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Heřmánková E, Žák A, Poláková L, Hobzová R, Hromádka R, Širc J. Polymeric bile acid sequestrants: Review of design, in vitro binding activities, and hypocholesterolemic effects. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 144:300-317. [PMID: 29275230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric bile acid sequestrants (BAS) have recently attracted much attention as lipid-lowering agents. These non-absorbable materials specifically bind bile acids (BAs) in the intestine, preventing bile acid (BA) reabsorption into the blood through enterohepatic circulation. Therefore, it is important to understand the structure-property relationships between the polymer sequestrant and its ability to bind specific BAs molecules. In this review, we describe pleiotropic effects of bile acids, and we focus on BAS with various molecular architectures that result in different mechanisms of BA sequestration. Here, we present 1) amphiphilic polymers based on poly(meth)acrylates, poly(meth)acrylamides, polyalkylamines and polyallylamines containing quaternary ammonium groups, 2) cyclodextrins, and 3) BAS prepared via molecular imprinting methods. The synthetic approaches leading to individual BAS preparation, as well as results of their in vitro BA binding activities and in vivo lipid-lowering activities, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Heřmánková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Žák
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 2, CZ-128 08 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Poláková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Hobzová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Róbert Hromádka
- Research and Development Center, C2P s.r.o. Chlumec nad Cidlinou, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Širc
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Mendonça PV, Matos A, Sousa AF, Serra AC, Simões S, Coelho JFJ. Increasing the Bile Acid Sequestration Performance of Cationic Hydrogels by Using an Advanced/Controlled Polymerization Technique. Pharm Res 2017. [PMID: 28623473 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of the polymerization technique and the content of hydroxyl groups on the performance of new bile acid sequestrants based on PAMPMTA-co-PHEA (PAMPTMA: poly((3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride); PHEA: poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)) hydrogels. METHODS PAMPMTA-co-PHEA hydrogels were prepared using either free radical polymerization or supplemental activator and reducing agent atom transfer radical polymerization. The chemical structure and composition of the hydrogels was confirmed by both FTIR and ssNMR. The binding of sodium cholate as the model bile salt was evaluated in simulated intestinal fluid using HPLC. The degradation of the polymers was evaluated in vitro in solutions mimicking the gastrointestinal tract environment. RESULTS The binding showed that an increase of the amount of HEA in the hydrogel lead to a decrease of the binding capacity. In addition, it was demonstrated for the first time that the hydrogels produced by SARA ATRP presented a higher binding capacity than similar ones produced by FRP. Finally, it was observed that copolymers of PAMPTMA-co-PHEA showed no sign of degradation in solutions mimicking both the stomach and the intestine environment. CONCLUSIONS The use of an advanced polymerization technique, such as the SARA ATRP, could be beneficial for the preparation of BAS with enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia V Mendonça
- CEMUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Matos
- CEMUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia F Sousa
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Arménio C Serra
- CEMUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- Bluepharma, Indústria Farmacêutica, SA, São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- CEMUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Mendonça PV, Moreno MJ, Serra AC, Simões S, Coelho JFJ. Synthesis of tailor-made bile acid sequestrants by supplemental activator and reducing agent atom transfer radical polymerization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06087k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis of tailor-made polymeric bile acid sequestrants (BAS) by supplemental activator and reducing agent atom transfer radical polymerization (SARA ATRP) using ecofriendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia V. Mendonça
- CEMUC
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Coimbra
- 3030-790 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Maria João Moreno
- CQC
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- CEMUC
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Coimbra
- 3030-790 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- Bluepharma
- Indústria Farmacêutica
- SA
- 3045-016 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- CEMUC
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Coimbra
- 3030-790 Coimbra
- Portugal
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Li J, Yu F, Chen Y, Oupický D. Polymeric drugs: Advances in the development of pharmacologically active polymers. J Control Release 2015; 219:369-382. [PMID: 26410809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers play a critical role in pharmaceutical discovery and development. Current research and applications of pharmaceutical polymers are mainly focused on their functions as excipients and inert carriers of other pharmacologically active agents. This review article surveys recent advances in alternative pharmaceutical use of polymers as pharmacologically active agents known as polymeric drugs. Emphasis is placed on the benefits of polymeric drugs that are associated with their macromolecular character and their ability to explore biologically relevant multivalency processes. We discuss the main therapeutic uses of polymeric drugs as sequestrants, antimicrobials, antivirals, and anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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O'Connor NA, Abugharbieh A, Yasmeen F, Buabeng E, Mathew S, Samaroo D, Cheng HP. The crosslinking of polysaccharides with polyamines and dextran-polyallylamine antibacterial hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 72:88-93. [PMID: 25128095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A facile modular approach to rapidly prepare pH-responsive hydrogels by crosslinking polysaccharides with polyamines is demonstrated. Hydrogels are prepared by first reacting the less reactive polysaccharides with the cross-linker epichlorohydrin and completed by the addition of polyamines. The crosslinking of polysaccharides with polyamines provides a facile method for incorporating functionality into polysaccharide based hydrogels. This process is demonstrated with the polysaccharides dextran, pullulan and carboxymethyl cellulose and with the polyamines polyallylamine and polyethylene imine. The hydrogels were characterized by FTIR and swelling studies, which showed pH-dependent swelling due to the presence of the polyamine. The hydrogels can also be tailored by varying the mass ratio between the polysaccharide and polyamine. Absorption studies of organic analytes showed the polyamine content affecting the uptake of a charged substrate (methylene blue) and no effect on a neutral substrate (6-methyl coumarin). This synthetic method was also used to prepare hydrogels with antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus by utilizing an amphiphilic polyallylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naphtali A O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, United States.
| | - Ahmad Abugharbieh
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Farzana Yasmeen
- Department of Biology, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Emmanuel Buabeng
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Steve Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Diana Samaroo
- Department of Chemistry, New York City College of Technology, 300 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Hai-Ping Cheng
- Department of Biology, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
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Mendonça PV, Serra AC, Silva CL, Simões S, Coelho JF. Polymeric bile acid sequestrants—Synthesis using conventional methods and new approaches based on “controlled”/living radical polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Enzymatic synthesis of catechol and hydroxyl-carboxic acid functionalized chitosan microspheres for iron overload therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mohammadi Z, Xie SX, Peltier E, Veisi M, Berkland C. Enhancing the selectivity of an iron binding hydrogel. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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