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Gao Y, Guo L, Liu X, Chen N, Yang X, Zhang Q. Advances in the synthesis and applications of macrocyclic polyamines. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231979. [PMID: 39092147 PMCID: PMC11293801 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Macrocyclic polyamines constitute a significant class of macrocyclic compounds that play a pivotal role in the realm of supramolecular chemistry. They find extensive applications across diverse domains including industrial and agricultural production, clinical diagnostics, environmental protection and other multidisciplinary fields. Macrocyclic polyamines possess a distinctive cavity structure with varying sizes, depths, electron-richness degrees and flexibilities. This unique feature enables them to form specific supramolecular structures through complexation with diverse objects, thereby attracting considerable attention from chemists, biologists and materials scientists alike. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive summaries on the synthesis methods for macrocyclic polyamines. In this review article, we provide an in-depth introduction to the synthesis of macrocyclic polyamines while analysing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we also present an overview of the recent 5-year advancements in using macrocyclic polyamines as non-viral gene vectors, fluorescent probes, diagnostic and therapeutic reagents as well as catalysts. Looking ahead to future research directions on the synthesis and application of macrocyclic polyamines across various fields will hopefully inspire new ideas for their synthesis and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Guo
- Tangshan First Vocational Secondary Specialized School, Tangshan 063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
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Berlinck RGS, Crnkovic CM, Gubiani JR, Bernardi DI, Ióca LP, Quintana-Bulla JI. The isolation of water-soluble natural products - challenges, strategies and perspectives. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:596-669. [PMID: 34647117 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Covering period: up to 2019Water-soluble natural products constitute a relevant group of secondary metabolites notably known for presenting potent biological activities. Examples are aminoglycosides, β-lactam antibiotics, saponins of both terrestrial and marine origin, and marine toxins. Although extensively investigated in the past, particularly during the golden age of antibiotics, hydrophilic fractions have been less scrutinized during the last few decades. This review addresses the possible reasons on why water-soluble metabolites are now under investigated and describes approaches and strategies for the isolation of these natural compounds. It presents examples of several classes of hydrosoluble natural products and how they have been isolated. Novel stationary phases and chromatography techniques are also reviewed, providing a perspective towards a renaissance in the investigation of water-soluble natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila M Crnkovic
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Gubiani
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Darlon I Bernardi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laura P Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jairo I Quintana-Bulla
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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da Silva G, Martinho A, Soengas RG, Duarte AP, Serrano R, Gomes ET, Silva O. A new spermidine macrocyclic alkaloid isolated from Gymnosporia arenicola leaf. Fitoterapia 2015; 106:7-11. [PMID: 26241493 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and structural elucidation of a macrocyclic alkaloid, characterized by the presence of a 13-membered macrolactam ring containing a spermidine unit N-linked to a benzoyl group is hereby reported. The structure of this previously unknown spermidine alkaloid isolated from Gymnosporia arenicola (Celastraceae) leaves has been elucidated by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy (including bidimensional analysis) and further characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry and polarimetry. A route for the biosynthesis of this new bioactive macrocycle is proposed and the cytotoxicity of the compound was evaluated against two ATCC cell lines - one normal-derived (MCF10A) and one cancer-derived cell line (MCF7) - using the MTT assay. The alkaloid revealed to be non-cytotoxic against both cell lines. The IC50 values from the cells were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Martinho
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Rua Marquês d'Avila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Raquel González Soengas
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Duarte
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Rua Marquês d'Avila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rita Serrano
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elsa Teixeira Gomes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olga Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Umezawa N, Horai Y, Imamura Y, Kawakubo M, Nakahira M, Kato N, Muramatsu A, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshikawa K, Higuchi T. Structurally Diverse Polyamines: Solid-Phase Synthesis and Interaction with DNA. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1811-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tomšík P. Ferns and lycopods--a potential treasury of anticancer agents but also a carcinogenic hazard. Phytother Res 2013; 28:798-810. [PMID: 24123573 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Many species of seedless vascular plants-ferns and lycopods-have been used as food and folk medicine since ancient times. Some of them have become the focus of intensive research concerning their anticancer properties. Studies on the anticancer effect of crude extracts are being increasingly replaced by bioactivity-guided fractionation, as well as detailed assessment of the mechanism of action. Numerous compounds-especially flavonoids such as amentoflavone and protoapigenone, and also simpler phenolic compounds, steroids, alkaloids and terpenoids-were isolated and found to be cytotoxic, particularly pro-apoptotic, or to induce cell cycle arrest in cancer cell lines in vitro. In in vivo experiments, some fern-derived compounds inhibited tumour growth with little toxicity. On the other hand, many ferns-not only the well-known Bracken (Pteridium)-may pose a significant hazard to human health due to the fact that they contain carcinogenic sesquiterpenoids and their analogues. The objective of this review is to summarise the recent state of research on the anticancer properties of ferns and lycopods, with a focus on their characteristic bioactive constituents. The carcinogenic hazard posed by ferns is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Tomšík
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové, 500 01, Czech Republic
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Seki C, Matsuyama H, Hirama M, Sato T, Takeda S, Kohari Y, Ishigaki K, Ohuchi M, Yokoi K, Nakano H, Uwai K, Takano N, Umemura K. One Step Synthesis of Optically Active Diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octanones or Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonanones by Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Cyclic Hydrazine. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-12-12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shen B, Johnston JN. A formal enantioselective acetate Mannich reaction: the nitro functional group as a traceless agent for activation and enantiocontrol in the synthesis of beta-amino acids. Org Lett 2008; 10:4397-400. [PMID: 18798639 DOI: 10.1021/ol801797h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A two-step procedure involving the enantioselective addition of alpha-nitro esters to imines, followed by reductive denitration, provides a convenient new enantioselective synthesis of beta-amino acids. Specifically, beta-phenyl alanine derivatives with up to 98% ee are formed in good yield (64-88%) over two steps. The utility of the approach is demonstrated through the first enantioselective synthesis of the key beta-amino acid of (+)-chaenorhine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Department of Chemistry & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, USA
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Bienz S, Guggisberg A, Wälchli R, Hesse M. Synthese der Spermidin-Alkaloide (±)-Inandenin-10-ol, Inandenin-10-on und (±)-Oncinotin. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19880710718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schneider F, Bernauer K, Guggisberg A, Van DenBroek P, Hesse M, Schmid H. Synthese des (±)-Oncinotins. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19740570217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Guggisberg A, Badawi MM, Hesse M, Schmid H. Über die Struktur der makrocyclischen Spermidin-Alkaloide Oncinotin, Neooncinotin und Isooncinotin. 151. Mitteilung über Alkaloide. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19740570216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Wälchli R, Giggisberg A, Hesse M. Synthese vonN-(4-Aminobutyl)-16-aza-19-nonadecanlactam undN-(4-Aminobutyl)-17-aza-20-icosanlactam (Desoxoinandenin). Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19840670819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Wälchli-Schaer E, Eugster CH. Synthese vonthreo-cis/threo-trans- underythro-cis/erythro-trans-Dihydropalustrin. 17. Mitteilung über Schachtelhalmalkaloide. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19780610240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Bernhard HO, Kompiš I, Johne S, Groöger D, Hesse M, Schmid H. Chaenorhin, ein macrocyclisches Spermin-Alkaloid. 149. Mitteilung über Alkaloide. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19730560412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bienz S, Detterbeck R, Ensch C, Guggisberg A, Häusermann U, Meisterhans C, Wendt B, Werner C, Hesse M. Putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and related polyamine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2003; 58:83-338. [PMID: 12534249 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(02)58003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bienz
- Organisch-chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Matsuyama H, Kurosawa A, Takei T, Ohira N, Yoshida M, Iyoda M. Synthesis of Polyamine Alkaloids by the Condensation of a Chiralβ-Lactam with a Cyclic Imino Ether. (S)-Dihydroperiphylline and Its Derivatives. CHEM LETT 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2000.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kuroki Y, Ishihara K, Hanaki N, Ohara S, Yamamoto H. Metal-Templated Macrolactamization of Triamino and Tetramino Esters. Facile Synthesis of Macrocyclic Spermidine and Spermine Alkaloids, (S)-(+)-Dihydroperiphylline, (±)-Buchnerine, (±)-Verbacine, (±)-Verbaskine, and (±)-Verbascenine. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1998. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.71.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Frackenpohl J, Langer P, Hoffmann HMR. 1,2-Carbonyl Transposition of a Protected Rubanone: Stereoselective synthesis of bicyclic and tricyclic lactams derived from quinidine. Helv Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19980810551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Murahashi SI, Naota T. A New Way for Efficient Catalysis by Using Low Valent Ruthenium Complexes as Redox Lewis Acid and Base Catalysts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1996. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.69.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Doll MKH, Guggisberg A, Hesse M. Oncinotine-Type Spermidine Alkaloids fromOncinotis tenuiloba. Transformation ofN-acetyloncinotin-12-one toN,N?-diacetylinandenin-12-one. Helv Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19960790405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ishihara K, Kuroki Y, Hanaki N, Ohara S, Yamamoto H. Antimony-Templated Macrolactamization of Tetraamino Esters. Facile Synthesis of Macrocyclic Spermine Alkaloids, (±)-Buchnerine, (±)-Verbacine, (±)-Verbaskine, and (±)-Verbascenine. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja953541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Ishihara
- School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-01, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Kuroki
- School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-01, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hanaki
- School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-01, Japan
| | - Suguru Ohara
- School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-01, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-01, Japan
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Benz H, Hesse M. Die massenspektrometrische Wasserabspaltung aus makrocyclischen Amino-ketonen. Helv Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19930760421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Saito Y, Watanabe T, Hashimoto H, Yoshimura J. Synthesis of N1-(p-glycosyloxycinnamoyl)spermidines. Carbohydr Res 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(87)80249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Murahashi SI, Naota T, Nakajima N. Chemoselective Acylation of Primary Amines in the Presence of Secondary Amines with Acyl Cyanides. Highly Efficient Methods for the Synthesis of Spermidine and Spermine Alkaloid. CHEM LETT 1987. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1987.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Maruoka K, Yamamoto H. Selective Reactions Using Organoaluminum Reagents [New Synthetic Methods (54)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198506681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Inaba M, Moriwake T, Saito S. New synthesis of secondary carboxamide by using 2-methyl-2-oxazoline as a building block. Tetrahedron Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)98160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Stereochemistry of the decarboxylation of l-ornithine with ornithine decarboxylase from mouse kidney. Bioorg Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0045-2068(84)90009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chapter 3 Putrescine, Spermidine, Spermine, and Related Polyamine Alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Wasserman HH, Berger GD. The use of β-lactams in the synthesis of spermine and spermidine alkaloids. Tetrahedron 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)92138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guggisberg A, Gray RW, Hesse M. [Synthesis of isomeric and homologous spermidine and spermine derivatives and their identification by mass spectrometry (author's transl)]. Helv Chim Acta 1977; 60:112-22. [PMID: 838593 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19770600114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bosshardt H, Hesse M. Mass Spectral Interaction between the Functional Groups of Multiply Substituted Alkanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.197402521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bosshardt H, Hesse M. Massenspektrometrische Wechselwirkung zwischen den funktionellen Gruppen mehrfach substituierter Alkane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19740860704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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