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Werner T, Michel-Kröhler A, Berti S, Wessa M. Not All Injuries Are the Same: Different Patterns in Sports Injuries and Their Psychosocial Correlates. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:237. [PMID: 38133104 PMCID: PMC10747018 DOI: 10.3390/sports11120237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sports injuries are ubiquitous and can have far-reaching consequences for athletes (e.g., health, performance). Previous studies have examined various psychosocial influencing factors (e.g., stress), but have mostly focused on only one or two injury characteristics (e.g., frequency), neglecting the broader injury pattern. Thus, the present study aimed to obtain a more differentiated picture of potentially different injury patterns and related profiles of psychosocial factors. We investigated a sample of 213 athletes from a cross-sectional online study. Current injury status, frequency, severity, chronicity, medical treatment, and rehabilitation measures were subjected to cluster analysis indicating a 3-cluster solution with predominantly chronically injured athletes (n = 54), athletes not seeking treatment (n = 62), and athletes utilizing medical treatment and rehabilitation (n = 97). Building on the Model of Stress and Athletic Injury, we subsequently conducted three multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) to examine whether the obtained clusters differed in terms of personality factors (e.g., athletic identity), history of stressors (e.g., life events), and coping resources (e.g., self-compassion). We observed significant differences in all three categories of psychosocial variables implying different intervention possibilities for different injury patterns in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Werner
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany; (T.W.); (A.M.-K.); (S.B.)
| | - Alena Michel-Kröhler
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany; (T.W.); (A.M.-K.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefan Berti
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany; (T.W.); (A.M.-K.); (S.B.)
| | - Michèle Wessa
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany; (T.W.); (A.M.-K.); (S.B.)
- Research Group Wessa, Leibniz-Institute for Resilience Research, 55122 Mainz, Germany
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Cognitive appraisals of disability in persons with traumatic spinal cord injury: a scoping review. Spinal Cord 2022; 60:954-962. [PMID: 35523953 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-022-00756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Scoping review. OBJECTIVES To describe the meaning of cognitive appraisals, their relation with outcome. measures, and adapted appraisal scales after Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in the existing literature. METHODS This review was performed according to the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework that consisted of five steps: setting the review question, searching the literature, selecting and classifying the studies, charting the data, and summarizing the results. Published articles from 1990 to 16 May 2020 related to cognitive appraisal, persons with traumatic SCI (TSCI), and persons older than 18 years were identified by searching by key terms in four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase). RESULTS The included studies (n = 26) were categorized into three categories. Categories focused on the meanings of cognitive appraisals following TSCI (i.e., appraisals being complex and context-related, or in general definition how persons with TSCI interpret their disability and how they evaluate the resources available to respond to it), the relationship between cognitive appraisals and physical/psychological/social/ outcomes, and appraisals of disability (including the use of appraisals as a predictor of subsequent positive or negative consequences). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that a cognitive appraisal of TSCI is critical to longer-term rehabilitation outcomes. A combination of physical and psychological-based interventions can help to modify negative or dysfunctional appraisals. Cognitive appraisal in TSCI seems to vary from person to person. To predict it and develop a rehabilitation plan, future research needs to focus on the relationship between cognitive appraisal and person-related factors, including demographic characteristics.
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Heydari F, Nikfarid L, Oujian P, Nasiri M, Motefakker S. Predictors of Perceived Family Sense of Coherence in Parents of Children with Cancer. Indian J Palliat Care 2022; 28:28-36. [PMID: 35673383 PMCID: PMC9165460 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_107_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Despite improvement in childhood cancer survival in recent decades, it is still an extremely challenging health condition for parents. The impacts of childhood cancer on the family as a whole are recently interested by researchers. Family coherence is one of these concepts and health-care providers need to understand the perception of parents of family coherence. This study aimed to assess the correlation between perceived family sense of coherence (SOC) in parents of children with cancer; with socio-demographic, psycho-emotional and family-related variables. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study recruited 125 parents of children with cancer attending hospitals in Tehran in 2020, selected by convenience sampling method. The correlation between family SOC and demographic variables, chronic sorrow, coping behaviours, family functioning and social support was investigated using regression analysis. Results: The mean score perceived sense of family coherence in parents of children with cancer was higher in fathers (Beta = 0.17, P = 0.02), urban residents (beta = –0.2, P = 0.01) and homeowners (beta = –0.27, P = 0.001). The sense of family coherence had positive correlations with income grade (beta = 0.27, P = 0.006), coping behaviours (beta = 1.28, P = 0.002), social support (beta = 0.67, P = 0.001), negative correlations with the disturbance in family problem-solving (beta = –0.28, P = 0.006) and chronic sorrow (beta=-0.39, P = 0.001). Conclusion: The present study expanded the concept of family SOC in nursing knowledge and attracted the attention of the providers of family-centred care to the parents of children with cancer and their concerns, which directly and indirectly affect the entire family’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Heydari
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Lida Nikfarid
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Parastoo Oujian
- Department of Psychiatric and Management Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Maliheh Nasiri
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Sanaz Motefakker
- Department of Psychiatric and Management Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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Byra S, Gabryś A. Coping Strategies of Women With Long-Term Spinal Cord Injury: The Role of Beliefs About the World, Self-Efficacy, and Disability. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552211063649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the indirect effect of appraisal of disability on the relationship between basic hope and coping strategies in women with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI), taking into account the moderating role of general self-efficacy. A cross-sectional study with 187 women with paraplegia was conducted. Main outcome measures, the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE), the Basic Hope Inventory (BHI), Appraisals of Disability Primary and Secondary Scale (ADAPSS), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), were used. Our study showed that the strategies most commonly used by participants are seeking emotional support, religion, and acceptance. More than 45% of the respondents reveal average levels of basic hope, 58.82% reveal high levels of general self-efficacy, and most of them assessed their disability as determined resilience while noticing its negative aspects. The indirect effect of disability appraisal on the relationship between basic hope and coping strategies (denial, focus on emotions, seeking emotional support, religion, and acceptance) was confirmed. The moderating role of general self-efficacy in this analysis of mediating was also confirmed. General self-efficacy plays a significant role in explaining the relationship between basic hope and coping strategies mediated by appraisals of disability in women with long-term SCI.
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Nolvi M, Brogårdh C, Jacobsson L, Lexell J. Sense of coherence and coping behaviours in persons with late effects of polio. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 65:101577. [PMID: 34624546 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sense of coherence (SOC), comprising "comprehensibility", "manageability" and "meaningfulness", is important for successful adaptation in persons with late effects of polio (LEoP) and can be used as an estimate of the ability to cope with stressors. Coping behaviours are the actions a person performs to reduce stress and can be divided into problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and less useful coping. Our knowledge is very limited of what coping behaviours persons with LEoP use to manage their life situation as well as the association between SOC and coping behaviours. OBJECTIVE The aims of this cross-sectional study were to assess coping behaviours and to explore the association between SOC and coping behaviours in persons with LEoP. METHODS In total, 93 ambulant persons (52% women, mean [SD] age 74 [8] years) with clinically and electromyographically verified LEoP responded to a postal survey with the Sense of Coherence Scale 13 items (SOC-13) and the Brief Cope Scale. Three linear regression analyses were used to explore the association between SOC and problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and less useful coping, controlling for age and sex. RESULTS The most-used coping behaviours belonged to the categories problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. We found a significant negative association between SOC and less useful coping; less useful coping explained 34% of the variance of SOC (adj R2 = 0.34, p < 0.001), whereas age and sex were not significant in the analyses. CONCLUSIONS Persons with LEoP primarily use problem-focused and emotion-focused coping behaviours, which suggests that generally they have adapted well to their disability. Regardless of age and sex, persons with lower SOC scores use less useful coping behaviours, which suggests that they are not as well adapted. These results can facilitate the development of rehabilitation interventions that help persons with LEoP adapt to their situation with a life-long disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nolvi
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Christina Brogårdh
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Jacobsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Jan Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Jörgensen S, Lennman E, Lexell J. Sense of coherence and changes over six years among older adults aging with long-term spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2021; 59:1278-1284. [PMID: 34593987 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal. OBJECTIVES To (i) describe sense of coherence (SOC) and changes over six years in older adults aging with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) and (ii) investigate how changes in SOC are associated with injury characteristics and changes in sociodemographics and secondary health conditions (SHCs; bowel-related and bladder-related problems, pain and spasticity). SETTING Community in Southern Sweden. METHODS From the initial 123 participants in the Swedish Aging with Spinal Cord Injury Study (SASCIS), 76 individuals (33% women, median age 66 years, median time since injury 30 years, AIS A-D, 30% complete) responded to the 13-item SOC scale (range 13-91) twice with a 6-year interval. Data were analyzed with multivariable hierarchical regression. RESULTS The participants rated a strong SOC at both assessments (median 73 and 76.5, respectively) which significantly increased over time. Overall, their marital status and vocational situation remained stable whereas SHCs increased. A change from not having a partner to having one was the only significant explanatory factor for a positive change in SOC. CONCLUSIONS The present study describes, for the first time, changes in SOC over time and associated factors in older adults aging with long-term SCI. They generally maintain a strong ability to understand, handle, and being motivated when dealing with stressful events arising in their lives as a result of their SCI. The associations emphasize the importance of the social context for successful adaptation to living with SCI along the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Jörgensen
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Elsa Lennman
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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S Divyalasya TV, Kumar AK, Sahana Bhat NR, Lakhan R, Agrawal A. Quality of Life after Surviving a Spinal Cord Injury: An Observational Study in South India. Neurol India 2021; 69:861-866. [PMID: 34507402 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.323887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) and its negative impact on the quality of life (QOL) is a significant public health concern in India. People with SCI suffer from serious health, economic, and social consequences in their lives. Often, care for SCI survivors is left to their immediate family members in India. Appropriate planning is needed for prevention, rehabilitation, health, and psychological care for SCI in the country. Purpose This study assessed the overall QOL of SCI survivors and their satisfaction levels with specific domains and their importance of QOL. Materials and Methods In this observational study, two instruments, Farrens and Power for QOL and Barthel Index for functional abilities, were administered to a convenience sample of participants drawn from Narayana Medical College, Nellore, in South India. Results Statistically, SCI survivors were found moderately and very satisfied with their QOL. Their perception about importance of health, functioning, social, and economic subscale also did not differ statistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V S Divyalasya
- Department of Pharmacology, Narayana Medical College Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A Kiran Kumar
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Narayana Medical College Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - N R Sahana Bhat
- Hospital Administration, Narayana Medical College Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Lakhan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Berea College, USA
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Neurosurgey, Narayana Medical College Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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8
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Rosengren L, Forsberg A, Brogårdh C, Lexell J. Life Satisfaction and Adaptation in Persons with Parkinson's Disease-A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063308. [PMID: 33806884 PMCID: PMC8004639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) need to adapt to their progressive disability to achieve and maintain a high degree of life satisfaction (LS), but little is known about the meaning of LS and adaptation. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the meaning of LS and adaptation in persons with PD. Open-ended in-depth interviews were performed with 13 persons diagnosed with PD, 9 women, 3 men, and one non-binary person (mean age 54 years, mean time since diagnosis 3.4 years). The interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological–hermeneutic approach. The participants were in the process of adapting to their new health situation. There were two quite distinct groups: one that adapted through acceptance and one that struggled to resist the disease and the profound impact it had on their lives. The thematic structural analysis covers eight themes illustrating the meaning of LS and adaptation, through either acceptance or resistance. Adaptation to PD involves a transitional process characterized by either acceptance or resistance, which influences a person’s LS. Acceptance makes LS possible, whereas resistance constitutes a behavioral barrier to adaptation and LS. Rehabilitation professionals need to understand this individual process to be able to support a person with PD to reach and maintain a high level of LS. Understanding the link between LS and adaptation can support rehabilitation professionals to provide targeted interventions for people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Rosengren
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.F.); (C.B.); (J.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory Disorders and Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-222-1991
| | - Anna Forsberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.F.); (C.B.); (J.L.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, S-222 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christina Brogårdh
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.F.); (C.B.); (J.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory Disorders and Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.F.); (C.B.); (J.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory Disorders and Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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Bickel KE, Levy C, MacPhee ER, Brenner K, Temel JS, Arch JJ, Greer JA. An Integrative Framework of Appraisal and Adaptation in Serious Medical Illness. J Pain Symptom Manage 2020; 60:657-677.e6. [PMID: 32446974 PMCID: PMC7483912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that palliative care improves the quality of life of individuals with serious medical illness. Research also suggests that in patients with advanced cancer, palliative care's focus on symptom management, coping with illness, goals of care, and treatment decisions may be associated with improved patient quality of life in part by increasing patients' use of active (vs. passive) and approach-oriented (vs. avoidant) coping strategies. However, without a framework outlining the process that individuals with serious medical illness and their loved ones undergo, it is challenging to discern exactly where, how, and why palliative care may affect the serious medical illness experience. To address this gap, we propose a clinically applicable framework, derived from existing theory and research in the social and behavioral sciences. This framework, called the Integrative Framework of Appraisal and Adaptation in Serious Medical Illness, describes how patients and their loved ones cognitively and emotionally process the various events that may occur as they navigate serious medical illness and the end of life. The framework also describes how individuals and their loved ones use that event processing to determine next steps, while considering the impact of their surrounding external environment, their individual social roles, and their connections on this decision making. The framework presented in this article is intended to improve our ability to understand and care for individuals with serious medical illness and their loved ones, while stimulating further discussion and research to test and refine these ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Bickel
- VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - Cari Levy
- Palliative Medicine Section Chief, VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Research, Division of Health Care Policy and Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Edward R MacPhee
- Psychiatry Section Chief, VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Keri Brenner
- Medicine-Section of Palliative Care, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer S Temel
- Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cancer Outcomes Research & Education Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Thoracic Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joanna J Arch
- Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph A Greer
- Psychology, Harvard Medical School, Center for Psychiatric Oncology & Behavioral Science, Cancer Outcomes Research & Education Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Simpson GK, Anderson MI, Jones KF, Genders M, Gopinath B. Do spirituality, resilience and hope mediate outcomes among family caregivers after traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury? A structural equation modelling approach. NeuroRehabilitation 2020; 46:3-15. [DOI: 10.3233/nre-192945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grahame Kenneth Simpson
- Brain Injury Rehabilitation Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney NSW, Australia
- John Walsh Centre of Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute, Sydney University, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kate Fiona Jones
- Royal Rehab, Ryde NSW, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle Genders
- Brain Injury Rehabilitation Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney NSW, Australia
- John Walsh Centre of Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute, Sydney University, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Bamini Gopinath
- John Walsh Centre of Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute, Sydney University, Sydney NSW, Australia
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11
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The associations of acceptance with quality of life and mental health following spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord 2019; 58:130-148. [PMID: 31719667 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. OBJECTIVES To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize research findings on the associations between acceptance, quality of life (QOL), and mental health outcomes in individuals living with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Five databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) were systematically searched. Studies were included if they provided findings on the association between acceptance and QOL, mental health outcomes, or both in an SCI population aged 16 years or older. Only peer-reviewed original quantitative and qualitative studies were included. Screening, quality assessment, and data extraction were conducted independently by two researchers. Findings were tabulated and synthesized by outcome. RESULTS Forty-one studies were included. Greater acceptance was consistently associated with greater global and psychological QOL, life satisfaction, sense of well-being, mental health, and with lower levels of depression and anxiety. Inconsistent evidence was found with regards to social QOL and post-traumatic stress disorder. Acceptance was generally not associated with adjustment outcomes further than 2 years into the future. Study quality of the quantitative studies was mostly fair (n = 17) followed by good (n = 13), and poor (n = 9). CONCLUSION Health-care professionals may regard acceptance as a psychological resource they can aim to support in improving QOL and mental health following SCI. A range of methodological and conceptual limitations were present in the research. Future studies should prioritize longitudinal designs, consider dyadic effects, explore subjective meaning(s) of acceptance, and investigate the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches that stimulate the acceptance process.
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12
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Uchida H, Tsujino D, Muguruma T, Hino N, Sasaki K, Miyoshi M, Koyama Y, Hirao K. Low sense of coherence is associated with anxiety among adults: Results based on data from all 47 prefectures of Japan. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 86:131-136. [PMID: 30125814 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorder is a major societal, economic, and healthcare burden, so it is essential to identify underlying risk factors. Sense of coherence (SOC), defined as an individual's perceived ability to control events and cope with challenges, is strongly associated with healthcare outcomes. METHODS This study investigated the association between SOC and anxiety among adults in all 47 prefectures of Japan using a cross-sectional online panel survey. SOC was assessed using the University of Tokyo Health Sociology version of the SOC Scale and anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. RESULTS Among 2100 participants (1051 males and 1049 females), 475 (22.6%) were identified with anxiety (scoring 8 points or higher on the GAD-7 scale). Before adjustment for potential confounders, there was a significant negative association between SOC and presence of anxiety. Even after adjustment, the presence of anxiety was significantly higher among the lower SOC subgroup than the higher SOC subgroup. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that approximately one-fifth of adults in Japan suffer from anxiety and that low SOC is a significant risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsujino
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Takuro Muguruma
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Naoki Hino
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Keiji Sasaki
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Masato Miyoshi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Yuya Koyama
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hirao
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan.
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13
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Nolvi M, Brogårdh C, Jacobsson L, Lexell J. Sense of Coherence in persons with late effects of polio. NeuroRehabilitation 2018; 42:103-111. [PMID: 29400675 DOI: 10.3233/nre-172198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sense of Coherence (SOC) is important for successful adaptation and mental well-being in people with life-long medical conditions. Late effects of polio (LEoP) often lead to a life-long disability, but no study has assessed SOC in this population. OBJECTIVE To assess SOC in persons with LEoP and to explore the association between SOC, demographics (age, gender, marital status and level of education) and variables related to LEoP (age at polio onset, number of years from polio until onset of LEoP and self-rated disability). METHOD Ninety-three community-dwelling persons with clinically verified LEoP responded to a postal survey with the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13). A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to explore the associations with SOC. RESULTS SOC varied considerably among the participants. The mean and median SOC-13 total sum score was 71.8 and 76 points, which is similar to age-matched non-disabled people. The number of years before onset of LEoP and self-rated disability together with the participants' marital status and level of education explained 37% (p < 0.001) of the variance in SOC. CONCLUSION Persons with LEoP have a level of SOC indicating that they generally have the ability to understand, handle and being motivated when dealing with stressful events and problems arising in their lives as a result of their disability. Being married and having a higher education, living many years before onset of LEoP and perceiving a mild to moderate disability contributed to a strong SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nolvi
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Christina Brogårdh
- Department of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Research Group, Lund University, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Jacobsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, Sweden.,Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Jan Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden
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The lived experience of Cauda Equina Syndrome: a qualitative analysis. Spinal Cord 2017; 56:41-45. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bergman M, Graff C, Eriksdotter M, Schuster M, Fugl-Meyer KS. Overall and domain-specific life satisfaction when living with familial Alzheimer's disease risk: A quantitative approach. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 19:452-458. [PMID: 28776874 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored life satisfaction and sense of coherence in relation to biopsychosocial variables in individuals at risk for the development of familial Alzheimer's disease. Forty nine individuals (response rate: 96%) were interviewed. Life satisfaction was found to be high for the majority of participants. Those who were older than the expected age of onset of disease, those <6 years' inclusion in the Familial Alzheimer's disease biomarker study, and males tended to experience positive psychological health. Sense of coherence was positively associated with satisfaction with life as a whole, psychological health, vocation, and economy. Women seem to be more vulnerable than men, and attention should be given to those who have not passed the age of expected symptom onset. Early and recurrent counseling and psychosocial support were found to be essential. Issues related to vocation and economy are areas of concern, and are closely associated with sense of coherence, life satisfaction, and psychological health. This study emphasizes the importance of professional teams working together with the patient and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Bergman
- Department of Social work, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marja Schuster
- Department of Technology and Welfare, The Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin S Fugl-Meyer
- Department of Social work, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
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16
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Body Image in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury During Inpatient Rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 98:1126-1131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Jones K, Simpson GK, Briggs L, Dorsett P. Does spirituality facilitate adjustment and resilience among individuals and families after SCI? Disabil Rehabil 2015; 38:921-35. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1066884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Craig A, Nicholson Perry K, Guest R, Tran Y, Middleton J. Adjustment following chronic spinal cord injury: Determining factors that contribute to social participation. Br J Health Psychol 2015; 20:807-23. [PMID: 26037456 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic event that may result in diminished physical, social, and mental health. The main objective of this research was to establish inpatient factors that contribute to social participation following discharge into the community. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal design with measures taken three times, soon after admission to rehabilitation (N = 88), at discharge from the inpatient phase (N = 81) and 6 months following discharge (N = 71). METHODS Participants included adults with SCI admitted into three SCI units over a 33-month period. Assessment included demographic, injury, and psychosocial health measures. Adjustment was defined by the extent of social re-integration or participation post-discharge after 6 months in the community. Social participation was measured by the Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire (IPAQ). Logistic regression models were used to establish inpatient factors that significantly predicted social participation 6 months post-discharge. RESULTS Six months after discharge, around 55% of the sample had difficulties with social participation. The odds against being employed for an adult with poor social participation was found to be 8.4 to 1. Factors that predicted social participation included a younger age, having less severe secondary medical complications like bladder and bowel dysfunction, having a higher cognitive capacity, perceiving one has control (self-efficacy) over one's life and environment, and having greater perceived social support. CONCLUSIONS These results provide direction for enhancing existing psychosocial health strategies within SCI rehabilitation, affording an opportunity for every person who sustains a permanent SCI to have optimal capacity for social participation. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with significant challenges to wellbeing, including a high risk of secondary chronic illnesses, risk of co-morbid mental health problems, financial insecurity and social isolation. Research has shown poor social participation can lead to problems in re-integration into society following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Research to date has examined various factors related to poor social participation, but the majority of this research has been survey based with convenience samples. What does this study add? This study adds results of prospective longitudinal research on adjustment following SCI, where adjustment was defined by the rate of social participation when living in the community. About one-third of SCI participants were found to have very poor social participation, and only one-third had found some form of employment 6 months after discharge. Multiple factors were found to predict and contribute to poor social participation, including older age when injured, more severe medical complications, cognitive deficits, poor perceptions of control or self-efficacy, and poor social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Craig
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn Nicholson Perry
- Australian College of Applied Psychology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Social Sciences and Psychology, The University of Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Guest
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yvonne Tran
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Key University Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Middleton
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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Victorson D, Tulsky DS, Kisala PA, Kalpakjian CZ, Weiland B, Choi SW. Measuring resilience after spinal cord injury: Development, validation and psychometric characteristics of the SCI-QOL Resilience item bank and short form. J Spinal Cord Med 2015; 38:366-76. [PMID: 26010971 PMCID: PMC4445027 DOI: 10.1179/2045772315y.0000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the development and psychometric properties of the Spinal Cord Injury--Quality of Life (SCI-QOL) Resilience item bank and short form. DESIGN Using a mixed-methods design, we developed and tested a resilience item bank through the use of focus groups with individuals with SCI and clinicians with expertise in SCI, cognitive interviews, and item-response theory based analytic approaches, including tests of model fit and differential item functioning (DIF). SETTING We tested a 32-item pool at several medical institutions across the United States, including the University of Michigan, Kessler Foundation, the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, the University of Washington, Craig Hospital and the James J. Peters/Bronx Department of Veterans Affairs medical center. PARTICIPANTS A total of 717 individuals with SCI completed the Resilience items. RESULTS A unidimensional model was observed (CFI=0.968; RMSEA=0.074) and measurement precision was good (theta range between -3.1 and 0.9). Ten items were flagged for DIF, however, after examination of effect sizes we found this to be negligible with little practical impact on score estimates. The final calibrated item bank resulted in 21 retained items. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the SCI-QOL Resilience item bank represents a psychometrically robust measurement tool. Short form items are also suggested and computer adaptive tests are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Victorson
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David S. Tulsky
- Correspondence to: David S. Tulsky, Professor and Director of the Center on Assessment Research and Translation, STAR Campus, University of Delaware, 540 S. College Ave, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
| | - Pamela A. Kisala
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Claire Z. Kalpakjian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian Weiland
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Lude P, Kennedy P, Elfström ML, Ballert CS. Quality of life in and after spinal cord injury rehabilitation: a longitudinal multicenter study. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2014; 20:197-207. [PMID: 25484566 DOI: 10.1310/sci2003-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the changes in quality of life (QOL) in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their close persons during the first 2 years post injury. METHOD Longitudinal multiple sample multiple wave panel design. Data included 292 patients recruited from Austrian British German Irish and Swiss specialist SCI rehabilitation centers and 55 of their close persons. Questionnaire booklets were administered at 6 weeks 12 weeks 1 year and 2 years after injury to both samples. RESULTS Study 1 investigated the WHOQOL-BREF domains in individuals with SCI and found differences mostly in the physical domain indicating that QOL increases for persons with SCI from onset. An effect of the culture was observed in the psychological and environmental domains with higher QOL scores in the German-speaking sample. Study 2 compared individuals with SCI to their close persons and found differences in the physical environmental and social domains over time. The scores on the psychological dimension did not significantly differ between the persons with SCI and their close persons over time. CONCLUSION QOL measured by the WHOQOL-BREF shows that QOL changes during rehabilitation and after discharge. Apart from the physical dimension the persons with SCI and their close persons seem to experience a similar change in QOL. Further longitudinal research is suggested to clarify the mutual adjustment process of people with SCI and their close persons and to explore cultural differences in QOL between English-and German-speaking countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lude
- Swiss Paraplegic Research , Nottwil , Switzerland ; Swiss Paraplegic Centre , Nottwil , Switzerland ; School of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Zurich , Switzerland ; Private Practice , Bad Zurzach , Switzerland
| | - P Kennedy
- Isis Education Centre, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford , UK ; Department of Clinical Psychology, The National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital , Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire , UK
| | - M L Elfström
- Department of Psychology, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University , Eskilstuna/Västerås , Sweden
| | - C S Ballert
- Swiss Paraplegic Research , Nottwil , Switzerland
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21
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Li W, Leonhart R, Schaefert R, Zhao X, Zhang L, Wei J, Yang J, Wirsching M, Larisch A, Fritzsche K. Sense of coherence contributes to physical and mental health in general hospital patients in China. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2014; 20:614-22. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2014.952644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Peter C, Müller R, Cieza A, Post MWM, van Leeuwen CMC, Werner CS, Geyh S. Modeling life satisfaction in spinal cord injury: the role of psychological resources. Qual Life Res 2014; 23:2693-705. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Personal Resources and Temporal Satisfaction with Life in Men with Spinal Cord Injury. ADVANCES IN REHABILITATION 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/rehab-2014-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streszczenie
Wstęp: Satysfakcja z życia traktowana jest w kategorii jednego z najbardziej istotnych wskaźników pomyślnego przystosowania do życia po nabyciu niesprawności. Literatura opisuje zjawisko tzw. paradoksu niepełnosprawności wskazującego na doświadczanie wyższego lub porównywalnego do ogólnej populacji poziomu zadowolenia z życia u osób z trwałymi uszkodzeniami. Kształtowanie się satysfakcji z życia po doznaniu urazu rdzenia kręgowego podlega oddziaływaniu wielu czynników, w tym wewnętrznych określanych mianem zasobów osobistych. Zalicza się do nich m. in. poczucie koherencji, optymizm dyspozycyjny, uogólnione poczucie własnej skuteczności.
Cel pracy: analiza związków zależnościowych między zasobami osobistymi (poczuciem koherencji, optymizmem i poczuciem własnej skuteczności) a satysfakcją z życia przeszłego, teraźniejszego i przyszłego u mężczyzn z uszkodzeniem rdzenia kręgowego.
Materiał i metody: W badaniach uczestniczyło 86 mężczyzn z uszkodzeniem rdzenia kręgowego oraz równoliczna grupa mężczyzn sprawnych ruchowo dobranych z uwzględnieniem kryteriów: wieku, miejsca zamieszkania i stanu cywilnego. Wykorzystano następujące narzędzia badawcze: Skalę Temporalnej Satysfakcji z Życia W. Pavota, E. Dienera i E. Suha w opracowaniu S. Byry (wersja eksperymentalna); Kwestionariusz Orientacji Życiowej SOC-29 A. Antonovsky’ego w opracowaniu B. L. Blocka; Test Orientacji Życiowej (LOT-R) Scheiera i Carvera w adaptacji R. Poprawy i Z. Juczyńskiego; Skalę Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności (GSES) R. Schwarzera i M. Jerusalem w adaptacji Z. Juczyńskiego.
Wyniki: Temporalnie ujęta satysfakcja z życia różni badanych. Mężczyźni z uszkodzeniem rdzenia deklarują istotnie wyższe zadowolenie z życia w przeszłości i obecnie prowadzonego, charakteryzuje ich przy tym znacząco niższe nasilenie zasobów osobistych w postaci poczucia koherencji i optymizmu dyspozycyjnego. Uogólnione poczucie własnej skuteczności niezróżnicowane istotnie u badanych mężczyzn nie wykazało związków zależnościowych z satysfakcją z życia.
Wnioski: Nabycie urazu rdzenia oddziałuje na temporalną satysfakcję z życia, jednakże charakter tego oddziaływania kształtowany jest przez nasilenie zasobów osobistych: poczucie koherencji (istotne w przypadku zadowolenia z życia przeszłego i oczekiwań względem przyszłości) i optymizm dyspozycyjny (znaczący dla poziomu zadowolenia z obecnego życia).
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Geyh S, Nick E, Stirnimann D, Ehrat S, Michel F, Peter C, Lude P. Self-efficacy and self-esteem as predictors of participation in spinal cord injury—an ICF-based study. Spinal Cord 2012; 50:699-706. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2012.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Psychological resources in spinal cord injury: a systematic literature review. Spinal Cord 2011; 50:188-201. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kennedy P, Lude P, Elfström ML, Smithson E. Appraisals, coping and adjustment pre and post SCI rehabilitation: a 2-year follow-up study. Spinal Cord 2011; 50:112-8. [PMID: 22105459 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal, multi-wave panel design. OBJECTIVES To explore the changes in and the relationships between appraisals and coping with mood, functioning and quality-of-life (QOL) pre- and post-rehabilitation for acute spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING The data collected was part of an ongoing study from specialist units in selected British, Swiss, German and Irish SCI centres. METHODS Questionnaires (Functional Independence, QOL, Mood, Appraisals, Coping and Support) were administered to 232 patients at 12 weeks post injury and sent to participants at 1 and 2 years post injury by post. RESULTS Significant changes were observed in various outcome measures between 12 weeks and 1 year post injury, with little significant change occurring during the following year. Appraisals and coping at 12 weeks post injury were significantly related to outcome scores and also contributed significantly to the variance in QOL, mood and stress-related growth at 2 years post injury. CONCLUSION The study provides further evidence for the link between appraisals, coping and subsequent adjustment to injury. Suggestion is made for the potential benefit of early assessment and intervention for patients at risk of poor adjustment to SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kennedy
- Oxford Doctoral Course in Clinical Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Associations between psychological factors and quality of life ratings in persons with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord 2011; 50:174-87. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Neuner B, Busch MA, Singer S, Moons P, Wellmann J, Bauer U, Nowak-Göttl U, Hense HW. Sense of coherence as a predictor of quality of life in adolescents with congenital heart defects: a register-based 1-year follow-up study. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2011; 32:316-27. [PMID: 21325966 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0b013e31821102ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sense of coherence (SOC) is a resource for health and quality of life (QoL) in adults. The aim of this investigation was to prospectively evaluate the association between SOC and QoL in adolescents with congenital heart defects (CHDs). METHODS This is an observational study among 770 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years from a national CHD register. SOC was measured at baseline with the SOC-L9 questionnaire. QoL was measured at baseline and at a follow-up 12 months later. For this, we used the KINDL-R (revidierter KINDer Lebensqualitätsfragebogen) questionnaire to evaluate overall well-being and 6 subscales (physical well-being, psychological well-being, self-esteem, family-related well-being, friend-related well-being, and school-related well-being). The association between SOC and QoL both in terms of overall well-being and the KINDL-R subscales was evaluated in multilevel linear models. Fully adjusted models accounted for age, gender, behavioral factors, and medical and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Overall well-being, self-esteem, and school-related well-being were significantly higher at follow-up than at baseline. SOC (median: 50 [range: 16-63] points) was positively associated with overall well-being and all KINDL-R subscales at baseline. In overall well-being and the KINDL-R subscales (except in psychological well-being), significant negative interaction terms were observed for SOC at baseline and time to follow-up. However, the associations between SOC at baseline and overall well-being and all KINDL-R subscales at follow-up remained significant even in fully adjusted models. CONCLUSION SOC is an independent predictor of QoL in adolescents with CHD. In psychological well-being, this prediction remains stable, whereas in total well-being and all other QoL subdimensions, its strength as such wanes over the course of a year but does not entirely dissipate. Further studies should evaluate whether interventions designed to increase SOC in children with CHD would also improve their QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Neuner
- From the *Clinical Epidemiology Section, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; †Department of Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; ‡Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; §Centre for Health Services and Nursing Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; ∥Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, National CHD Register, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany; ¶Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Kennedy P, Lude P, Elfström ML, Smithson E. Cognitive appraisals, coping and quality of life outcomes: a multi-centre study of spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Spinal Cord 2010; 48:762-9. [PMID: 20212500 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2010.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal, multiple wave panel design. OBJECTIVES To investigate the degree to which current thinking in terms of early appraisals and coping predicts adjustment and quality of life outcomes after spinal cord injury, and to what degree social and demographic variables are involved. SETTING Data were analysed from 266 patients recruited as part of an ongoing study from specialist units in selected British, Swiss, German and Irish spinal centres. METHOD Questionnaire booklets were administered as soon as possible after injury onset and after 12 weeks to patients with newly acquired spinal cord injuries. Individuals included had sustained their injury between the ages of 16 and 83. RESULTS Significant improvements in outcome measures were found across the data set within the first 12 weeks after spinal cord injury and changes observed in the appraisals and coping strategies employed. Significant differences were found between participating centres on both outcome measures and in the coping and appraisal processes used. Coping and appraisal processes at 6 weeks after injury were found to contribute significantly to the variation in psychological well-being at 12 weeks after injury. CONCLUSION This study shows the process of adjustment to spinal cord injury to begin in the early stages of rehabilitation, and initial appraisals are important to how an individual will cope with their injury and to their psychological well-being. Support is also given to the importance of psychological factors to functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kennedy
- Oxford Doctoral Course in Clinical Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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