | - Yong Wook Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Seung Don Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Rehabilitation Hospital, Korea
| | - Min-Kyun Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeok Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Se Hee Jung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Kim
- TBI rehabilitation center, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea
| | - Byong-Yong Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yong-In University College of Health & Welfare, Korea
| | - Young Jin Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Korea
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Acupuncture for Vascular Dementia: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:161439. [PMID: 26495416 PMCID: PMC4606072 DOI: 10.1155/2015/161439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this trial, patients who agreed to random assignment were allocated to a randomized acupuncture group (R-acupuncture group) or control group. Those who declined randomization were assigned to a nonrandomized acupuncture group (NR-acupuncture group). Patients in the R-acupuncture group and NR-acupuncture group received up to 21 acupuncture sessions during a period of 6 weeks plus routine care, while the control group received routine care alone. Cognitive function, activities of daily living, and quality of life were assessed by mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL), and dementia quality of life questionnaire (DEMQOL), respectively. All the data were collected at baseline, after 6-week treatment, and after 4-week follow-up. No significant differences of MMSE scores were observed among the three groups but pooled-acupuncture group had significant higher score than control group. Compared to control group, ADL score significantly decreased in NR-acupuncture group and pooled-acupuncture group. For DEMQOL scores, no significant differences were observed among the three groups, as well as between pooled-acupuncture group and control group. Additional acupuncture to routine care may have beneficial effects on the improvements of cognitive status and activities of daily living but have limited efficacy on health-related quality of life in VaD patients.
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Rojas-Fernandez CH, Patel T, Lee L. An interdisciplinary memory clinic: a novel practice setting for pharmacists in primary care. Ann Pharmacother 2014; 48:785-95. [PMID: 24651163 DOI: 10.1177/1060028014526857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacists have developed innovative practices in various settings as singular providers or as members of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary teams. Examples include pharmacists practicing in heart failure, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia clinics. There is a paucity of literature describing pharmacists in interdisciplinary memory clinics and specifically pharmacists practicing in interdisciplinary, primary care-based memory clinics. New practice models should be disseminated to guide others in the development of similar models given the complexity of this population. Patients with dementia are more difficult to manage because of cognitive impairment, behavioral and psychological symptoms, the common presence of multiple comorbidities, and related polypharmacy and caregiver issues. These challenges require expertise in neurodegenerative disorders and geriatrics. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of clinical pharmacists providing care to patients with cognitive complaints in a primary care-based, interdisciplinary memory clinic, with a focus on how the pharmacist practices and is integrated in this collaborative care setting. Patients are assessed using an interdisciplinary approach, with team consensus for assessment and planning of care. Pharmacists' activities include assessment of (1) appropriateness of medications based on frailty, (2) medications that can impair cognition and/or function, (3) medication adherence and management skills, and (4) vascular risk factor control. Pharmacists provide education regarding medications and diseases, ensure appropriate transitions in care, and conduct home visits. Pharmacist participation in this clinic represents a novel opportunity to advance pharmacy practice in primary care, interdisciplinary models. Work is ongoing to describe outcomes attributable to pharmacist participation in this clinic.
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Farid K, Zhang Y, Bachelier D, Gilson P, Teixeira A, Safar ME, Blacher J. Cognitive impairment and malnutrition, predictors of all-cause mortality in hospitalized elderly subjects with cardiovascular disease. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 106:188-95. [PMID: 23706364 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the elderly, cognitive impairment is associated with loss of independence and may be predictive of mortality. AIMS Our aim was to determine if cognitive impairment correlated to poor prognosis in an elderly (>70 years) hospitalized population with cardiovascular diseases. Our other goal was to explore other factors that might influence mortality risk. Better understanding of these factors should help practitioners select tools to assess these patients and prevent the occurrence of adverse outcomes. METHODS During 4 years of follow-up, medical events and all-cause mortality were reported in 331 patients aged above 70 years, as well as clinical and biological variables and Mini Mental State Examination scores. RESULTS Patients with cognitive impairment were older and had a lower body mass index than patients without cognitive impairment (P=0.023). When all factors were forced into the Cox model, cognitive impairment remained an independent predictor of mortality (P<0.001). High plasma glucose, low body mass index and low plasma albumin were associated with overall mortality, independent of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION In elderly inpatients aged above 70 years with cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairment and malnutrition are associated, and both are predictors of all-cause mortality. Early nutrition programmes may help to delay mortality, as well as screening the impairment of neuropsychological functioning using the total Mini Mental State Examination score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Farid
- UMR U557 Inserm, U1125 Inra, CNAM, université Paris 13, CRNH Île-de-France, Bobigny, France
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Meguro K, Akanuma K, Meguro M, Kasai M, Ishii H, Yamaguchi S. Prognosis of Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment Includes Vascular Dementia Onset and Death by Cardiovascular Disease: Reanalysis From the Osaki-Tajiri Project. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2012; 21:607-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Brain perfusion SPECT imaging and acetazolamide challenge in vascular cognitive impairment. Nucl Med Commun 2012; 33:571-80. [PMID: 22495081 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e328351d583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is recognized as a common cause of cognitive impairment and dementia, alone or coexisting with other neurodegenerative diseases, mostly Alzheimer's disease. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a part of the heterogenous disorders group related to cerebral vessel disease. Although age is one of the most important risk factors for VCI, other common cardiovascular risk factors are also involved. By investigating these risk factors, a high proportion of these cognitive disorders can be prevented and/or delayed. Until now, only treatment of midlife arterial hypertension has been recognized as a preventing factor of vascular dementia. Brain MRI is becoming the method of choice to investigate cerebral vascular pathologies. However, this form of morphological imaging remains inadequate and does not provide useful functional information during VCI exploration, despite which functional imaging such as brain perfusion single-photon computed tomography, performed in baseline conditions and/or after an acetazolamide challenge, is underutilized in VCI exploration. The common strategies for VCI screening have not been standardized until now, and therefore further long-term imaging studies are needed to establish early diagnostic protocols. The present review summarizes the potential benefits of brain perfusion single-photon computed tomography imaging and possible scintigraphic quantification of cerebral hemodynamic reserves in investigation of VCI.
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Nitric oxide plasma concentration associated with cognitive impairment in patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Neurosci Lett 2012; 510:127-31. [PMID: 22273980 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Depressive disorders are multifactorial diseases, in which cognitive impairment is one of the characteristic feature. One of the molecules that regulate of various cognitive, emotional and behavioural processes is nitric oxide (NO), synthesized from l-arginine by a family of isoformic enzymes known as nitric oxide synthases (NOS). NO is a gaseous compounds that acts as a biological second messenger in a number of organ system. In addition, NO is a ubiquitous free radical (NO) that affects many normal physiologic functions but is also implicated in the etiology and progression of many diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of NO in patients with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) and to define relationship between plasma NO levels and the cognitive performance. METHODS The study comprised 78 subjects: patients with rDD (n=45), healthy controls (CG, n=33). Cognitive function assessment was based on: TMT, The Stroop Test, VFT, AVLT. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found among patients with rDD in the intensity of depression symptoms, measured by the HDRS on therapy onset vs. the examination results after 8 weeks of treatment (p<0.001). The level of NO was substantially higher in patients with rDD compared to CG. For all examined subjects (p<0.001), elevated levels of NO in blood plasma adversely affect the efficiency of visual-spatial and auditory-verbal working memory as well as short-term declarative memory. For rDD patients, elevated NO levels were associated with worse cognitive test performance. The higher was the concentration of plasma NO, the greater was the severity of depressive symptoms measured by HDRS (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS (1) Higher concentration of plasma NO in rDD patients is associated with the severity of depressive symptoms. (2) Elevated levels of plasma NO are related to impairment of visual-spatial and auditory-verbal working memory as well as to impairment of short-term declarative memory.
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Sterling JA. Recent Publications on Medications and Pharmacy. Hosp Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4409-822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hospital Pharmacy presents this feature to keep pharmacists abreast of new publications in the medical/pharmacy literature. Articles of interest regarding a broad scope of topics are abstracted monthly.
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