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Ramos De Dios SM, Tiwari VK, McCune CD, Dhokale RA, Berkowitz DB. Biomacromolecule-Assisted Screening for Reaction Discovery and Catalyst Optimization. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13800-13880. [PMID: 35904776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction discovery and catalyst screening lie at the heart of synthetic organic chemistry. While there are efforts at de novo catalyst design using computation/artificial intelligence, at its core, synthetic chemistry is an experimental science. This review overviews biomacromolecule-assisted screening methods and the follow-on elaboration of chemistry so discovered. All three types of biomacromolecules discussed─enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acids─have been used as "sensors" to provide a readout on product chirality exploiting their native chirality. Enzymatic sensing methods yield both UV-spectrophotometric and visible, colorimetric readouts. Antibody sensors provide direct fluorescent readout upon analyte binding in some cases or provide for cat-ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay)-type readouts. DNA biomacromolecule-assisted screening allows for templation to facilitate reaction discovery, driving bimolecular reactions into a pseudo-unimolecular format. In addition, the ability to use DNA-encoded libraries permits the barcoding of reactants. All three types of biomacromolecule-based screens afford high sensitivity and selectivity. Among the chemical transformations discovered by enzymatic screening methods are the first Ni(0)-mediated asymmetric allylic amination and a new thiocyanopalladation/carbocyclization transformation in which both C-SCN and C-C bonds are fashioned sequentially. Cat-ELISA screening has identified new classes of sydnone-alkyne cycloadditions, and DNA-encoded screening has been exploited to uncover interesting oxidative Pd-mediated amido-alkyne/alkene coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virendra K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Christopher D McCune
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Ranjeet A Dhokale
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - David B Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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Stereoselective synthesis of 3,4-di-substituted mercaptolactones via photoredox-catalyzed radical addition of thiophenols. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Malik G, Swyka RA, Tiwari VK, Fei X, Applegate GA, Berkowitz DB. A thiocyanopalladation/carbocyclization transformation identified through enzymatic screening: stereocontrolled tandem C-SCN and C-C bond formation. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8050-8060. [PMID: 29568453 PMCID: PMC5855125 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe a formal thiocyanopalladation/carbocyclization transformation and its parametrization and optimization using a new elevated temperature plate-based version of our visual colorimetric enzymatic screening method for reaction discovery. The carbocyclization step leads to C-SCN bond formation in tandem with C-C bond construction and is highly stereoselective, showing nearly absolute 1,2-anti-stereoinduction (5 examples) for substrates bearing allylic substitution, and nearly absolute 1,3-syn-stereoinduction (16 examples) for substrates bearing propargylic substitution. Based upon these high levels of stereoinduction, the dependence of the 1,2-stereoinduction upon cyclization substrate geometry, and the generally high preference for the transoid vinyl thiocyanate alkene geometry, a mechanistic model is proposed, involving (i) Pd(ii)-enyne coordination, (ii) thiocyanopalladation, (iii) migratory insertion and (iv) β-elimination. Examples of transition metal-mediated C-SCN bond formation that proceed smoothly on unactivated substrates and allow for preservation of the SCN moiety are lacking. Yet, the thiocyanate functionality is of great value for biophysical chemistry (vibrational Stark effect) and medicinal chemistry (S,N-heterocycle construction). The title transformation accommodates C-, O-, N- and S-bridged substrates (6 examples), thereby providing the corresponding carbocyclic or heterocyclic scaffolds. The reaction is also shown to be compatible with a significant range of substituents, varying in steric and electronic demand, including a wide range of substituted aromatics, fused bicyclic and heterocyclic systems, and even biaryl systems. Combination of this new transformation with asymmetric allylation and Grubbs ring-closing metathesis provides for a streamlined enantio- and diastereoselective entry into the oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl core of the natural products massarilactone and annuionone A, as also evidenced by low temperature X-ray crystal structure determination. Utilizing this bicyclic scaffold, we demonstrate the versatility of the thiocyanate moiety for structural diversification post-cyclization. Thus, the bridging vinyl thiocyanate moiety is smoothly elaborated into a range of derivative functionalities utilizing transformations that cleave the S-CN bond, add the elements of RS-CN across a π-system and exploit the SCN moiety as a cycloaddition partner (7 diverse examples). Among the new functionalities thereby generated are thiotetrazole and sulfonyl tetrazole heterocycles that serve as carboxylate and phosphate surrogates, respectively, highlighting the potential of this approach for future applications in medicinal chemistry or chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Malik
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE 68588 , USA .
| | - R A Swyka
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE 68588 , USA .
| | - V K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE 68588 , USA .
| | - X Fei
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE 68588 , USA .
| | - G A Applegate
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE 68588 , USA .
| | - D B Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE 68588 , USA .
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Schrempp M, Thiede S, Herkommer D, Gansäuer A, Menche D. Synthesis of α‐Chiral Butyrolactones by Highly Stereoselective Radical Transfer or Sequential Asymmetric Alkylations: Concise Preparation of Leupyrrin Moieties. Chemistry 2015; 21:16266-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schrempp
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Sebastian Thiede
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Daniel Herkommer
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
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López-Reyes ME, Toscano RA, López-Cortés JG, Alvarez-Toledano C. Fast and Efficient Synthesis ofZ-Enol-γ-Lactones through a Cycloisomerization Reaction of β-Hydroxy-γ-Alkynoic Acids Catalyzed by Copper(I) under Microwave Heating in Water. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morelia E. López-Reyes
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán C.P. 04360 México D.F. Mexico
| | - R. Alfredo Toscano
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán C.P. 04360 México D.F. Mexico
| | - José G. López-Cortés
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán C.P. 04360 México D.F. Mexico
| | - Cecilio Alvarez-Toledano
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán C.P. 04360 México D.F. Mexico
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Zeller MA, Riener M, Nicewicz DA. Butyrolactone synthesis via polar radical crossover cycloaddition reactions: diastereoselective syntheses of methylenolactocin and protolichesterinic acid. Org Lett 2014; 16:4810-3. [PMID: 25190259 DOI: 10.1021/ol5022993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A direct catalytic synthesis of γ-butyrolactones from simple alkene and unsaturated acid starting materials is reported. The catalytic system consists of the Fukuzumi acridinium photooxidant and substoichiometric quantities of a redox-active cocatalyst. Oxidizable alkenes such as styrenes and trisubstituted aliphatic alkenes are cyclized with unsaturated acids via polar radical crossover cycloaddition (PRCC) reactions. This method has been applied to the diastereoselective total synthesis of methylenolactocin and protolichesterinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Masutomi K, Noguchi K, Tanaka K. Enantioselective Cycloisomerization of 1,6-Enynes to Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes Catalyzed by Rhodium and Benzoic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7627-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504048u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Masutomi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Instrumentation
Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Japan Science
and Technology Agency, ACT-C, 4-1-8
Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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Hasegawa M, Kurahashi T, Matsubara S. Dicationic platinum porphyrin catalyzed cycloisomerization of enynes. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhang ZG, Lu XY, Lang SH. An Unexpected Reaction of Allylic Propynoate under Palladium(II) Catalysis. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20020201123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Protonolysis of the carbon–palladium bond in palladium(II)-catalyzed enyne cyclization in imidazolium-type ionic liquids. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yang S, Jiang H, Chen H, Xu Y, Luo W. Palladium‐Catalyzed Enyne Cyclization of 2′‐Alkenyl 2‐Alkynoates in Imidazolium‐Type Ionic Liquids. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701396914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaorong Yang
- a College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- a College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, China
| | - Huoji Chen
- a College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Xu
- a College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- a College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, China
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Oh CH, Park SJ. Palladium-catalyzed cycloreductions of haloene-ynes in the presence of triethylsilane. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oh CH, Jung HH, Sung HR, Kim JD. Regio- and stereoselectivity in palladium-catalyzed cycloreductions of 1,6-enynes in the presence of formic acid or triethylsilane. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Adam W, Groer P, Saha-Möller CR. Synthesis of optically active α-methylene γ-lactones through lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lu X, Wang Z. Role of halide ions in palladium(II) catalyzed nucleophile alkyne-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl coupling reactions. Polyhedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(99)00412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang C, Russell GA. gamma-Lactone Formation in the Addition of Benzenesulfonyl Bromide to Diene and Enyne Esters. J Org Chem 1999; 64:2066-2069. [PMID: 11674301 DOI: 10.1021/jo982388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gem-dialkyl effect has been used to promote the formation of functionalized gamma-lactones in the addition of benzenesulfonyl bromide to diene and enyne esters. Introduction of 3 mol % of pyridine into the reactions increases the yields of lactones produced from tertiary esters. Formation of the C(alpha)-C(beta) bond of gamma-lactones has been achieved in both C(alpha)-->C(beta) and C(beta)-->C(alpha) radical cyclization directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
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