1
|
Kusewitt DF, Sharma G, Woods CD, Rosas E, Hathaway HJ, Prossnitz ER. GPER expression prevents estrogen-induced urinary retention in obese mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 244:106607. [PMID: 39197539 PMCID: PMC11444091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Long-term administration of exogenous estrogen is known to cause urinary retention and marked, often fatal, bladder distention in both male and female mice. Estrogen-treated mice have increased bladder pressure and decreased urine flow, suggesting that urinary retention in estrogen-treated mice is due to infravesicular obstruction to urine outflow. Thus, the condition is commonly referred to as bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Obesity can also lead to urinary retention. As the effects of estrogen are mediated by multiple receptors, including estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), we sought to determine whether GPER plays a role in estrogen-induced BOO, particularly in the context of obesity. Wild type and GPER knockout (KO) mice fed a high-fat diet were ovariectomized or left ovary-intact (sham surgery) and supplemented with slow-release estrogen or vehicle-only pellets. Supplementing both GPER KO and wild type obese mice with estrogen for 8 weeks resulted in weight loss, splenic enlargement, and thymic atrophy, as expected. However, estrogen-treated obese GPER KO mice developed abdominal distension, debilitation, and ulceration of the skin surrounding the urogenital opening. At necropsy, these mice had prominently distended bladders and hydronephrosis. In contrast, estrogen-treated obese wild type mice only rarely displayed these signs. Our results suggest that, under conditions of obesity, estrogen induces BOO as a result of ERα-driven pathways and that GPER expression is protective against BOO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna F Kusewitt
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Geetanjali Sharma
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christine D Woods
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Emmanuel Rosas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Helen J Hathaway
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baun C, Olsen BB, Alves CML, Ditzel HJ, Terp M, Hildebrandt MG, Poulsen CA, Gé LG, Gammelsrød VS, Orlova A, Dam JH, Thisgaard H. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor as theranostic target in estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer: A preclinical study of the theranostic pair [ 55Co]Co- and [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 138-139:108961. [PMID: 39357076 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer often develop resistance to standard treatments, leading to uncontrolled progression. Thus, innovative therapies are urgently needed. The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in various cancers, including breast cancer, making it an interesting theranostic target. RM26, a GRPR-targeting antagonist, has demonstrated promising in vivo kinetics in prostate cancer models. This study evaluated the theranostic capabilities of [55Co]Co-/[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26 in vitro in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells and assessed the diagnostic potential of [55Co]Co-DOTA-RM26 in vivo in a breast cancer mouse model. METHODS We analyzed the binding specificity of [57Co]Co-/[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26 in T47D breast cancer cells, using [57Co]Co-DOTA-RM26 as a surrogate for [55Co]Co-DOTA-RM26. The therapeutic efficacy of increasing [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26 concentrations was determined via viability assay in vitro. Ex vivo biodistribution of [57Co]Co-DOTA-RM26 (17.2 ± 2.7 kBq, 33 ± 5.2 pmol/mouse) was investigated in 12 mice (n= 4/group) with orthotopic breast cancer tumors. The mice were sacrificed at 4 and 24 h post-injection (pi), including a blocking group (20 nmol of unlabeled [Tyr4]-Bombesin) at 4 h pi. For imaging, two tumor-bearing mice underwent [55Co]Co-DOTA-RM26 PET/CT, 4 and 24 h pi (2.8 ± 0.2 MBq, 167.5 ± 0.5 pmol/mouse), with or without GRPR blocking. RESULTS In vitro studies revealed high, specific binding of [57Co]Co-DOTA-RM26 (43 ± 1 % of total added activity per 106 cells (%IA/106)) and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26 (37 ± 4 %IA/106). The activity was predominantly localized at the cell surface: 71 ± 3 % and 80 ± 6 % for [57Co]Co-DOTA-RM26 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26, respectively. [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26 significantly reduced cell viability at all activity concentrations >0.625 MBq/mL (p < 0.0001), with cell viability below 1 % at concentrations ≥5 MBq/mL. Biodistribution data (n = 12) indicated a high, specific tumor uptake of [57Co]Co-DOTA-RM26, surpassing all other tissues significantly at both time points, 3.7 ± 0.6 % of the injected activity per gram (%IA/g) 4 h pi and 0.98 ± 0.05 %IA/g 24 h pi. The kidneys showed the second-highest uptake (2.0 ± 0.1 %IA/g 4 h pi), followed by the pancreas (1.4 ± 0.4 %IA/g 4 h pi). PET/CT imaging with [55Co]Co-DOTA-RM26 supported the biodistribution data and, distinctly visualized the tumor 24 h pi and showed an improved tumor-to-background compared to the earlier time points. Effective GRPR blocking significantly reduced tumor uptake in the PET images 24 h pi. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the theranostic pair [55Co]Co-/[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26 holds significant promise as a theranostic agent for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Baun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Personalized Response Monitoring in Oncology (PREMIO), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte Brinkmann Olsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carla Maria Lourenco Alves
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Jørn Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Terp
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Malene Grubbe Hildebrandt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Personalized Response Monitoring in Oncology (PREMIO), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Lorraine Gaenaelle Gé
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vigga Sand Gammelsrød
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Johan Hygum Dam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helge Thisgaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trostorf R, Morales Orcajo E, Pötzke A, Siebert T, Böl M. A pilot study on active and passive ex vivo characterisation of the urinary bladder and its impact on three-dimensional modelling. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 133:105347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Cheng JN, Frye JB, Whitman SA, Kunihiro AG, Brickey JA, Funk JL. Osteolytic effects of tumoral estrogen signaling in an estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer bone metastasis model. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2021; 7:17. [PMID: 34790880 PMCID: PMC8594878 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2021.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Estrogen receptor α-positive (ER+) subtypes of breast cancer have the greatest predilection for forming osteolytic bone metastases (BMETs). Because tumor-derived factors mediate osteolysis, a possible role for tumoral ERα signaling in driving ER+ BMET osteolysis was queried using an estrogen (E2)-dependent ER+ breast cancer BMET model. METHODS Female athymic Foxn1nu mice were inoculated with human ER+ MCF-7 breast cancer cells via the left cardiac ventricle post-E2 pellet placement, and age- and dose-dependent E2 effects on osteolytic ER+ BMET progression, as well as direct bone effects of E2, were determined. RESULTS Osteolytic BMETs, which did not form in the absence of E2 supplementation, occurred with the same frequency in young (5-week-old) vs. skeletally mature (16-week-old) E2 (0.72 mg)-treated mice, but were larger in young mice where anabolic bone effects of E2 were greater. However, in mice of a single age and across a range of E2 doses, anabolic E2 bone effects were constant, while osteolytic ER+ BMET lesion incidence and size increased in an E2-dose-dependent fashion. Osteoclasts in ER+ tumor-bearing (but not tumor-naive) mice increased in an E2-dose dependent fashion at the bone-tumor interface, while histologic tumor size and proliferation did not vary with E2 dose. E2-inducible tumoral secretion of the osteolytic factor parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was dose-dependent and mediated by ERα, with significantly greater levels of secretion from ER+ BMET-derived tumor cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that tumoral ERα signaling may contribute to ER+ BMET-associated osteolysis, potentially explaining the greater predilection for ER+ tumors to form clinically-evident osteolytic BMETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Cheng
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Frye
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Susan A. Whitman
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Andrew G. Kunihiro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Julia A. Brickey
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Janet L. Funk
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Long-term culture, genetic manipulation and xenotransplantation of human normal and breast cancer organoids. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1936-1965. [PMID: 33692550 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Organoid technology has revolutionized the study of human organ development, disease and therapy response tailored to the individual. Although detailed protocols are available for the generation and long-term propagation of human organoids from various organs, such methods are lacking for breast tissue. Here we provide an optimized, highly versatile protocol for long-term culture of organoids derived from either normal human breast tissues or breast cancer (BC) tissues, as well as culturing conditions for a panel of 45 biobanked samples, including BC organoids covering all major disease subtypes (triple-negative, estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth receptor 2-positive). Additionally, we provide methods for genetic manipulation by Lipofectamine 2000, electroporation or lentivirus and subsequent organoid selection and clonal culture. Finally, we introduce an optimized method for orthotopic organoid transplantation in mice, which includes injection of organoids and estrogen pellets without the need for surgery. Organoid derivation from tissue fragments until the first split takes 7-21 d; generation of genetically manipulated clonal organoid cultures takes 14-21 d; and organoid expansion for xenotransplantation takes >4 weeks.
Collapse
|
6
|
Skeletal impact of 17β-estradiol in T cell-deficient mice: age-dependent bone effects and osteosarcoma formation. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 37:269-281. [PMID: 31863240 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-10012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen (E2)-dependent ER+ breast cancer, the most common breast cancer subtype, is also the most likely to metastasize to bone and form osteolytic lesions. However, ER+ breast cancer bone metastasis human xenograft models in nude mice are rarely studied due to complexities associated with distinguishing possible tumoral vs. bone microenvironmental effects of E2. To address this knowledge gap, we systematically examined bone effects of E2 in developing young (4-week-old) vs. skeletally mature (15-week-old) female Foxn1nu nude mice supplemented with commercial 60-day slow-release E2 pellets and doses commonly used for ER+ xenograft models. E2 pellets (0.05-0.72 mg) were implanted subcutaneously and longitudinal changes in hind limb bones (vs. age-matched controls) were determined over 6 weeks by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), microCT, radiographic imaging, and histology, concurrent with assessment of serum levels of E2 and bone turnover markers. All E2 doses tested induced significant and identical increases in bone density (BMD) and volume (BV/TV) in 4-week-old mice with high bone turnover, increasing bone mineral content (BMC) while suppressing increases in bone area (BA). E2 supplementation, which caused dose-dependent changes in circulating E2 that were not sustained, also led to more modest increases in BMD and BV/TV in skeletally mature 15-week-old mice. Notably, E2-supplementation induced osteolytic osteosarcomas in a subset of mice independent of age. These results demonstrate that bone effects of E2 supplementation should be accounted for when assessing ER+ human xenograft bone metastases models.
Collapse
|
7
|
Oh S, Choi K, Kim KM, Jung J. Sex-dependent effects of estrogen pellets in human liver cancer xenograft models. Toxicol Res 2019; 36:109-114. [PMID: 32257922 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-019-00020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer shows noticeable differences in the incidence rate and mortality between genders. To investigate the estrogen effect on tumor progression in liver cancer, we developed a xenograft model using estrogen pellets. SK-Hep1 cells (human male liver carcinoma) were inoculated into male or female nude mice. Subsequently, estrogen pellets were subcutaneously implanted into these xenograft models. Interestingly, the marked adverse effect of estrogen pellets (0.5 mg/21 days) were observed in the male-derived xenograft model, with increased ulcerative dermatitis in male mice than in female mice. Additionally, necrosis was observed in male mice with SK-Hep1-derived tumors. However, the estrogen pellet (0.5 mg/60 days) did not exhibit these adverse effects. Tumor growth in female mice was significantly suppressed by estrogen (0.5 mg/60 days). Tumor growth was also suppressed in male mice implanted with estrogen (0.5 mg/60 days), but the suppression was not significant. We found that estrogen-induced skin damage was more severe in male mice than female mice. The tumor suppression of estrogen was effective in female mice compared to male mice bearing liver cancer. The results suggest that the sex difference affects estrogen activity and thus should be considered in the preclinical assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungryong Oh
- 1College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, 144-gil, Samyang-ro, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369 Korea.,2Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiheon Choi
- 1College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, 144-gil, Samyang-ro, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369 Korea
| | - Kyoung Mee Kim
- 1College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, 144-gil, Samyang-ro, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369 Korea.,2Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohee Jung
- 1College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, 144-gil, Samyang-ro, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369 Korea.,2Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to summarize recent experimental and clinical evidence for metastatic latency and the molecular mechanisms that regulate tumor dormancy in the bone. RECENT FINDINGS Tumor dormancy contributes to the progression of metastasis and thus has significant clinical implications for prognosis and treatment. Tumor-intrinsic signaling and specialized bone marrow niches play a pivotal role in determining the dormancy status of bone disseminated tumor cells. Experimental models have provided significant insight into the effects of the bone microenvironment on tumor cells; however, these models remain limited in their ability to study dormancy. Despite recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of how tumor cells remain dormant in the bone for prolonged periods of time, the signals that trigger spontaneous dormancy escape remain unclear. This review highlights the need for further investigation of mechanisms underlying tumor dormancy using clinically relevant models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Clements
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sowder ME, Johnson RW. Enrichment and detection of bone disseminated tumor cells in models of low tumor burden. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14299. [PMID: 30250146 PMCID: PMC6155169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells frequently home to the bone, but the mechanisms controlling tumor colonization of the bone marrow remain unclear. We report significant enrichment of bone-disseminated estrogen receptor positive human MCF7 cells by 17 β-estradiol (E2) following intracardiac inoculation. Using flow cytometric and quantitative PCR approaches, tumor cells were detected in >80% of MCF7 tumor-inoculated mice, regardless of E2, suggesting that E2 is not required for MCF7 dissemination to the bone marrow. Furthermore, we propose two additional models in which to study prolonged latency periods by bone-disseminated tumor cells: murine D2.0R and human SUM159 breast carcinoma cells. Tumor cells were detected in bone marrow of up to 100% of D2.0R and SUM159-inoculated mice depending on the detection method. These findings establish novel models of bone colonization in which to study mechanisms underlying tumor cell seeding to the marrow and prolonged latency, and provide highly sensitive methods to detect these rare events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Sowder
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Salleng KJ, Jones CP, Boyd KL, Hicks DJ, Williams MM, Cook RS. Staphylococcus xylosus Cystitis and Struvite Urolithiasis in Nude Mice Implanted with Sustained-release Estrogen Pellets. Comp Med 2018; 68:256-260. [PMID: 30017019 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Female nude mice (J:NU-Foxn1nu; age, 6 wk) were injected with 1 million MCF7 human breast cancer cells in the fourth mammary fat pads and received a 21-d sustained-release estrogen pellet (0.25 mg) subcutaneously in the dorsum of the neck. All mice were maintained in sterile housing and provided sterile water and irradiated rodent chow. Approximately 6 wk after implantation, 4 of the 30 mice showed clinical signs of depression and dehydration. The 2 animals most severely affected were euthanized and presented for necropsy. The urinary bladders of these animals were distended with variable sized white, opaque uroliths. Urinalysis revealed coccal bacteria, erythrocytes, neutrophils and struvite crystals. Urine cultures from both necropsied animals grew heavy, pure growths of Staphylococcus xylosus. The organism was sensitive to all antibiotics tested except erythromycin (intermediate). Analysis of the uroliths revealed 100% struvite composition. Remaining mice in the study were evaluated clinically for hydration status, the ability to urinate, and the presence of palpable stones in the urinary bladder; one additional mouse had a firm, nonpainful bladder (urolithiasis suspected). Given the sensitivity of the organisms cultured from urine samples, the remaining mice were placed on enrofloxacin in the drinking water (0.5 mg/mL). All remaining mice completed the study without further morbidity or mortality. Previous studies have reported the association of estrogen supplementation with urinary bladder pathology, including infection and urolithiasis. Here we present a case of urolithiasis and cystitis in nude mice receiving estrogen supplementation that was associated with Staphylococcus xylosus, which previously was unreported in this context. When assessing these nude mice for urolithiasis, we found that visualizing the stones through the body wall, bladder palpation, and bladder expression were helpful in identifying affected mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Salleng
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology-Section on Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carissa P Jones
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology-Section on Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology-Section on Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Donna J Hicks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michelle M Williams
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chatzistamou I, Farmaki E, Kaza V, Kiaris H. The Value of Outbred Rodent Models in Cancer Research. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:468-471. [PMID: 29937045 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models of breast cancer are valuable research tools, but their usefulness is restricted by a series of features inherent to their physiology, such as low endogenous estrogens and genetics (inbred status). Depending on the specific questions asked, outbred rodents like Peromyscus may provide answers that laboratory mice cannot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | - Elena Farmaki
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | - Vimala Kaza
- Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | - Hippokratis Kiaris
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, SC, USA; Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Özdemir BC, Sflomos G, Brisken C. The challenges of modeling hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in mice. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R319-R330. [PMID: 29563191 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors account for 70-80% of all breast cancer (BC) cases and are characterized by estrogen dependency for their growth. Endocrine therapies using estrogen receptor antagonists or aromatase inhibitors represent a key component of the standard of care for these tumors. The occurrence of de novo or acquired resistance to estrogen withdrawal represents an important clinical problem, impacting on patient survival. In addition, despite an initially favorable outcome, a part of ER+ BC patients present with disease recurrence locally or at distant sites years or even decades after apparent remission. In vivo models that closely mimic human disease are urgently needed to study the biology of these tumors, investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying endocrine resistance and identify patients at risk of recurrence. Despite the similarities in the overall hormonal regulation of mammary gland development between mice and humans, the majority of the mammary carcinomas occurring in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are ER negative and most xenograft models are based on few ER+ cancer cell lines. We recently showed that the microenvironment is critical for ER+ cancer cells and discuss in this review the potential of intraductal xenograft model for basic and preclinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berna C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George Sflomos
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaza V, Farmaki E, Havighorst A, Crossland J, Chatzistamou I, Kiaris H. Growth of human breast cancers in Peromyscus. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/1/dmm031302. [PMID: 29343615 PMCID: PMC5818077 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Modeling breast cancer in general and hormone-sensitive breast cancer, in particular in mice, has several limitations. These are related to the inbred nature of laboratory mice, and do not allow adequate appreciation of the contribution of the host's genetic heterogeneity in tumor growth. In addition, the naturally low estrogen levels of mice makes estradiol supplementation obligatory for tumor growth. Here, we show that Peromyscus californicus, following cyclosporine-mediated immunosuppression, supports the growth of both MDA-MB-231 estrogen-independent and MCF7 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers without exogenous estradiol supplementation. Tumor growth was inhibited by fulvestrant or letrozole, confirming that MCF7 xenografts remain hormone dependent in vivo and suggesting that P. californicus can be used as an alternative to conventional mice for the study of hormone-sensitive breast cancer. The fact that Peromyscus stocks are outbred also facilitates the study of breast cancer in genetically heterogenous populations. Summary: Outbred stocks of Peromyscus californicus (California mice), upon pharmacological immunosuppression, provide an alternative to conventional inbred mice models, and can support the growth of hormone-insensitive and hormone-sensitive human breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vimala Kaza
- Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Elena Farmaki
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Amanda Havighorst
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Janet Crossland
- Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, SC 29208, USA
| | - Hippokratis Kiaris
- Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA .,Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dude I, Zhang Z, Rousseau J, Hundal-Jabal N, Colpo N, Merkens H, Lin KS, Bénard F. Evaluation of agonist and antagonist radioligands for somatostatin receptor imaging of breast cancer using positron emission tomography. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2017; 2:4. [PMID: 29503845 PMCID: PMC5824694 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-017-0023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sstr2) is expressed on a majority of luminal breast cancers, however SPECT and scintigraphy imaging with agonistic sstr2 probes has been sub-optimal. High affinity antagonists can access more binding sites on the cell surface, resulting in higher tumor uptake and improved sensitivity. We compared the tumor uptake and biodistribution of the antagonist 68Ga-NODAGA-JR11 with two agonists 68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotide (68Ga-DOTATOC) and 68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate (68Ga-DOTATATE), in the human, sstr2-positive, luminal breast cancer model: ZR-75-1. Results Peptides were assayed for binding affinity using a filtration-based competitive assay to sstr2. natGa-DOTATOC and natGa-DOTATATE had excellent affinity (inhibition constant Ki: 0.9 ± 0.1 nM and 1.4 ± 0.3 nM respectively) compared to natGa-NODAGA-JR11 (25.9 ± 0.2 nM). The number of binding sites on ZR-75-1 cells was determined in vitro by saturation assays. Agonist 67/natGa-DOTATOC bound to 6.64 ± 0.39 × 104 sites/cells, which was 1.5-fold higher than 67/natGa-NODAGA-JR11 and 2.3-fold higher than 67/natGa-DOTATATE. All three 68Ga-labeled peptides were obtained in good decay-corrected radiochemical yield (61-68%) and were purified by high performance liquid chromatography to ensure high specific activity (137 – 281 MBq/nmol at the end of synthesis). NOD scid gamma mice bearing ZR-75-1 tumors were injected intravenously with the labeled peptides and used for PET/CT imaging and biodistribution at 1 h post-injection. We found that 68Ga-DOTATOC had the highest tumor uptake (18.4 ± 2.9%ID/g), followed by 68Ga-DOTATATE (15.2 ± 2.2%ID/g) and 68Ga-NODAGA-JR11 (12.2 ± 0.8%ID/g). Tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios were also higher for the agonists (>40 and >150 respectively), compared to the antagonist (15.6 ± 2.2 and 45.2 ± 11.6 respectively). Conclusions The antagonist 68Ga-NODAGA-JR11 had the lowest tumor uptake and contrast compared to agonists 68Ga-DOTATOC and 68Ga-DOTATATE in ZR-75-1 xenografts. The main contributing factor to this result could be the use of an endogenously expressing cell line, which may differ from previously published transfected models in the number of low-affinity, antagonist-specific binding sites. The relative merit of agonists versus antagonists for sstr2 breast cancer imaging warrants further investigation, first in preclinical models with other sstr2-positive breast cancer xenografts, and ultimately in luminal breast cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41181-017-0023-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Dude
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada
| | - Julie Rousseau
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada
| | - Navjit Hundal-Jabal
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada.,2Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - François Bénard
- 1Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 1 L3 BC Canada.,2Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Towards Best Practice in Establishing Patient-Derived Xenografts. PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFT MODELS OF HUMAN CANCER 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55825-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
16
|
Peterse DP, Fassbender A, O DF, Vanhie A, Saunders P, Vriens J, Binda MM, D’Hooghe TM. Laparoscopic Surgery. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1332-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116638178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle P. Peterse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Experimental Gynaecology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amelie Fassbender
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Experimental Gynaecology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorien F. O
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Experimental Gynaecology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arne Vanhie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Experimental Gynaecology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippa Saunders
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joris Vriens
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Experimental Gynaecology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Mercedes Binda
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Experimental Gynaecology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Thomas M. D’Hooghe
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Experimental Gynaecology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
- *These authors contributed equally to the article
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sflomos G, Dormoy V, Metsalu T, Jeitziner R, Battista L, Scabia V, Raffoul W, Delaloye JF, Treboux A, Fiche M, Vilo J, Ayyanan A, Brisken C. A Preclinical Model for ERα-Positive Breast Cancer Points to the Epithelial Microenvironment as Determinant of Luminal Phenotype and Hormone Response. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:407-422. [PMID: 26947176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-five percent of breast cancers are estrogen receptor α positive (ER⁺). Research on these tumors is hampered by lack of adequate in vivo models; cell line xenografts require non-physiological hormone supplements, and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are hard to establish. We show that the traditional grafting of ER⁺ tumor cells into mammary fat pads induces TGFβ/SLUG signaling and basal differentiation when they require low SLUG levels to grow in vivo. Grafting into the milk ducts suppresses SLUG; ER⁺ tumor cells develop, like their clinical counterparts, in the presence of physiological hormone levels. Intraductal ER⁺ PDXs are retransplantable, predictive, and appear genomically stable. The model provides opportunities for translational research and the study of physiologically relevant hormone action in breast carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Sflomos
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valerian Dormoy
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tauno Metsalu
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Rachel Jeitziner
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Battista
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Scabia
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Assya Treboux
- Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maryse Fiche
- Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaak Vilo
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Ayyakkannu Ayyanan
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dall G, Vieusseux J, Unsworth A, Anderson R, Britt K. Low Dose, Low Cost Estradiol Pellets Can Support MCF-7 Tumour Growth in Nude Mice without Bladder Symptoms. J Cancer 2015; 6:1331-6. [PMID: 26640593 PMCID: PMC4643089 DOI: 10.7150/jca.10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MCF-7 cells are a slow growing estrogen receptor (ER) positive human breast cancer cell line that is commonly used to model estrogen responsive breast cancer cell growth in-vitro and tumour growth in-vivo. These tumours require estrogen supplementation, and in-vivo doses of between 0.72mg and 2mg estradiol pellets are commonly implanted in the dorsal flank of ovariectomised, immunocompromised mice. We wanted to grow MCF-7 tumours in immunocompromised mice without the need to be ovariectomised. When we treated immunocompromised mice with 0.72mg pellets to induce MCF7 tumour growth, the mice developed urosepsis. We have now shown that lower doses of estradiol pellets, 0.3mg and 0.5mg, induce elevated serum estrogen levels and maintain tumour growth, without causing urosepsis. Supplementation for only one week did not support sustained MCF7 tumour growth. In conclusion, 0.3mg and 0.5mg silastic pellets can be used to stimulate ER+ breast cancer growth in ovary-intact, immune compromised mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Dall
- 1. Prostate Cancer Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University Clayton, Australia
| | - Jessica Vieusseux
- 2. Metastasis Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Unsworth
- 2. Metastasis Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin Anderson
- 2. Metastasis Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Australia ; 3. The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kara Britt
- 2. Metastasis Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Australia ; 3. The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Springer DA, Allen M, Hoffman V, Brinster L, Starost MF, Bryant M, Eckhaus M. Investigation and identification of etiologies involved in the development of acquired hydronephrosis in aged laboratory mice with the use of high-frequency ultrasound imaging. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2014; 4:24932. [PMID: 25143818 PMCID: PMC4119937 DOI: 10.3402/pba.v4.24932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory mice develop naturally occurring lesions that affect biomedical research. Hydronephrosis is a recognized pathologic abnormality of the mouse kidney. Acquired hydronephrosis can affect any mouse, as it is caused by any naturally occurring disease that impairs free urine flow. Many etiologies leading to this condition are of particular significance to aging mice. Non-invasive ultrasound imaging detects renal pelvic dilation, renal enlargement, and parenchymal loss for pre-mortem identification of this condition. High-frequency ultrasound transducers produce high-resolution images of small structures, ideal for detecting organ pathology in mice. Using a 40 MHz linear array transducer, we obtained high-resolution images of a diversity of pathologic lesions occurring within the abdomen of seven geriatric mice with acquired hydronephrosis that enabled a determination of the underlying etiology. Etiologies diagnosed from the imaging results include pyelonephritis, neoplasia, urolithiasis, mouse urologic syndrome, and spontaneous hydronephrosis, and were confirmed at necropsy. A retrospective review of abdominal scans from an additional 149 aging mice shows that the most common etiologies associated with acquired hydronephrosis are mouse urologic syndrome and abdominal neoplasia. This report highlights the utility of high-frequency ultrasound for surveying research mice for age-related pathology, and is the first comprehensive report of multiple cases of acquired hydronephrosis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Springer
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michele Allen
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffman
- Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Brinster
- Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew F. Starost
- Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Bryant
- Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Eckhaus
- Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Prizant H, Sen A, Light A, Cho SN, DeMayo FJ, Lydon JP, Hammes SR. Uterine-specific loss of Tsc2 leads to myometrial tumors in both the uterus and lungs. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:1403-14. [PMID: 23820898 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease characterized by proliferation of abnormal smooth-muscle cells in the lungs, leading to functional loss and sometimes lung transplantation. Although the origin of LAM cells is unknown, several features of LAM provide clues. First, LAM cells contain inactivating mutations in genes encoding Tsc1 or Tsc2, proteins that limit mTORC1 activity. Second, LAM tumors recur after lung transplantation, suggesting a metastatic pathogenesis. Third, LAM is found almost exclusively in women. Finally, LAM shares features with uterine leiomyomas, benign tumors of myometrial cells. From these observations, we proposed that LAM cells might originate from uterine leiomyomas containing Tsc mutations. To test our hypothesis, and to develop mouse models for leiomyoma and LAM, we targeted Tsc2 deletion primarily in uterine cells. In fact, nearly 100% of uteri from uterine-specific Tsc2 knockout mice developed myometrial proliferation and uterine leiomyomas by 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. Myometrial proliferation and mTORC1/S6 activity were abrogated by the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin or by elimination of sex steroid production through ovariectomy or aromatase inhibition. In ovariectomized Tsc2 null mice, mTORC1/S6 activity and myometrial growth were restored by estrogen but not progesterone. Thus, even without Tsc2, estrogen appears to be required for myometrial mTORC1/S6 signaling and proliferation. Finally, we found Tsc2 null myometrial tumors in lungs of older Tsc2 uterine-specific knockout females, suggesting that lung LAM-like myometrial lesions may indeed originate from the uterus. This mouse model may improve our understanding of LAM and leiomyomas and might lead to novel therapeutic strategies for both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hen Prizant
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
We have developed a new method for assembling targeted nanoparticles that utilizes the complexation between targeting agents that contain boronic acids and polymer-drug conjugates that possess diols. Here, we report the first in vivo, antitumor results of a nanoparticle formed via this new assembly methodology. A nanoparticle consisting of a mucic acid polymer conjugate of camptothecin (CPT), MAP-CPT, and containing on average one Herceptin antibody is investigated in nude mice bearing HER2 overexpressing BT-474 human breast cancer tumors. Nontargeted MAP-CPT and antibody-containing MAP-CPT nanoparticles of ca. 30-40 nm diameter and slightly negative zeta potential show prolonged in vivo circulation and similar biodistributions after intravenous tail vein injections in mice. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the nontargeted and Herceptin-containing MAP-CPT nanoparticles is found to be 10 and 8 mg of CPT/kg, respectively, in mice. Mice bearing BT-474 human breast tumors treated with nontargeted MAP-CPT nanoparticles at 8 mg of CPT/kg show significant tumor growth inhibition (mean tumor volume of 63 mm(3)) when compared to irinotecan at 80 mg/kg (mean tumor volume of 575 mm(3)) and CPT at 8 mg/kg (mean tumor volume of 808 mm(3)) at the end of the study. Herceptin antibody treatment at 5.9 mg/kg results in complete tumor regressions in 5 out of 8 mice, with a mean tumor volume of 60 mm(3) at the end of the study. Mice treated with MAP-CPT nanoparticles at 1 mg of CPT/kg do not show tumor inhibition. However, all mice receiving administrations of MAP-CPT nanoparticles (1 mg of CPT/kg) that contain on average a single Herceptin molecule per nanoparticle (5.9 mg of Herceptin equivalent/kg) show complete tumor regression by the end of the study. These results demonstrate that the antitumor efficacy of nanoparticles carrying anticancer drugs can be enhanced by incorporating on average a single antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Strickland FM, Hewagama A, Lu Q, Wu A, Hinderer R, Webb R, Johnson K, Sawalha AH, Delaney C, Yung R, Richardson BC. Environmental exposure, estrogen and two X chromosomes are required for disease development in an epigenetic model of lupus. J Autoimmun 2011; 38:J135-43. [PMID: 22142890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease primarily afflicting women. The reason for the gender bias is unclear, but genetic susceptibility, estrogen and environmental agents appear to play significant roles in SLE pathogenesis. Environmental agents can contribute to lupus susceptibility through epigenetic mechanisms. We used (C57BL/6xSJL)F1 mice transgenic for a dominant-negative MEK (dnMEK) that was previously shown to be inducibly and selectively expressed in T cells. In this model, induction of the dnMEK by doxycycline treatment suppresses T cell ERK signaling, decreasing DNA-methyltransferase expression and resulting in DNA demethylation, overexpression of immune genes Itgal (CD11a) and Tnfsf7 (CD70), and anti-dsDNA antibody. To examine the role of gender and estrogen in this model, male and female transgenic mice were neutered and implanted with time-release pellets delivering placebo or estrogen. Doxycycline induced IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies in intact and neutered, placebo-treated control female but not male transgenic mice. Glomerular IgG deposits were also found in the kidneys of female but not male transgenic mice, and not in the absence of doxycycline. Estrogen enhanced anti-dsDNA IgG antibodies only in transgenic, ERK-impaired female mice. Decreased ERK activation also resulted in overexpression and demethylation of the X-linked methylation-sensitive gene CD40lg in female but not male mice, consistent with demethylation of the second X chromosome in the females. The results show that both estrogen and female gender contribute to the female predisposition in lupus susceptibility through hormonal and epigenetic X-chromosome effects and through suppression of ERK signaling by environmental agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Strickland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Division, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Meng X, Dai X, Liao TD, D'Ambrosio M, Wang F, Yang JJ, Yang XP. Dose-dependent toxic effects of high-dose estrogen on renal and cardiac injury in surgically postmenopausal mice. Life Sci 2010; 88:178-86. [PMID: 21074543 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We previously found that in mice with experimental myocardial infarction (MI), 17β-estradiol (E2) increased mortality and worsened cardiac remodeling and these deleterious effects were associated with renal enlargement and hydronephrosis in a dose-dependent manner. In the present study we questioned whether E2-induced renal damage predisposes to rather than results from its adverse effects on the heart. MAIN METHODS Ovariectomized (ovx) mice received either placebo (P) or E2 at 0.02 (E2-L, low dose), 0.42 (E2-M, moderate dose) or 4.2 μg/d (E2-H, high dose) for 8 weeks. KEY FINDINGS E2-L partially restored uterine weight and plasma estrogen levels without affecting heart, lung and liver weight, hemodynamic parameters, or heart and kidney morphology and function. E2-M restored normal uterine weight, but this was accompanied by a significant increase in kidney weight, albuminuria, glomerular matrix formation and markers for oxidative stress. E2-H increased uterine weight 4.5-fold and resulted in higher plasma creatinine levels, severe albuminuria, renal tubular dilatation, tubulointerstitial injury, hydronephrosis, glomerulosclerosis and oxidative stress. E2-H also caused ascites, hepatomegaly and fluid retention in the uterine horns but had no significant effect on blood pressure or heart function. SIGNIFICANCE Our data demonstrated that an excessive dose of E2 that raises uterine weight beyond physiological levels adversely affects the kidney even before it damages the heart. We believe estrogen dosage should be taken into account when considering hormonal replacement therapy, since inappropriate doses of E2 may damage not only the heart but also the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Meng
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|