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Rischer M, Guo H, Beemelmanns C. Signalling molecules inducing metamorphosis in marine organisms. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1833-1855. [PMID: 35822257 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: findings from early 1980s until early 2022Microbial-derived cues of marine biofilms induce settlement and metamorphosis of marine organisms, a process responsible for the emergence of diverse flora and fauna in marine habitats. Although this phenomenon is known for more than 80 years, the research field has only recently gained much momentum. Here, we summarize the currently existing biochemical and microbial knowledge about microbial signalling molecules, con-specific signals, and synthetic compounds that induce or prevent recruitment, settlement, and metamorphosis in invertebrate larvae. We discuss the possible modes of action and conclude with perspectives for future research directions in the field of marine chemical ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Rischer
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany.
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany.
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany. .,Biochemistry of Microbial Metabolism, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Venom Use in Eulipotyphlans: An Evolutionary and Ecological Approach. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13030231. [PMID: 33810196 PMCID: PMC8004749 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Venomousness is a complex functional trait that has evolved independently many times in the animal kingdom, although it is rare among mammals. Intriguingly, most venomous mammal species belong to Eulipotyphla (solenodons, shrews). This fact may be linked to their high metabolic rate and a nearly continuous demand of nutritious food, and thus it relates the venom functions to facilitation of their efficient foraging. While mammalian venoms have been investigated using biochemical and molecular assays, studies of their ecological functions have been neglected for a long time. Therefore, we provide here an overview of what is currently known about eulipotyphlan venoms, followed by a discussion of how these venoms might have evolved under ecological pressures related to food acquisition, ecological interactions, and defense and protection. We delineate six mutually nonexclusive functions of venom (prey hunting, food hoarding, food digestion, reducing intra- and interspecific conflicts, avoidance of predation risk, weapons in intraspecific competition) and a number of different subfunctions for eulipotyphlans, among which some are so far only hypothetical while others have some empirical confirmation. The functions resulting from the need for food acquisition seem to be the most important for solenodons and especially for shrews. We also present several hypotheses explaining why, despite so many potentially beneficial functions, venomousness is rare even among eulipotyphlans. The tentativeness of many of the arguments presented in this review highlights our main conclusion, i.e., insights regarding the functions of eulipotyphlan venoms merit additional study.
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Role of Chemical Mediators in Aquatic Interactions across the Prokaryote-Eukaryote Boundary. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:1008-1021. [PMID: 30105643 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There is worldwide growing interest in the occurrence and diversity of metabolites used as chemical mediators in cross-kingdom interactions within aquatic systems. Bacteria produce metabolites to protect and influence the growth and life cycle of their eukaryotic hosts. In turn, the host provides a nutrient-enriched environment for the bacteria. Here, we discuss the role of waterborne chemical mediators that are responsible for such interactions in aquatic multi-partner systems, including algae or invertebrates and their associated bacteria. In particular, this review highlights recent advances in the chemical ecology of aquatic systems that support the overall ecological significance of signaling molecules across the prokaryote-eukaryote boundary (cross-kingdom interactions) for growth, development and morphogenesis of the host. We emphasize the value of establishing well-characterized model systems that provide the basis for the development of ecological principles that represent the natural lifestyle and dynamics of aquatic microbial communities and enable a better understanding of the consequences of environmental change and the most effective means of managing community interactions.
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Evaluation of the physiological activity of venom from the Eurasian water shrew Neomys fodiens. Front Zool 2017; 14:46. [PMID: 29026428 PMCID: PMC5622582 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-017-0230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal toxins can have medical and therapeutic applications. Principally, toxins produced by insects, arachnids, snakes and frogs have been characterized. Venomous mammals are rare, and their venoms have not been comprehensively investigated. Among shrews, only the venom of Blarina brevicauda has been analysed so far, and blarina toxin has been proven to be its main toxic component. It is assumed that Neomys fodiens employs its venom to hunt larger prey. However, the toxic profile, properties and mode of action of its venom are largely unknown. Therefore, we analysed the cardio-, myo- and neurotropic properties of N. fodiens venom and saliva of non-venomous Sorex araneus (control tests) in vitro in physiological bioassays carried out on two model organisms: beetles and frogs. For the first time, we fractionated N. fodiens venom and S. araneus saliva by performing chromatographic separation. Next, the properties of selected compounds were analysed in cardiotropic bioassays in the Tenebrio molitor heart. Results The venom of N. fodiens caused a high decrease in the conduction velocity of the frog sciatic nerve, as well as a significant decrease in the force of frog calf muscle contraction. We also recorded a significant decrease in the frog heart contractile activity. Most of the selected compounds from N. fodiens venom displayed a positive chronotropic effect on the beetle heart. However, one fraction caused a strong decrease in the T. molitor heart contractile activity coupled with a reversible cardiac arrest. We did not observe any responses of the insect heart and frog organs to the saliva of S. araneus. Preliminary mass spectrometry analysis revealed that calmodulin-like protein, thymosin β-10, hyaluronidase, lysozyme C and phospholipase A2 are present in the venom of N. fodiens, whereas thymosin β4, lysozyme C and β-defensin are present in S. araneus saliva. Conclusion Our results showed that N. fodiens venom has stronger paralytic properties and lower cardioinhibitory activity. Therefore, it is highly probable that N. fodiens might use its venom as a prey immobilizing agent. We also confirmed that S. araneus is not a venomous mammal because its saliva did not exhibit any toxic effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-017-0230-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abe T, Naito T, Uemura D. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) Analysis of Palytoxin. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many natural products have been isolated from various marine organisms. These natural products, especially huge polyol and polyether compounds, are expected to be promising drug-leads. On the other hand, the accumulation of these compounds in fish and shellfish can cause food poisoning in humans. Therefore, the development of effective methods for the detection of these compounds is important from both academic and public health perspectives. We subjected palytoxin to an SDS-PAGE analysis, which is very easy, quick, and inexpensive, to determine whether this approach could be effective for detecting huge polyol natural products. Eventually, we were able to detect a band of palytoxin by SDS-PAGE analysis, which demonstrated that SDS-PAGE could be useful for detecting polyol and polyether compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Abe
- Research Institute of Natural Drug-Leads, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Takayuki Naito
- Research Institute of Natural Drug-Leads, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uemura
- Research Institute of Natural Drug-Leads, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
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Maru N, Inuzuka T, Yamamoto K, Kitamura M, Schupp PJ, Yamada K, Uemura D. Relative configuration of luminaolide. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kita M. Bioorganic Studies on the Key Natural Products from Venomous Mammals and Marine Invertebrates. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kita
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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Abstract
Toxic substances that occur in nature have various structures and functions. In fact, the very novelty of their structures and functions sometimes extends far beyond the realm of human imagination, and the capabilities of these compounds are still largely untapped despite the major advances of modern science. In this report we focus on the most recent developments in this field, with a particular emphasis on natural venoms, marine sunscreen, and marine huge molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uemura
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Chunguang Han
- 2Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Novriyandi Hanif
- 2Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- 3Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Norihito Maru
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Arimoto
- 4Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
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Abstract
Cancer accounted for huge number of deaths, which represents about 13% of all deaths worldwide, and the number of the deaths due to cancer is increasing. Natural products and their synthetic analogs are widely used as antitumor drugs. As represented by these drugs, many anticancer drugs originated from cytotoxic compounds. Marine natural products are a gold mine of strong bioactive compounds with unique structures created in evolution of organisms over hundred million years. However, in the field of drug discovery, most studies have focused on plant essences and bacterial metabolites, and candidate compounds from marine origin are still remaining relatively unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Maru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
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Ohno O, Suenaga K, Uemura D. Secondary metabolites with new medicinal functions from marine organisms. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 65:185-93. [PMID: 22361187 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416003-3.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
We have focused on the identification of natural key compounds that possess biologically and medicinally intriguing functions. Some of bioactive naturally occurring compounds isolated from marine organisms were found to possess unique biological activities. Halichlorine from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai was shown to inhibit the activity of nuclear factor-κB in endothelial cells and block L-type Ca²⁺ channels. Thus, it may have therapeutic potentials for diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ohno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.
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Hirose E, Murakami A. Microscopic anatomy and pigment characterization of coral-encrusting black sponge with cyanobacterial symbiont, Terpios hoshinota. Zoolog Sci 2011; 28:199-205. [PMID: 21385061 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.28.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Terpios hoshinota is a black-colored sponge encrusting both live and dead corals. On examination, we determined that in the mesohyl, unicellular cyanobacteria were distributed extracellularly in dense populations; roughly half of the area in the histological sections was occupied by the cyanobacterial cells in the mesohyl of the inner zone. Pigment extraction tests of whole sponges and microspectrophotometrical analysis of cyanobacterial symbionts showed that the black coloration of the sponge is attributable to extremely densely packed cyanobacteria expressing R-phycoerythrin. Spermatic follicles were found in the mesohyl of specimens collected in summer, indicating seasonal reproduction, which is likely to play a crucial role in long-distance dispersal. We also found a possible oocyte that did not contain cyanobacteria in the ooplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euichi Hirose
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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Abstract
Marine huge polyol and polyether compounds are remarkable molecules owing to their extraordinary structures and significant biological activities. Currently, palytoxin and maitotoxin are believed to have the longest carbon chains in nature (more than 100 A in length), except for biopolymers. The structural properties of such marine huge molecules are highlighted, especially with regard to the length and shape of their carbon chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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Kita M, Ohno O, Han C, Uemura D. Bioactive secondary metabolites from symbiotic marine dinoflagellates: symbiodinolide and durinskiols. CHEM REC 2010; 10:57-69. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.200900007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Uemura D. Exploratory research on bioactive natural products with a focus on biological phenomena. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2010; 86:190-201. [PMID: 20228620 PMCID: PMC3417845 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.86.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new basic compounds holds the key for advancing material sciences. We have focused on the identification and characterization of natural key compounds that control biologically and physiologically intriguing phenomena. The discovery of new bioactive molecules, facilitated by a deeper understanding of nature, should advance our knowledge of biological processes and lead to new strategies to treat disease. The structure and function of natural compounds are sometimes unexpectedly original. Based on our past experience and results, we have carried out research to find new directions for compound exploration by directly learning from dynamic biological phenomena in the field, and have succeeded in creating a new research field in biological molecular sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uemura
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Kita M, Black DS, Ohno O, Yamada K, Kigoshi H, Uemura D. Duck-Billed Platypus Venom Peptides Induce Ca2+ Influx in Neuroblastoma Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:18038-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja908148z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kita
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - David StC. Black
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohno
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamada
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideo Kigoshi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uemura
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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