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Penticoff HB, Hipkiss HK, Hetak AA, Agnew DW, Fortin JS. Survey of amyloidosis cases among different free-living wild and zoo animals. Amyloid 2021; 28:145-152. [PMID: 34132151 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2021.1940931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidosis comprises a range of protein-folding disorders characterised by a buildup of amyloid deposits in one or multiple organs. The pathogenesis and pathologic findings of amyloidosis can vary widely due to the nature of the precursor protein. In veterinary medicine, there are 10 proteins known to form amyloid deposits in various organs. This review aims to compare amyloidosis cases among different free-living wild and zoo animals focussing in part on the determination of the species particularly susceptible to the amyloid formation and specific prone-to-aggregate protein commonly involved. This review addresses the transmission of AA amyloidosis pertinent to institutions, such as zoos, housing multiple individuals and species in relatively close proximity. In addition, this review includes summarisation for definitive diagnosis of single or multiple cases of amyloidosis affecting free-living wild and zoo animals. Insights into the diversity, transmission, and pathogenesis of known amyloidogenic proteins and species prevalently affected may help to establish a preventive intervention and stimulate the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey B Penticoff
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hannah K Hipkiss
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ashley A Hetak
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dalen W Agnew
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jessica S Fortin
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Kadota A, Iwaide S, Miyazaki S, Mitsui I, Machida N, Murakami T. Pathology and Proteomics-Based Diagnosis of Localized Light-Chain Amyloidosis in Dogs and Cats. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:658-665. [PMID: 32880234 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820934113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is classified according to the amyloid precursor protein, and accurate diagnosis of the amyloidosis type may guide appropriate treatment. Immunohistochemistry and Congo red staining are the most frequently used methods used to distinguish types of amyloidosis, but problems with specificity and sensitivity indicate the need for an alternative diagnostic method. In this study, we evaluated laser microdissection-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LMD-LC-MS/MS) for the diagnosis of amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis in animals. Plasmacytomas with amyloid deposits from 15 dogs and 2 cats were subjected to Congo red staining with or without potassium permanganate pretreatment, immunohistochemistry for kappa and lambda light chains, and LMD-LC-MS/MS. Congo red staining was diagnostic in 12 of 17 cases based on resistance to potassium permanganate pretreatment, but in 5 of 17 cases the pretreatment unexpectedly reduced Congo red staining or abrogated the birefringence and a definitive diagnosis could not be reached. Immunohistochemistry detected kappa or lambda light chains in 6 of 17 cases. With LMD-LC-MS/MS, immunoglobulin lambda light chain was detected in all 17 cases. The amyloid signature proteins ApoA-I, ApoA-IV, and ApoE were detected in 9, 1, and 3 of the 15 canine cases by LMD-LC-MS/MS, but not in the feline cases. In conclusion, LMD-LC-MS/MS consistently determined the amyloid type in all examined specimens, while Congo red staining after potassium permanganate treatment and immunohistochemistry were less sensitive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Kadota
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Iwaide
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Miyazaki
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikki Mitsui
- 13019Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | - Noboru Machida
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Bianco C, Sánchez-Cordón PJ, Verin R, Godinho A, Weyer U, Lesellier S, Spiropoulos J, Floyd T, Everest D, Núñez A. Investigation into the Pathology of Idiopathic Systemic Amyloidosis in Four Captive Badgers (Meles meles). J Comp Pathol 2020; 176:128-132. [PMID: 32359625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic idiopathic amyloidosis was described in four captive badgers (Meles meles). Two animals (B1 and B2) were not enrolled in any trial, while animals B3 and B4 took part in a vaccine efficacy study and had been challenged with Mycobacterium bovis. A full set of tissues was collected and processed routinely for histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Splenomegaly was found in three out of four animals. Histopathological evaluation revealed congophilic, permanganate-resistant systemic amyloid deposits in the tissues of all badgers. Animals B2 and B4 displayed a marked granulomatous response to amyloid within the spleen. Animals B1 and B2 also displayed clinicopathological findings suggestive of chronic kidney disease. Ultrastructural examination identified peculiar star-shaped arrays of amyloid. Immunohistochemical studies were unrewarding. Systemic amyloidosis should be considered among the differentials of wasting in captive badgers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bianco
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Lasswade, UK.
| | | | - R Verin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Godinho
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - U Weyer
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - S Lesellier
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - J Spiropoulos
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - T Floyd
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - D Everest
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - A Núñez
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
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4
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Carnaccini S, Shivaprasad HL, Cutler G, Bland M, Meng XJ, Kenney SP, Bickford AA, Cooper G, Charlton B, Sentíes-Cué CG. Characterization of Seven Outbreaks of Hemorrhagic Hepatopathy Syndrome in Commercial Pullets Following the Administration of a Salmonella Enteritidis Bacterin in California. Avian Dis 2016; 60:33-42. [PMID: 26953941 DOI: 10.1637/11297-100915-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Between April 2013 and April 2015, seven flocks belonging to three different major commercial egg producers inCalifornia experienced a mild increase in mortality 2 to 3 wk after administration of Salmonella Enteritidis bacterins. Strains of chickens involved were H&N (flock A1, A2, B2, C1, C2, and C3) and Lohmann white (flock B1). Vaccination was administered individually through injection either in the breast muscles or subcutis in the legs between 11 and 18 wk of age in all flocks. Clinical signs ranged from inapparent to lameness, reluctance to walk, greenish diarrhea, and retching-like symptoms. The mortality ranged from 0.16% to 1.38% per week, with the highest peaks occurring usually 2 to 3 wk postvaccination, and then declined rapidly. Postmortem examinations revealed enlarged livers with disseminated hemorrhages and pale foci of necrosis. Also, severe extensive hemorrhages in the intestine, heart, and proventriculus were observed in a few birds. Various degrees of productive, exudative giant cell granulomatous myositis were observed invading deeply the muscles and subcutis at the site of vaccination. The myositis was always associated with optically empty vacuoles positive for neutral lipids by Oil Red O stain. Droplets of Oil Red O material were also noticed in the affected livers and intestines. Congo red stain highlighted the presence of amyloid in moderate to severe amounts in the breast muscles and moderate amounts in livers, spleens, and intestines. Salmonella antigens were detected in the injection sites and livers by immunohistochemical staining. No viruses or toxic substances were recovered from the liver, spleen, intestine, and pectoral muscles, and the few bacteria isolated were interpreted as secondary postmortem invaders. In addition, livers and bile tested for hepatitis E virus were negative by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carnaccini
- A California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - H L Shivaprasad
- B California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Tulare Branch, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - G Cutler
- C Cutler Veterinary Associates International, P.O. Box 1042, Moorpark, CA 93020
| | - M Bland
- C Cutler Veterinary Associates International, P.O. Box 1042, Moorpark, CA 93020
| | - X J Meng
- D Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - S P Kenney
- D Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - A A Bickford
- A California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - G Cooper
- A California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - B Charlton
- A California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380.,E Deceased
| | - C G Sentíes-Cué
- A California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380
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Kamiie J, Sugahara G, Yoshimoto S, Aihara N, Mineshige T, Uetsuka K, Shirota K. Identification of a Unique Amyloid Sequence in AA Amyloidosis of a Pig Associated With Streptococcus Suis Infection. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:111-118. [PMID: 27520112 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816653792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a pig with amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis associated with Streptococcus suis infection and identification of a unique amyloid sequence in the amyloid deposits in the tissue. Tissues from the 180-day-old underdeveloped pig contained foci of necrosis and suppurative inflammation associated with S. suis infection. Congo red stain, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy revealed intense AA deposition in the spleen and renal glomeruli. Mass spectrometric analysis of amyloid material extracted from the spleen showed serum AA 2 (SAA2) peptide as well as a unique peptide sequence previously reported in a pig with AA amyloidosis. The common detection of the unique amyloid sequence in the current and past cases of AA amyloidosis in pigs suggests that this amyloid sequence might play a key role in the development of porcine AA amyloidosis. An in vitro fibrillation assay demonstrated that the unique AA peptide formed typically rigid, long amyloid fibrils (10 nm wide) and the N-terminus peptide of SAA2 formed zigzagged, short fibers (7 nm wide). Moreover, the SAA2 peptide formed long, rigid amyloid fibrils in the presence of sonicated amyloid fibrils formed by the unique AA peptide. These findings indicate that the N-terminus of SAA2 as well as the AA peptide mediate the development of AA amyloidosis in pigs via cross-seeding polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kamiie
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - G Sugahara
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Yoshimoto
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - N Aihara
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Mineshige
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - K Shirota
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Tajima Y, Maeda K, Yamada TK. Pathological findings and probable causes of the death of Stejneger's beaked whales (Mesoplodon stejnegeri) stranded in Japan from 1999 and 2011. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:45-51. [PMID: 25328004 PMCID: PMC4349536 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and twenty stranding events of Stejneger's beaked whales were reported in Japan between 1999 and 2011. The purpose of this study is to introduce pathological data and to discuss probable causes of death for 44 Stejneger's beaked whales among them. The significant pathological findings were the pulmonary edema, parasitic granulomatous nephritis, emaciation, amyloidosis, suppurative bronchopneumonia and so on. The probable causes of death were categorized as noninfectious in 43 of the cases, which included drowning, starvation and secondary amyloidosis. One individual was diagnosed with septicemia, which was the only example of an infectious disease. Because we could not always perform advanced analyses, such as microbiology tests, biotoxin examinations or contaminant analyses, the finality of our findings may be impaired. However, the present study has broad implications on the causes of death of Stejneger's beaked whales of the seas around Japan, which are valuable for the future studies and for the detection of emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tajima
- Division of Vertebrate, Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
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8
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A concise review of amyloidosis in animals. Vet Med Int 2012; 2012:427296. [PMID: 22577608 PMCID: PMC3329740 DOI: 10.1155/2012/427296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis refers to a group of protein misfolding diseases characterized by deposition of a particular amyloid protein in various organs and tissues of animals and humans. Various types and clinical forms of amyloidosis, in which the pathology and pathogenesis is diverse depending upon the underlying causes and species affected, are reported in domestic and wild animals. The clinical findings are also quite variable consequent to the variation of the tissues and organs involved and the extent of functional disruption of the affected organs in various animal species. The affected organs may be enlarged and exhibit variable pallor grossly, or the amyloid deposit may be discernible only after microscopic examination of the affected tissues. Amyloid appears as a pale eosinophilic homogenous extracellular deposit in tissues. However, microscopic examination and Congo red staining with green birefringence under polarized light are needed to confirm amyloid and differentiate it from other apparently similar extracellular deposits such as collagen and fibrin. Identifying the type of amyloid deposit needs immunohistochemical staining, ultrastructural characterization of the amyloid fibril, and if feasible also genetic studies of the involved species for clinical and prognostic purposes. This paper provides a concise review of the occurrence of amyloidosis in domestic and wild animals.
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Generalized Amyloidosis in an Eastern Bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci). J Zoo Wildl Med 2011; 42:149-52. [DOI: 10.1638/2010-0081.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Hampel MR, Kinne J, Wernery U, Pospischil A, Kellermann J, Linke RP. Increasing fatal AA amyloidosis in hunting falcons and how to identify the risk: a report from the United Arab Emirates. Amyloid 2009; 16:122-32. [PMID: 19657764 DOI: 10.1080/13506120903090759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In hunting falcons, a fatal syndrome of wasting, weight loss, green mutes and, finally, sudden death of emaciated birds has been observed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Histological examination using Congo red has revealed amyloid in most organs, in particular in the liver, spleen, kidney, and adrenal glands. Moreover, a retrospective study revealed amyloidosis in 100 cases among a total of 623 necropsied falcons between August 1995 and March 2004 in Dubai/UAE (16%; varying from 8 to 30% in different raptor bird species). The amyloid was immunohistochemically classified as amyloid A (AA), which was confirmed by Western blot analysis and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis, suggesting it to be secondary to a chronic inflammatory process. Retrospective analysis has indicated a significantly increased prevalence of bumble foot and visceral gout among falcons with amyloidosis. In addition, a significant increase of amyloidosis from 5.6% of necropsied falcons with amyloidosis in 1995 to 40.0% in 2004 has been noticed. Finally, a semi-quantitative serum test for falcon serum amyloid A (f-SAA) has been developed. Among 38 falcons with fatal AA amyloidosis, f-SAA was increased pathologically in 36, whereas f-SAA was elevated in only one of 15 apparently disease-free falcons (p < 0.001). This significant result indicates that a normal f-SAA will indicate a minimal or even absent risk of succumbing to AA amyloidosis.
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Secondary Amyloidosis and Renal Failure in a Captive California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus). J Zoo Wildl Med 2008; 39:274-8. [DOI: 10.1638/2007-0096r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kovács BM, Toussaint MJM, Gruys E, Fábián IB, Szilágyi L, Janan J, Rudas P. Evaluation of goose serum amyloid a acute phase response by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acta Vet Hung 2007; 55:349-57. [PMID: 17867462 DOI: 10.1556/avet.55.2007.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is of interest as the circulating precursor of amyloid A protein, the fibrillar component of AA (secondary) amyloid deposits, and also as an extremely sensitive and rapid major acute phase protein. Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs) provide valuable information about the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, and thus the relevance of APPs for monitoring the health status of domestic animals is widely accepted. More importantly, the measurement of SAA concentration assists in assessing the prognosis in secondary amyloidosis, which is a common disease of geese, affecting an increasing number of animals. In the present study we introduce a highly sensitive goose-specific ELISA method for measuring SAA concentration in goose serum or plasma samples. Samples were taken from geese of the Landes Grey and Hungarian White breeds, which were stimulated for an acute phase reaction by administration of a commercially available fowl cholera vaccine containing inactivated Pasteurella multocida. Strong and characteristically rapid acute phase responses were measured in both breeds, peaking at approximately 24 h after inoculation. The maximum SAA concentration was 1200 microg/ml. At 72 h postinoculation, the concentrations returned to pre-inoculation values. There was significantly (p = 0.004) less intense response in the control groups; however, a very mild increase of SAA levels was detected due to the stress inevitably caused by the sampling procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Marianna Kovács
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent Istvin University, H-1078 Budapest, István u. 2, Hungary.
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Tajima Y, Shimada A, Yamada TK, Cowan DF. AMYLOIDOSIS IN TWO STEJNEGER'S BEAKED WHALES (MESOPLODON STEJNEGERI) STRANDED AT THE SEA OF JAPAN. J Zoo Wildl Med 2007; 38:108-13. [PMID: 17469284 DOI: 10.1638/05-108.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a disease characterized by the tissue deposition of autologous extracellular fibrillar proteins that can result in compression of adjacent tissues. Amyloidosis is well-recognized in a wide variety of animals, including mammals, birds, and reptiles. However, to date, there is only one report of amyloidosis in cetaceans. During 1999 and 2000, among 12 Stejneger's beaked whales (Mesoplodon stejnegeri) that were stranded along the Sea of Japan's coast, amyloidosis was found in two whales (case 1, 498 cm, male; case 2, 520 cm, female). For this study population, the prevalence rate of amyloidosis was approximately 17%. These two animals were considered physically and sexually mature based on body length, external features, gonad characteristics, and skeletal features. Livers were notably swollen, fragile, and pale (brownish yellow) on gross examination. A large deposit of amyloid was found in Disse's spaces along with marked atrophy of the hepatocytes. Numerous granulomas, including many nematodes (Crassicauda sp.), were found along with amyloid deposition in the kidneys. Amyloid was also detected in the heart, spleen, adrenal gland, and pancreas. Amyloid in both cases was identified by typical morphology on H&E and Congo red staining. Electron microscopy displayed a typical network of fine fibrils measuring about 11 nm in diameter. This is the first report of amyloidosis in two Stejneger's beaked whales stranded on the coast of the Sea of Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tajima
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0555, USA
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