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Palmer MV, Kanipe C, Boggiatto PM. The Bovine Tuberculoid Granuloma. Pathogens 2022; 11:61. [PMID: 35056009 PMCID: PMC8780557 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine tuberculoid granuloma is the hallmark lesion of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) due to Mycobacterium bovis infection. The pathogenesis of bTB, and thereby the process of bovine tuberculoid granuloma development, involves the recruitment, activation, and maintenance of cells under the influence of antigen, cytokines and chemokines in affected lungs and regional lymph nodes. The granuloma is key to successful control of bTB by preventing pathogen dissemination through containment by cellular and fibrotic layers. Paradoxically, however, it may also provide a niche for bacterial replication. The morphologic and cellular characteristics of granulomas have been used to gauge disease severity in bTB pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy studies. As such, it is critical to understand the complex mechanisms behind granuloma initiation, development, and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell V. Palmer
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.K.); (P.M.B.)
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2
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Mitchell JL, Del Pozo J, Woolley CSC, Dheendsa R, Hope JC, Gunn-Moore DA. Histological and immunohistochemical features suggesting aetiological differences in lymph node and (muco)cutaneous feline tuberculosis lesions. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:174-187. [PMID: 34101189 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and describe histological and immunohistochemical criteria that may differentiate between skin and lymph node lesions associated with Mycobacterium (M.) bovis and M. microti in a diagnostic pathology setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Archived skin and lymph node biopsies of tuberculous lesions were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Ziehl-Neelsen and Masson's Trichrome. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of calprotectin, CD3 and Pax5. Samples were scored for histological parameters (i.e. granulomas with central necrosis versus small granulomas without central necrosis, percentage necrosis and/or multinucleated giant cells), number of acid-fast bacilli (bacterial index) and lesion percentage of fibrosis and positive immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Twenty-two samples were examined (M. bovis n=11, M. microti n=11). When controlling for age, gender and tissue, feline M. bovis-associated lesions more often featured large multi-layered granulomas with central necrosis. Conversely, this presentation was infrequent in feline M. microti-associated lesions, where small granulomas without central necrosis predominated. The presence of an outer fibrous capsule was variable in both groups, as was the bacterial index. There were no differences in intralesional expression of immunohistochemical markers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Differences in the histological appearance of skin and lymph node lesions may help to infer feline infection with either M. bovis or M. microti at an earlier stage when investigating these cases, informing clinicians of the potential zoonotic risk. Importantly, cases of tuberculosis can present with numerous acid-fast bacilli. This implies that a high bacterial index does not infer infection with non-zoonotic non-tuberculous mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Mitchell
- *Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - J Del Pozo
- *Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - C S C Woolley
- *Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - R Dheendsa
- *Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - J C Hope
- *Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - D A Gunn-Moore
- *Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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Choe D, Song SM, Shin CS, Johnston TV, Ahn HJ, Kim D, Ku S. Production and Characterization of Anti-Inflammatory Monascus Pigment Derivatives. Foods 2020; 9:E858. [PMID: 32630165 PMCID: PMC7404703 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of chronic inflammation using food-derived compounds are desirable from the perspectives of marketing and safety. Monascus pigments, widely used as food additives, can be used as a chronic inflammation treatment. Orange Monascus pigments were produced by submerged fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor, and multiple orange Monascus pigment derivatives with anti-inflammatory activities were synthesized using aminophilic reaction. A total of 41 types of pigment derivatives were produced by incorporating amines and amino acids into the orange pigments. One derivative candidate that inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in Raw 264.7 cells and exhibited low cell cytotoxicity was identified via in vitro assay. The 2-amino-4 picoline derivative inhibited NO production of 48.4%, and exhibited cell viability of 90.6%. Expression of inducible NO synthase, an important enzyme in the NO synthesis pathway, was suppressed by such a derivative in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, this derivative has potential as a functional food colorant with anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokyeong Choe
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA; (D.C.); (T.V.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Soo Min Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.M.S.); (C.S.S.)
| | - Chul Soo Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.M.S.); (C.S.S.)
| | - Tony V. Johnston
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA; (D.C.); (T.V.J.)
| | - Hyung Jin Ahn
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Department of Biology, Hood College, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA; (D.C.); (T.V.J.)
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Han Z, Fan Y, Yang Z, Loor JJ, Yang Y. Mammary Transcriptome Profile during Peak and Late Lactation Reveals Differentially Expression Genes Related to Inflammation and Immunity in Chinese Holstein. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030510. [PMID: 32204353 PMCID: PMC7143190 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Milk somatic cell count, referring to the total number of somatic cells per milliliter of bovine milk, changes regularly during the lactation cycle. The somatic cell count of healthy cows is usually higher in late lactation than in peak lactation. When the inflammatory response in dairy cow mammary gland becomes more intense, the milk somatic cell count increases together with the reduction of milk quality and yield. Autoimmunity was thought to play an important role in the prevention of mastitis in late lactation of dairy cattle. However, the underlying mechanisms related to the gene expression levels during the process remain unknown. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed to screen the differentially expressed genes related to the inflammation and immunity in healthy Chinese Holstein mammary glands. Our findings are helpful to understand the physiological functions of mammary inflammation of Chinese Holstein during late lactation. Abstract Somatic cell count (SCC) in milk is widely used in the dairy industry, as an indicator of the health of mammary gland. While the SCC of dairy cattle was higher in late lactation than in peak lactation, its association with gene expressions of mammary gland were largely unknown. In this study, a transcriptomic sequencing approach and bioinformatics analysis were used to investigate the differential expressed genes (DEGs) associated with inflammation and immunity between peak and late periods of lactation in Chinese Holstein. A total of 446 DEGs (padj < 0.05 and fold change >2) were identified, 50 of which belonged to seven pathways and five terms related to inflammation and immunity. Our data suggested that the activation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway caused inflammatory response, and the activation of chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway caused a protective immune response to ensure dairy cows health during late lactation. Our findings deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanism and physiological functions of mammary inflammation in Chinese Holstein during late lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.H.); (Y.F.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongliang Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.H.); (Y.F.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.H.); (Y.F.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); Tel.: +86-0514-87979269 (Z.Y.); Tel.: +86-0514-87977081 (Y.Y.)
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); Tel.: +86-0514-87979269 (Z.Y.); Tel.: +86-0514-87977081 (Y.Y.)
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Ozturk-Gurgen H, Rieseberg B, Leipig-Rudolph M, Straubinger RK, Hermanns W. Morphology of Naturally-Occurring Tuberculosis in Cattle Caused by Mycobacterium caprae. J Comp Pathol 2020; 174:120-139. [PMID: 31955797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the pathomorphological alterations of bovine tuberculosis through gross and histopathological examinations, assessment of the distribution of lesions and the demonstration of mycobacteria. Samples from lungs, liver, small intestine, their regional lymph nodes and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were collected from 84 cattle with tuberculosis from the Allgäu, Germany. Organs were evaluated grossly, histopathologically and by transmission electron microscopy. Mycobacteria and mycobacterial antigens were demonstrated using acid-fast staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Bacteriological tests revealed Mycobacterium caprae in all animals. Gross alterations were classified into five patterns (I to V) with an additional pattern of acute exudative pulmonary inflammation (pattern VI). Histological lesions were classified into four types (1-4) with additional lesions occurring in lungs only. Acid-fast staining revealed a low number of bacteria in all tissues, while IHC showed comparatively more mycobacterial antigens within the lesions and also at their periphery. The alimentary tract (68%) was the main portal of entry followed by an aerosol infection (19%). It was assumed that the observed lesions reflect a continuous primary period of infection; there were no lesions typical of a secondary (post-primary) period, as reported in man and also described in the older literature on bovine tuberculosis. The broad spectrum of changes described formerly was not observed in the present cases and the route of infection and nature of acid fast staining showed differences when compared with previous studies of naturally-occurring bovine tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ozturk-Gurgen
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Germany.
| | - B Rieseberg
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Germany
| | - M Leipig-Rudolph
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Germany
| | - R K Straubinger
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - W Hermanns
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Germany
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Exploring the association between polymorphisms at 3’UTR SLC11A1 gene microsatellites and resistance to tuberculosis: A case-control study in Bos taurus dairy cattle. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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In vivo cellular reactions to different biomaterials—Physiological and pathological aspects and their consequences. Semin Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Liu K, Zhang B, Teng Z, Wang Y, Dong G, Xu C, Qin B, Song C, Chai J, Li Y, Shi X, Shu X, Zhang Y. Association between SLC11A1 (NRAMP1) polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in Chinese Holstein cattle. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 103:10-15. [PMID: 28237028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the associations between SLC11A1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in Chinese Holstein cattle, using a case-control study of 136 animals that had positive reactions to TB tests and showed symptoms and 96 animals that had negative reactions to tests and showed no symptoms. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing and the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique were used to detect and determine SLC11A1 polymorphisms. Association analysis identified significant correlations between SLC11A1 polymorphisms and susceptibility/resistance to TB, and two genetic markers for SLC11A1 were established using PCR-RFLP. Sequence alignment of SLC11A1 revealed seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This is the first report of MaeII PCR-RFLP markers for the SLC11A1-SNP3 site and PstI PCR-RFLP markers for the SLC11A1-SNP5 and SLC11A1-SNP6 sites in Chinese Holstein cattle. Logistic regression analysis indicated that SLC11A1-SNP1, SLC11A1-SNP3, and SLC11A1-SNP5 were significantly associated with susceptibility/resistance to TB. Two genotypes of SLC11A1-SNP3 were susceptible to TB, whereas one genotype of SLC11A1-SNP1 and two genotypes of SLC11A1-SNP5 were resistant. Haplotype analysis showed that nine haplotypes were potentially resistant to TB. After Bonferroni correction, three of the haplotypes remained significantly associated with TB resistance. SLC11A1 is a useful candidate gene related to TB in Chinese Holstein cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhaochun Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Youtao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guodong Dong
- Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention of Yunnan Province, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention of Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bo Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chunlian Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jun Chai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xianwei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xianghua Shu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Yifang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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9
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Fernández M, Benavides J, Castaño P, Elguezabal N, Fuertes M, Muñoz M, Royo M, Ferreras MC, Pérez V. Macrophage Subsets Within Granulomatous Intestinal Lesions in Bovine Paratuberculosis. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:82-93. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985816653794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Animals infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis show a variety of granulomatous lesions that range from focal forms, seen in the subclinical stages, to diffuse lesions associated with clinical signs. The aim of this study was to phenotypically characterize the macrophages present in the different lesion types using immunohistochemical methods. Lesions from a total of 23 animals with bovine paratuberculosis, natural and experimental, were examined by immunohistochemistry. Antibodies against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), CD163, interleukin 10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp-1), calprotectin, Ki-67, CD68, lysozyme, and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) molecules were employed. Samples were scored semiquantitatively using a complete histological score (H-score), reflecting the staining intensity and the percentage of immunolabeled macrophages. Differences in the H-score were seen depending on the lesion type. In focal lesions, with none or few acid-fast bacilli (AFB), macrophages were polarized toward M1 phenotype, with high H-scores for iNOS and TNF-α. Diffuse multibacillary lesions showed M2 differentiation, with high expression of CD163, IL-10, and TGF-β as well as Nramp-1 and MHC class II antigens. Macrophages in diffuse paucibacillary forms showed high H-scores for iNOS but low ones for TNF-α. Diffuse lesions, either multibacillary or paucibacillary, showed high calprotectin and low Ki-67 expression, suggesting a progressive character, while focal forms, with low H-scores for these antigens, would be consistent with latency. Lysozyme and CD68 expression were related to the amount of AFB. H-score for Iba-1 antibody was similar among all types. The findings of this study provide insights into the polarization status of macrophages and lesion development in bovine paratuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fernández
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - J. Benavides
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - P. Castaño
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - N. Elguezabal
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - M. Fuertes
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - M. Muñoz
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - M. Royo
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - M. C. Ferreras
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - V. Pérez
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
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Cheng Y, Huang C, Tsai HJ. Relationship of bovine NOS2 gene polymorphisms to the risk of bovine tuberculosis in Holstein cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:281-6. [PMID: 26468216 PMCID: PMC4785118 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies suggest significant genetic variation in the resistance of cattle and humans to infection with
Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of zoonotic tuberculosis. The inducible nitric
oxide synthase (iNOS which is encoded by the NOS2 gene) plays a key role in the immunological
control of a broad spectrum of infectious agents. This study aimed to investigate the influence of genetic
variations in the promoter of the NOS2 gene on bovine tuberculosis (bTB) susceptibility. In
this study, the NOS2 genes of 74 bTB-infected Holstein cows and 90 healthy controls were
genotyped using PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing. Polymorphisms at rs207692718, rs109279434, rs209895548,
rs385993919, rs433717754, rs383366213, rs466730386, rs715225976, rs525673647, rs720757654 and g.19958101T>G
in the promoter region of the NOS2 gene were detected. The g.19958101T>G SNP produced two
different conformation patterns (TT and TG) and the TG genotype was over-represented in the bTB group (20.27%)
compared with the control group (2.22%). The TG genotype frequency of the g.19958101T>G variant was
significantly higher in bTB cattle than in healthy controls (OR, 11.19; 95% CI, 2.47–50.73;
P=0.0002). The G allele of the g.19958101T>G polymorphism was more frequent in bTB group
when compared to control group (10.14% versus 1.11%). Furthermore, the G allele was a risk factor for bTB
susceptibility (OR, 10.04; 95% CI, 2.26–44.65; P=0.0002). In conclusion, the g.19958101T>G
polymorphism of the NOS2 gene may contribute to the susceptibility of Holstein cattle to
bTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafen Cheng
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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11
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Mycobacterial glycolipids di-O-acylated trehalose and tri-O-acylated trehalose downregulate inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production in macrophages. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:38. [PMID: 26100760 PMCID: PMC4477496 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious human health problem that affects millions of people in the world. Understanding the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is essential for tackling this devastating disease. Mtb possesses a very complex cell envelope containing a variety of lipid components that participate in the establishment of the infection. We have previously demonstrated that di-O-acylated trehalose (DAT), a non-covalently linked cell wall glycolipid, inhibits the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the production of cytokines. Results In this work we show that DAT and the closely related tri-O-acylated trehalose (TAT) inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in macrophages (MØ). Conclusions These findings show that DAT and TAT are cell-wall located virulence factors that downregulate an important effector of the immune response against mycobacteria.
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Margulies BS, DeBoyace SD, Parsons AM, Policastro CG, Ee JSS, Damron TS. Functionally deficient mesenchymal stem cells reside in the bone marrow niche with M2-macrophages and amyloid-β protein adjacent to loose total joint implants. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:615-24. [PMID: 25418884 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We sought to demonstrate whether there is a difference in the local mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) niche obtained from patients undergoing their first total joint replacement surgery versus those patients undergoing a revision surgery for an failing total joint implant. Bone marrow aspirates collected from patients undergoing revision total joint arthroplasty were observed to be less clonal and the expression of PDGFRα, CD51, ALCAM, endoglin, CXCL12, nestin, and nucleostemin were decreased. Revision MSC were also less able to commit to an osteoblast-lineage or an adipocyte-lineage. Further, in revision MSC, OPG, and IL6 expression were increased. Monocytes, derived from revision whole marrow aspirates, were less capable of differentiating into osteoclasts, the cells implicated in the pathologic degradation of bone. Osteoclasts were also not observed in tissue samples collected adjacent to the implants of revision patients; however, the alternatatively activated M2-macrophage phenotype was observed in parallel with pathologic accumulations of amyloid-β, τ-protien and 3-nitrotyrosine. Despite the limited numbers of patients examined, our data suggest that nucleostemin may be a useful functional marker for MSC while the observation of M2-macrophage infiltration around the implant lays the foundation for future investigation into a novel mechanism that we propose is associated with loose total joint implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan S Margulies
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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Comparison of gene expression of immune mediators in lung and pulmonary lymph node granulomas from cattle experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 160:81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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López-Rincón G, Gutiérrez-Pabello JÁ, Díaz-Otero F, Muñoz-Valle JF, Pereira-Suárez AL, Estrada-Chávez C. Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle induces differential expression of prolactin receptor isoforms in macrophages. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 36:619-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Oxidative stress and free-radical oxidation in bcg granulomatosis development. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:452546. [PMID: 23738038 PMCID: PMC3655644 DOI: 10.1155/2013/452546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background. Little is known about the role of free-radical and oxidative stress signaling in granuloma maturation and resolution. We aimed to study the activity of free-radical oxidation processes in the dynamics of BCG-induced generalized granulomatosis in mice. Methods. Chronic granulomatous inflammation was induced in male BALB/c mice by intravenously injecting the BCG vaccine, and the production of oxidative stress (activity of free-radical oxidation processes) and histological changes in the lungs, liver, and peritoneal exudate were measured 3, 30, 60, and 90 days after infection. Results. The tuberculous granuloma numerical density and diameter continuously increased from day 30 to day 90, and the macrophage content within the granulomas progressively diminished with a concomitant elevation in the number of epithelioid cells. The activity of the free-radical oxidation processes in the liver (i.e., the intensity of the homogenate chemiluminescence) reached a maximum at postinfection day 60 and subsequently began to decrease. The peak generation of reactive oxygen species by phagocytes in the peritoneal exudate (measured using flow cytometry) was also shifted in time and fell on day 30. Conclusions. The rise in the steady-state concentration of H2O2 in the liver of mice with BCG-induced granulomatosis is not related to local H2O2 production by phagocytes, and a decrease in the severity of generalized inflammation precedes the resolution of local inflammation.
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Mycobacterium bovis DNA detection in colostrum as a potential indicator of vaccination effectiveness against bovine tuberculosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:627-33. [PMID: 23425597 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00566-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains a problem on many dairy farms in Mexico, as well as a public health risk. We previously found a high frequency of Mycobacterium bovis DNA in colostrum from dairy cows using a nested PCR to detect mpb70. Since there are no reliable in vivo tests to determine the effectiveness of booster Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination against bTB, in this work we monitored M. bovis DNA in colostrum by using this nested PCR. In order to decrease the risk of adverse reactions in animals likely containing viable M. bovis, a single application of BCG and a subunit vaccine (EEP-1) formulated with M. bovis culture filtrate proteins (CFP) and a copolymer as the adjuvant was performed in tuberculin skin test-negative cattle (TST(-)), while TST reactor animals (TST(+)) received EEP-1 only. Booster immunization using EEP-1 was applied to both groups, 2 months after primary vaccination to whole herds and 12 months later to lactating cows. Colostrum samples were collected from 6 farms where the cows were vaccinated over a 12-month period postvaccination and, for comparison, from one control farm where the cows were not vaccinated with comparable bTB prevalence. We observed an inverse relationship between the frequency of M. bovis DNA detection and time postvaccination at the first (P < 0.001) and second (P < 0.0001) 6-month periods. Additionally, the concentration of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was higher in mpb70 PCR-positive colostrum samples (P = 0.0003). These results suggest that M. bovis DNA frequency in colostrum could be a potentially useful biomarker for bTB vaccine efficacy on commercial dairy farms.
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Sanchez J, Tomás L, Ortega N, Buendía A, del Rio L, Salinas J, Bezos J, Caro M, Navarro J. Microscopical and Immunological Features of Tuberculoid Granulomata and Cavitary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Naturally Infected Goats. J Comp Pathol 2011; 145:107-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hermeyer K, Jacobsen B, Spergser J, Rosengarten R, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Detection of Mycoplasma bovis by In-Situ Hybridization and Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, Nitrotyrosine and Manganese Superoxide Dismutase in the Lungs of Experimentally-Infected Calves. J Comp Pathol 2011; 145:240-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Quinn MT, Schepetkin IA. Role of NADPH oxidase in formation and function of multinucleated giant cells. J Innate Immun 2009; 1:509-26. [PMID: 20375608 DOI: 10.1159/000228158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play essential roles in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. One of the unique features of these phagocytic leukocytes is their ability to fuse, forming multinucleated giant cells. Multinucleated giant cells are important mediators of tissue remodeling and repair and are also responsible for removal or sequestration of foreign material, intracellular bacteria and non-phagocytosable pathogens, such as parasites and fungi. Depending on the tissue where fusion occurs and the inflammatory insult, multinucleated giant cells assume distinctly different phenotypes. Nevertheless, the ultimate outcome is the formation of large cells that can resorb bone tissue (osteoclasts) or foreign material and pathogens (giant cells) extracellularly. While progress has been made in recent years, the mechanisms and factors involved in macrophage fusion are still not fully understood. In addition to cytokines and a number of adhesion proteins and receptors, it is becoming increasingly clear that NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) also play an important role in macrophage fusion. In this review, we provide an overview of macrophage multinucleation, with a specific focus on the role of NADPH oxidases and ROS in macrophage fusion and in the function of multinucleated giant cells. In addition, we provide an updated overview of the role of these cells in inflammation and various autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Quinn
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
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20
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Delgado F, Estrada-Chávez C, Romano M, Paolicchi F, Blanco-Viera F, Capellino F, Chavez-Gris G, Pereira-Suárez AL. Expression of NRAMP1 and iNOS in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis naturally infected cattle. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 33:389-400. [PMID: 19345998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic disease caused by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that affects several animal species, and some studies have suggested that there may be a relationship between Crohn's disease and PTB. Significant aspects of PTB pathogenesis are not yet completely understood, such as the role of macrophages. Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) molecules have shown nonspecific effects against several intracellular pathogens residing within macrophages. However, these molecules have been scarcely studied during natural infection with MAP. In this work, changes in NRAMP1 and iNOS expression were surveyed by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from MAP-infected cattle and healthy controls. Our findings show strong specific immunolabeling against both NRAMP1 and iNOS molecules, throughout granulomatous PTB-compatible lesions in ileum and ileocaecal lymph nodes from paratuberculous cattle compared with uninfected controls, suggesting a relationship between the expression of these molecules and the pathogenesis of PTB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Delgado
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas, AP CC 77 (1708), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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SLC11A1 gene polymorphisms are not associated to somatic cell score and milk yield in Chinese Holstein. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 127:389-92. [PMID: 19070368 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2008] [Revised: 10/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been well established that mutations of the solute carrier family 11 A1 (SLC11A1) gene are responsible for susceptibility to a number of intracellular pathogens. Mastitis is the most common and most costly disease of dairy cattle, commonly caused by bacteria. As SLC11A1 protein is involved in bacterial killing, we assumed SLC11A1 gene as a candidate gene for bovine mastitis resistance. In this study, polymorphisms in the SLC11A1 gene were identified in the Chinese Holstein population. Genotypes were constructed, and their associations with somatic cell score and milk yield were determined. Single-strand conformation polymorphisms and DNA sequencing were used to reveal polymorphisms in SLC11A1 gene. A SNP in coding region and a variation of GT repeats in 3'-untranslated region were detected. The SNP resulted in an amino acid variation of p.P356A in transmembrane 8 of SLC11A1 peptide, which is the most conserved consecutive region. However, no associations were observed between the detected polymorphisms and somatic cell scores and milk yield in the Chinese Holstein population.
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Serrano-Moreno BA, Romero TA, Arriaga C, Torres RA, Pereira-Suárez AL, García-Salazar JA, Estrada-Chávez C. High frequency of Mycobacterium bovis DNA in colostra from tuberculous cattle detected by nested PCR. Zoonoses Public Health 2008; 55:258-66. [PMID: 18454747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated by nested PCR reaction, different cow secretions from a herd with 48% of prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB), seeking to determine niches where Mycobacterium bovis could be found. Postmortem examination of 18 (75%) tuberculin reacting cows allowed demonstrates BTB-compatible lesions in six, all of them PCR positives in milk and four in colostra samples. Our results showed that up to 62% of the colostra analysed contained M. bovis DNA, whereas only 18% of milk gave a positive reaction. Moreover, in bronchoalveolar lavages from cattle with compatible lesions in lungs or lymph nodes, where macrophages account up to 90% of cells, we did not find evidences of M. bovis. Altogether, these results suggest that differences in the anti-bacterial capacity of bovine macrophages, dependent upon microenvironment and organ-specific factors, exist. Alternatively, we hypothesize that hypoxic conditions that are encountered in mammary glands macrophages could induce M. bovis entrance into a 'dormancy-like' state, and that the high number of colostra samples were M. bovis was detected, could be an indicator of reactivation during 'peripartum'.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Serrano-Moreno
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Estado de México, Mexico
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Palmer MV, Waters WR, Thacker TC. Lesion development and immunohistochemical changes in granulomas from cattle experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Vet Pathol 2007; 44:863-74. [PMID: 18039899 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-6-863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, persists within granulomas. Formation of granulomas involves a complex array of immune activation and cellular migration. To examine temporal changes in granuloma development, we inoculated 32 cattle with M. bovis of deer origin. Tissues from 4 calves each were examined at 15, 28, 42, 60, 90, 180, 270, and 370 days after inoculation. Granulomas in the medial retropharyngeal lymph node were staged (I-IV) on the basis of cellular composition and the presence or absence of necrosis and peripheral fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CD68, CD4, CD8, and gamma/delta T cells was performed. Fifteen days after inoculation only stage I granulomas were seen, while between 28 and 60 days, there was a steady progression through granuloma stages such that by day 60, granulomas of all 4 stages were seen. Acid-fast bacilli were present in moderate-to-large numbers in stage I granulomas 15-60 days after inoculation. Stage IV granulomas contained large numbers of acid-fast bacteria. Abundant iNOS immunoreactivity was associated with granulomas from day 15 through day 60 but was minimal from day 90 to the termination of the experiment. The relative number of CD4+ and CD68+ cells remained constant throughout the study. In contrast, at time points >60 days, numbers of CD8+ and gamma/delta T cells diminished. Tuberculous granulomas are dynamic lesions that follow an orderly progression through disease stages. Diminished expression of iNOS and reduced numbers of CD8+ and gamma/delta T cells late in the progression of tuberculous granulomas may represent a failure of the host response to control infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Palmer
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA.
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