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Tian F, Zhu L, Shi Q, Wang R, Zhang L, Dong Q, Qian K, Zhao Q, Hu B. The Three-Lead EEG Sensor: Introducing an EEG-Assisted Depression Diagnosis System Based on Ant Lion Optimization. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2023; 17:1305-1318. [PMID: 37402182 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2023.3292237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
For depression diagnosis, traditional methods such as interviews and clinical scales have been widely leveraged in the past few decades, but they are subjective, time-consuming, and labor-consuming. With the development of affective computing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based depression detection methods have emerged. However, previous research has virtually neglected practical application scenarios, as most studies have focused on analyzing and modeling EEG data. Furthermore, EEG data is typically obtained from specialized devices that are large, complex to operate, and poorly ubiquitous. To address these challenges, a wearable three-lead EEG sensor with flexible electrodes was developed to obtain prefrontal-lobe EEG data. Experimental measurements show that the EEG sensor achieves promising performance (background noise of no more than 0.91 μVpp, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of 26--48 dB, and electrode-skin contact impedance of less than 1 K Ω). In addition, EEG data from 70 depressed patients and 108 healthy controls were collected using the EEG sensor, and the linear and nonlinear features were extracted. The features were then weighted and selected using the Ant Lion Optimization (ALO) algorithm to improve classification performance. The experimental results show that the k-NN classifier achieves a classification accuracy of 90.70%, specificity of 96.53%, and sensitivity of 81.79%, indicating the promising potential of the three-lead EEG sensor combined with the ALO algorithm and the k-NN classifier for EEG-assisted depression diagnosis.
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2
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Williams CK, McCarver GA, Chaturvedi A, Sinha S, Ang M, Vogiatzis KD, Jiang J“J. Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using A Molecular Antimony Complex under Aqueous Conditions: An Experimental and Computational Study on Main‐Group Element Catalysis. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201323. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline K. Williams
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 210172 Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA
| | - Gavin A. McCarver
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996-1600 USA
| | - Ashwin Chaturvedi
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 210172 Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA
| | - Soumalya Sinha
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 210172 Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA
| | - Marcus Ang
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 210172 Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA
| | | | - Jianbing “Jimmy” Jiang
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 210172 Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA
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3
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Cárdenas G, Trentin I, Schwiedrzik L, Hernández-Castillo D, Lowe GA, Kund J, Kranz C, Klingler S, Stach R, Mizaikoff B, Marquetand P, Nogueira JJ, Streb C, González L. Activation by oxidation and ligand exchange in a molecular manganese vanadium oxide water oxidation catalyst. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12918-12927. [PMID: 34745522 PMCID: PMC8513927 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their technological importance for water splitting, the reaction mechanisms of most water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) are poorly understood. This paper combines theoretical and experimental methods to reveal mechanistic insights into the reactivity of the highly active molecular manganese vanadium oxide WOC [Mn4V4O17(OAc)3]3- in aqueous acetonitrile solutions. Using density functional theory together with electrochemistry and IR-spectroscopy, we propose a sequential three-step activation mechanism including a one-electron oxidation of the catalyst from [Mn2 3+Mn2 4+] to [Mn3+Mn3 4+], acetate-to-water ligand exchange, and a second one-electron oxidation from [Mn3+Mn3 4+] to [Mn4 4+]. Analysis of several plausible ligand exchange pathways shows that nucleophilic attack of water molecules along the Jahn-Teller axis of the Mn3+ centers leads to significantly lower activation barriers compared with attack at Mn4+ centers. Deprotonation of one water ligand by the leaving acetate group leads to the formation of the activated species [Mn4V4O17(OAc)2(H2O)(OH)]- featuring one H2O and one OH ligand. Redox potentials based on the computed intermediates are in excellent agreement with electrochemical measurements at various solvent compositions. This intricate interplay between redox chemistry and ligand exchange controls the formation of the catalytically active species. These results provide key reactivity information essential to further study bio-inspired molecular WOCs and solid-state manganese oxide catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cárdenas
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Str. 17 1090 Vienna Austria
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Ivan Trentin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ludwig Schwiedrzik
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Str. 17 1090 Vienna Austria
| | | | - Grace A Lowe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Julian Kund
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sarah Klingler
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Robert Stach
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Str. 17 1090 Vienna Austria
- IADCHEM, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Juan J Nogueira
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 28049 Madrid Spain
- IADCHEM, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Str. 17 1090 Vienna Austria
- Vienna Research Platform on Accelerating Reaction Discovery, University of Vienna Währinger Str. 17 1090 Vienna Austria
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4
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Physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics of pyrazine-2-thiocarboxamide and its interaction ability against biomolecules. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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The use of the reference electrode equipped with an ionic liquid salt bridge in electrochemistry of ionic liquids: A convenient way to align the formal potentials of redox reactions in ionic liquids based on the standard hydrogen electrode scale. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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6
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Brunner PLM, Beaudoin D, Heskia A, Maris T, Dubois MA, Wuest JD. Low-bandgap push–pull molecules in polymer matrices for use in thin-film organic photovoltaic devices. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are widely used in thin-film organic photovoltaic devices to absorb light and serve as electron donors or acceptors. Small molecular analogues are attractive substitutes because they have fully defined structures, can be purified rigorously, and are typically more soluble and volatile. However, producing active films composed primarily of small molecules remains challenging. We have devised bulk heterojunction solar cells in which poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and poly[[9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5-thiophenediyl] are used as matrices to prepare films containing low-bandgap push–pull molecules as electron donors and (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester or (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester as electron acceptors. Compared with reference devices devoid of push–pull molecular additives, increases in power conversion efficiencies up to 30.4% were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis M. Brunner
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Daniel Beaudoin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alice Heskia
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Thierry Maris
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marc-André Dubois
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - James D. Wuest
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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7
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Van de Voorde M, Geboes B, Vander Hoogerstraete T, Van Hecke K, Cardinaels T, Binnemans K. Stability of europium(ii) in aqueous nitrate solutions. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14758-14768. [PMID: 31549711 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the lanthanide series, Eu3+ is most easily reduced to its divalent state. Reduction of Eu3+ has been studied extensively in aqueous media that are insensitive to reducing conditions. Recently, it has been reported that reduction of Eu3+ is also feasible in aqueous nitrate solutions and that Eu2+ remained sufficiently stable in these media to conduct separation experiments. However, additional fundamental research on the reduction efficiency of Eu3+ and stability of Eu2+ in these media has not been reported yet. In this paper, cyclic voltammetry, magnetic susceptibility measurements, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy were used to gain more insights into the reduction of Eu3+ in aqueous nitrate media. Within the parameters used in this work, near-quantitative reduction of Eu3+ could be achieved within 120 min in highly concentrated nitrate salt solutions, using both chemical and electrochemical reduction techniques. Moreover, Eu2+ was remarkably stable in these solutions, showing just a small percentage of back-oxidation after 5 h in a sealed measurement cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Van de Voorde
- SCK·CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
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8
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Ali MA, Wang X, Chen Y, Jiao Y, Mahal NK, Moru S, Castellano MJ, Schnable JC, Schnable PS, Dong L. Continuous Monitoring of Soil Nitrate Using a Miniature Sensor with Poly(3-octyl-thiophene) and Molybdenum Disulfide Nanocomposite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29195-29206. [PMID: 31318522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for improved fertilizer management in agriculture. Continuous monitoring of soil nitrate would address this need. This paper reports an all-solid-state miniature potentiometric soil sensor that works in direct contact with soils to monitor nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) in soil solution with parts-per-million (ppm) resolution. A working electrode is formed from a novel nanocomposite of poly(3-octyl-thiophene) and molybdenum disulfide (POT-MoS2) coated on a patterned Au electrode and covered with a nitrate-selective membrane using a robotic dispenser. The POT-MoS2 layer acts as an ion-to-electron transducing layer with high hydrophobicity and redox properties. The modification of the POT chain with MoS2 increases both conductivity and anion exchange, while minimizing the formation of a thin water layer at the interface between the Au electrode and the ion-selective membrane, which is notorious for solid-state potentiometric ion sensors. Therefore, the use of POT-MoS2 results in an improved sensitivity and selectivity of the working electrode. The reference electrode comprises a screen-printed silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode covered by a protonated Nafion layer to prevent chloride (Cl-) leaching in long-term measurements. This sensor was calibrated using both standard and extracted soil solutions, exhibiting a dynamic range that includes all concentrations relevant for agricultural applications (1-1500 ppm NO3--N). With the POT-MoS2 nanocomposite, the sensor offers a sensitivity of 64 mV/decade for nitrate detection, compared to 48 mV/decade for POT and 38 mV/decade for MoS2. The sensor was embedded into soil slurries where it accurately monitored nitrate for a duration of 27 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James C Schnable
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln 68588 , Nebraska , United States
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9
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Francisco da Silva A, João da Silva Filho A, Vasconcellos MLAA, Luís de Santana O. One-Electron Reduction Potentials: Calibration of Theoretical Protocols for Morita⁻Baylis⁻Hillman Nitroaromatic Compounds in Aprotic Media. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092129. [PMID: 30149493 PMCID: PMC6225277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroaromatic compounds—adducts of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBHA) reaction—have been applied in the treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease. The biological activity of these compounds is directly related to chemical reactivity in the environment, chemical structure of the compound, and reduction of the nitro group. Because of the last aspect, electrochemical methods are used to simulate the pharmacological activity of nitroaromatic compounds. In particular, previous studies have shown a correlation between the one-electron reduction potentials in aprotic medium (estimated by cyclic voltammetry) and antileishmanial activities (measured by the IC50) for a series of twelve MBHA. In the present work, two different computational protocols were calibrated to simulate the reduction potentials for this series of molecules with the aim of supporting the molecular modeling of new pharmacological compounds from the prediction of their reduction potentials. The results showed that it was possible to predict the experimental reduction potential for the calibration set with mean absolute errors of less than 25 mV (about 0.6 kcal·mol−1).
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10
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Chopade SA, Anderson EL, Schmidt PW, Lodge TP, Hillmyer MA, Bühlmann P. Self-Supporting, Hydrophobic, Ionic Liquid-Based Reference Electrodes Prepared by Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1498-1504. [PMID: 28944667 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces of ionic liquids and aqueous solutions exhibit stable electrical potentials over a wide range of aqueous electrolyte concentrations. This makes ionic liquids suitable as bridge materials that separate in electroanalytical measurements the reference electrode from samples with low and/or unknown ionic strengths. However, methods for the preparation of ionic liquid-based reference electrodes have not been explored widely. We have designed a convenient and reliable synthesis of ionic liquid-based reference electrodes by polymerization-induced microphase separation. This technique allows for a facile, single-pot synthesis of ready-to-use reference electrodes that incorporate ion conducting nanochannels filled with either 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide or 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide as ionic liquid, supported by a mechanically robust cross-linked polystyrene phase. This synthesis procedure allows for the straightforward design of various reference electrode geometries. These reference electrodes exhibit a low resistance as well as good reference potential stability and reproducibility when immersed into aqueous solutions varying from deionized, purified water to 100 mM KCl, while requiring no correction for liquid junction potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay A. Chopade
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Evan L. Anderson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Peter W. Schmidt
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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11
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Rondinini S, Lugaresi O, Achilli E, Locatelli C, Minguzzi A, Vertova A, Ghigna P, Comninellis C. Fixed Energy X-ray Absorption Voltammetry and Extended X-ray Absorption fine Structure of Ag nanoparticle electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Chadwick N, Kumar DK, Ivaturi A, Grew BA, Upadhyaya HM, Yellowlees LJ, Robertson N. Isomer Dependence of Efficiency and Charge Recombination in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Ru Complex Dyes Bearing Halogen Substituents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Chadwick
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH93JJ, Scotland, UK, http://www.chem.ed.ac.uk/staff/academic‐staff/dr‐neil‐robertson
| | - D. Kishore Kumar
- Energy Conversion Laboratory, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences,Heriot Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH144AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Aruna Ivaturi
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH93JJ, Scotland, UK, http://www.chem.ed.ac.uk/staff/academic‐staff/dr‐neil‐robertson
- Energy Conversion Laboratory, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences,Heriot Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH144AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Benjamin A. Grew
- Energy Conversion Laboratory, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences,Heriot Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH144AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Hari M. Upadhyaya
- Energy Conversion Laboratory, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences,Heriot Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH144AS, Scotland, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Materials and Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge ‐ UB8 3PH, London, UK
| | - Lesley J. Yellowlees
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH93JJ, Scotland, UK, http://www.chem.ed.ac.uk/staff/academic‐staff/dr‐neil‐robertson
| | - Neil Robertson
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH93JJ, Scotland, UK, http://www.chem.ed.ac.uk/staff/academic‐staff/dr‐neil‐robertson
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13
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Hsieh YC, Senanayake SD, Zhang Y, Xu W, Polyansky DE. Effect of Chloride Anions on the Synthesis and Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Silver Nanocoral Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Hsieh
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Sanjaya D. Senanayake
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Dmitry E. Polyansky
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
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14
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Electrochemistry aspects of pyrite in the presence of potassium amyl xanthate and a lignosulfonate-based biopolymer depressant. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Boon N, Olvera de la Cruz M. 'Soft' amplifier circuits based on field-effect ionic transistors. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4793-4798. [PMID: 25990873 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00573f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soft materials can be used as the building blocks for electronic devices with extraordinary properties. We introduce a theoretical model for a field-effect transistor in which ions are the gated species instead of electrons. Our model incorporates readily-available soft materials, such as conductive porous membranes and polymer-electrolytes to represent a device that regulates ion currents and can be integrated as a component in larger circuits. By means of Nernst-Planck numerical simulations as well as an analytical description of the steady-state current we find that the responses of the system to various input voltages can be categorized into ohmic, sub-threshold, and active modes. This is fully analogous to what is known for the electronic field-effect transistor (FET). Pivotal FET properties such as the threshold voltage and the transconductance crucially depend on the half-cell redox potentials of the source and drain electrodes as well as on the polyelectrolyte charge density and the gate material work function. We confirm the analogy with the electronic FETs through numerical simulations of elementary amplifier circuits in which we successfully substitute the electronic transistor by an ionic transistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Boon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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16
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Rahimi N, Doroodmand MM, Ghahremani A. Fabrication of a novel casein phosphopeptides/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/micro hybrid resin as mixed matrix membrane-junction reference electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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18
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Fliedel C, Rosa V, Santos CIM, Gonzalez PJ, Almeida RM, Gomes CSB, Gomes PT, Lemos MANDA, Aullón G, Welter R, Avilés T. Copper(ii) complexes of bis(aryl-imino)acenaphthene ligands: synthesis, structure, DFT studies and evaluation in reverse ATRP of styrene. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:13041-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Miskolczy Z, Harangozó JG, Biczók L, Wintgens V, Lorthioir C, Amiel C. Effect of torsional isomerization and inclusion complex formation with cucurbit[7]uril on the fluorescence of 6-methoxy-1-methylquinolinium. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:499-508. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50307k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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Matelková K, Ossberger K, Hudák J, Vatrál J, Boča R, Linert W. Redox activity of some non-innocent amino acids. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-013-0972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Evaluation of the Standard Potential of the Ag/AgCl Electrode in a 50 wt-% Water–Ethanol Mixture. J SOLUTION CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-011-9758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Stoica D, Brewer PJ, Brown RJ, Fisicaro P. Influence of fabrication procedure on the electrochemical performance of Ag/AgCl reference electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Sensitivities of key parameters in the preparation of silver/silver chloride electrodes used in Harned cell measurements of pH. SENSORS 2011; 11:8072-84. [PMID: 22164063 PMCID: PMC3231705 DOI: 10.3390/s110808072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A questionnaire was completed by fourteen world leading national metrology institutes to study the influence of several variables in the preparation of Ag/AgCl electrodes on the accuracy of Harned cell measurements of pH. The performance of each institute in the last decade has been assessed based on their results in eight key comparisons, organized by the Bureau International des Poids et Measures Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance, involving the measurement of pH of phosphate, phthalate, carbonate, borate and tetroxalate buffer solutions. The performance of each laboratory has been correlated to the results of the questionnaire to determine the critical parameters in the preparation of Ag/AgCl electrodes and their sensitivities with respect to the accuracy of pH measurement. This study reveals that the parameters most closely correlated to performance in comparisons are area of electrode wire exposed to the electrolyte, diameter and porosity of the Ag sphere prior to anodisation, amount of Ag converted to AgCl during anodisation, stability times employed for electrodes to reach equilibrium in solution prior to measurement, electrode rejection criteria employed and purity of reagents.
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Katsounaros I, Meier JC, Klemm SO, Topalov AA, Biedermann PU, Auinger M, Mayrhofer KJ. The effective surface pH during reactions at the solid–liquid interface. Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Auinger M, Katsounaros I, Meier JC, Klemm SO, Biedermann PU, Topalov AA, Rohwerder M, Mayrhofer KJJ. Near-surface ion distribution and buffer effects during electrochemical reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16384-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21717h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Partanen JI. Calculation of the first and second stoichiometric dissociation constants of glycine in aqueous sodium chloride solutions at 298.15 K. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19981020611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Revil A, Trolard F, Bourrié G, Castermant J, Jardani A, Mendonça CA. Ionic contribution to the self-potential signals associated with a redox front. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2009; 109:27-39. [PMID: 19733418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In contaminant plumes or in the case of ore bodies, a source current density is produced at depth in response to the presence of a gradient of the redox potential. Two charge carriers can exist in such a medium: electrons and ions. Two contributions to the source current density are associated with these charge carriers (i) the gradient of the chemical potential of the ionic species and (ii) the gradient of the chemical potential of the electrons (i.e., the gradient of the redox potential). We ran a set of experiments in which a geobattery is generated using electrolysis reactions of a pore water solution containing iron. A DC power supply is used to impose a difference of electrical potential of 3 V between a working platinum electrode (anode) and an auxiliary platinum electrode (cathode). Both electrodes inserted into a tank filled with a well-calibrated sand infiltrated by a (0.01 mol L(-1) KCl+0.0035 mol L(-)(1) FeSO(4)) solution. After the direct current is turned off, we follow the pH, the redox potential, and the self-potential at several time intervals. The self-potential anomalies amount to a few tens of millivolts after the current is turned off and decreases over time. After several days, all the redox-active compounds produced initially by the electrolysis reactions are consumed through chemical reactions and the self-potential anomalies fall to zero. The resulting self-potential anomalies are shown to be much weaker than the self-potential anomalies observed in the presence of an electronic conductor in the laboratory or in the field. In the presence of a biotic or an abiotic electronic conductor, the self-potential anomalies can amount to a few hundred millivolts. These observations point out indirectly the potential role of bacteria forming biofilms in the transfer of electrons through sharp redox potential gradient in contaminant plumes that are rich in organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Revil
- Colorado School of Mines, Dept. of Geophysics, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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A calibration technique for an Ag/AgCl reference electrode utilizing the relationship between the electrical conductivity and the KCl concentration of the internal electrolyte. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-009-9955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Broad considerations concerning electrochemical electrodes in primarily fluid environments. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:2203-2251. [PMID: 19564949 PMCID: PMC2695277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10052203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is variously a presentation, reflection, synthesis and report with reference to more recent developments of an article – in a journal which has ceased publication – entitled “Some Electrode Theorems with Experimental Corroboration, Inclusive of the Ag/AgCl System” Internet Journal of Chemistry, (http://www.ijc.com), Special Issues: Vol. 2 Article 24 (1999). The results from new lemmas relating charge densities and capacitance in a metallic electrode in equilibrium with an ionic solution are used to explain the data and observed effects due to Esin, Markov, Grahame, Lang and Kohn. Size effects that vary the measured e.m.f. of electrodes due to changes in the electronic chemical potential are demonstrated in experiment and theory implying the need for standardization of electrodes with respect to geometry and size. The widely used Stern modification of the Gouy-Chapman theory is shown to be mostly inapplicable for many of the problems where it is employed. Practical consequences of the current development include the possibility of determining the elusive single-ion activity coefficients of solution ions directly from the expression given by a simplified capacitance theorem, the potential of zero charge and the determination of single ion concentrations of active species in the electrode reactions from cell e.m.f. measurements.
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Cyclic voltammetry of electroactive and insulative compounds in solid state: A revisit of AgCl in aqueous solutions assisted by metallic cavity electrode and chemically modified electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Partanen JI, Minkkinen PO. Equations for calculation of the pH of buffer solutions containing sodium or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, and sodium chloride at 25°C. J SOLUTION CHEM 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02767623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bates RG, Erickson WP. Thermodynamics of the dissociation of 2-aminopyridinium ion in synthetic seawater and a standard for pH in marine systems. J SOLUTION CHEM 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00646030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Macaskill JB, Bates RG. Osmotic coefficients and activity coefficients of aqueous hydrobromic acid solutions at 25�C. J SOLUTION CHEM 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00648665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Thermodynamics of the dissociation of morpholinium ion in seawater from 5 to 40�C. J SOLUTION CHEM 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01036376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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