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Hu S, Li S, Ning W, Huang X, Liu X, Deng Y, Franceschi D, Ogbuehi AC, Lethaus B, Savkovic V, Li H, Gaus S, Zimmerer R, Ziebolz D, Schmalz G, Huang S. Identifying crosstalk genetic biomarkers linking a neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson's disease, and periodontitis using integrated bioinformatics analyses. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1032401. [PMID: 36545026 PMCID: PMC9760933 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1032401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify the genetic linkage mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) and periodontitis, and explore the role of immunology in the crosstalk between both these diseases. Methods The gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets associated with whole blood tissue of PD patients and gingival tissue of periodontitis patients were obtained. Then, differential expression analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) deregulated in both diseases, which were defined as crosstalk genes. Inflammatory response-related genes (IRRGs) were downloaded from the MSigDB database and used for dividing case samples of both diseases into different clusters using k-means cluster analysis. Feature selection was performed using the LASSO model. Thus, the hub crosstalk genes were identified. Next, the crosstalk IRRGs were selected and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was applied to investigate the correlation between hub crosstalk genes and hub IRRGs. Additionally, immune infiltration analysis was performed to examine the enrichment of immune cells in both diseases. The correlation between hub crosstalk genes and highly enriched immune cells was also investigated. Results Overall, 37 crosstalk genes were found to be overlapping between the PD-associated DEGs and periodontitis-associated DEGs. Using clustering analysis, the most optimal clustering effects were obtained for periodontitis and PD when k = 2 and k = 3, respectively. Using the LASSO feature selection, five hub crosstalk genes, namely, FMNL1, MANSC1, PLAUR, RNASE6, and TCIRG1, were identified. In periodontitis, MANSC1 was negatively correlated and the other four hub crosstalk genes (FMNL1, PLAUR, RNASE6, and TCIRG1) were positively correlated with five hub IRRGs, namely, AQP9, C5AR1, CD14, CSF3R, and PLAUR. In PD, all five hub crosstalk genes were positively correlated with all five hub IRRGs. Additionally, RNASE6 was highly correlated with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in periodontitis, and MANSC1 was highly correlated with plasmacytoid dendritic cells in PD. Conclusion Five genes (i.e., FMNL1, MANSC1, PLAUR, RNASE6, and TCIRG1) were identified as crosstalk biomarkers linking PD and periodontitis. The significant correlation between these crosstalk genes and immune cells strongly suggests the involvement of immunology in linking both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Hu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shaonan Hu,
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanchen Ning
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Debora Franceschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Bernd Lethaus
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vuk Savkovic
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hanluo Li
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gaus
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Zimmerer
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shaohong Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Shaohong Huang,
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Heo SC, You JC, Jung S, Kim YN, Shin SH, Lee JY, Kim HJ. Pim-2 regulates bone resorptive activity of osteoclasts via V-ATPase a3 isoform expression in periodontal disease. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3381-3393. [PMID: 35696529 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic serine/threonine Pim kinases have emerged as important modulators of immune regulation and oncology. However, their regulatory roles in bone remodeling remain obscure. Here, we aimed to determine the roles of Pim kinases in periodontal disease (PD), focusing on the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorptive activity. We investigated Pim kinases expression in PD by analyzing data from the online Gene Expression Omnibus database and using ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model. The expression of Pim kinases during receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis was assessed in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity were respectively verified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and dentin disc-based bone resorption assays. We silenced and overexpressed Pim-2 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and retroviral vector, respectively, to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying Pim-2 regulation in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption activity. Upregulated expression of Pim-2 was observed in both patients with PD and periodontitis-affected mouse gingival tissues. siRNA-mediated silencing of Pim-2 in BMMs diminished RANKL-induced resorptive activity without affecting osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, RANKL-triggered stimulation of a3 isoform, which is a subunit of vacuolar-type ATPase, was selectively attenuated in BMMs on silencing Pim-2. The overexpression of Pim-2 with a retroviral vector stimulated the a3 subunit, thus inducing bone resorption activity. Taken together, these results suggest that Pim-2 acts as a major modulator of osteoclastic activity by regulating a3 isoform expression in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon C Heo
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jae C You
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute and Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Suhan Jung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu N Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Shin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute and Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute and Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hyung J Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, South Korea
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Lu Y, Qi Y, Li L, Yan Y, Wei J, Yao D, Wu J, Deng H, Deng J, Ye S, Chen H, Chen Q, Gao H, Han L, Lu C. The Gene Expression Analysis of Peripheral Blood Monocytes From Psoriasis Vulgaris Patients With Different Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:759741. [PMID: 35126107 PMCID: PMC8807547 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is chronic skin disease and an important health concern. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has shown great promise in the treatment of psoriasis. However, the correlation between TCM Syndromes and genomics of psoriasis has not been evaluated. Here, we analyzed gene expression profiling of monocytes from psoriasis vulgaris patients with different TCM syndrome types to reveal the molecular basis of different psoriasis syndromes. Of the 62 cases of psoriasis vulgaris recruited, 16, 23, and 23 cases were of blood-heat syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, and blood-dryness syndrome, respectively; 10 healthy controls were recruited as controls. Affymertix’s Gene Chip ®clariom D gene chip was used to detect the gene expression profile of peripheral blood monocytes collected from recruited individuals. Compared with the healthy control group, 1570 genes were up-regulated and 977 genes were down-regulated in the psoriasis vulgaris patients group; 798 genes and 108 genes were up- and down-regulated in the blood-heat syndrome group respectively; 319 and 433 genes were up- and down-regulated in the blood-dryness syndrome group, respectively; and 502 and 179 genes were up-and down-regulated in the blood-stasis syndrome group. Our analyses indicated not only common differential genes and pathways between psoriasis syndrome groups and healthy controls, but also syndrome-specific genes and pathways. The results of this study link the three syndromes at the gene level and will be useful for clarifying the molecular basis of TCM syndromes of psoriasis.Clinical Trial Registration: (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4390), identifier (ChiCTR-TRC-14005185).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Qi
- Shanghai Molecular Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Biochip, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danni Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qubo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengjun Gao
- Shanghai Molecular Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Biochip, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hengjun Gao, ; Ling Han, ; Chuanjian Lu,
| | - Ling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hengjun Gao, ; Ling Han, ; Chuanjian Lu,
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hengjun Gao, ; Ling Han, ; Chuanjian Lu,
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Exogenous adenosine activates A2A adenosine receptor to inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via AP-1 pathway to facilitate bone repair. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:2003-2014. [PMID: 34846650 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine is a purine nucleoside involved in regulating bone homeostasis through binding to A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R, respectively). However, the underlying mechanisms by which adenosine and receptor subtypes regulate osteoclast differentiation remain uncertain. This study aims to assess the role of exogenous adenosine and receptor subtypes in receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS The nanofibrous mats incorporated with adenosine exhibited robust ability to facilitate rat critical-size calvarial defect healing with decreased number of osteoclasts. Moreover, exogenous adenosine substantially enhanced the expression of A2AR and suppressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast formation and expression of osteoclast-related genes Ctsk, NFATc1, MMP9, and ACP5. This enhancement and suppression could be reversed by adding an A2AR antagonist, ZM241385, in RAW264.7 cells. Finally, RNA sequencing showed that the expression of Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra2) was distinctly downregulated through stimulation of adenosine in RAW264.7 cells treated with RANKL. This downregulation was reversed by ZM241385 according to real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that exogenous adenosine binding to A2AR attenuated osteoclast differentiation via the inhibition of activating protein-1 (AP-1, including Fra2 subunit) pathway both in vitro and in vivo.
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OKAMOTO H, TAKASAWA S. Okamoto model for necrosis and its expansions, CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signal system for intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization and Reg (Regenerating gene protein)-Reg receptor system for cell regeneration. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:423-461. [PMID: 34629354 PMCID: PMC8553518 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic islet cell culture models and animal models, we studied the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes. The diabetogenic agents, alloxan and streptozotocin, caused DNA strand breaks, which in turn activated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase/synthetase (PARP) to deplete NAD+, thereby inhibiting islet β-cell functions such as proinsulin synthesis and ultimately leading to β-cell necrosis. Radical scavengers protected against the formation of DNA strand breaks and inhibition of proinsulin synthesis. Inhibitors of PARP prevented the NAD+ depletion, inhibition of proinsulin synthesis and β-cell death. These findings led to the proposed unifying concept for β-cell damage and its prevention (the Okamoto model). The model met one proof with PARP knockout animals and was further extended by the discovery of cyclic ADP-ribose as the second messenger for Ca2+ mobilization in glucose-induced insulin secretion and by the identification of Reg (Regenerating gene) for β-cell regeneration. Physiological and pathological events found in pancreatic β-cells have been observed in other cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi OKAMOTO
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shin TAKASAWA
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Gene Expression Profiles of Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Osteoarthritis and Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4291689. [PMID: 31886215 PMCID: PMC6899270 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4291689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background There is little understanding of the molecular processes involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, limiting early diagnosis and effective treatment of OA. Use of genechips can provide insights into the molecular pathogenesis of diseases. In this study, determination of gene expression profiles of osteoarthritis peripheral blood mononuclear cells will allow exploration of the molecular pathogenesis of OA and find out more candidate biomarkers and potential drug targets of OA. Result A total of 1231 DEGs were screened out including 791 upregulated DEGs and 440 downregulated DEGs. The most significant upregulated DEG was RPL38, which may inhibit chondrocyte differentiation and synthesis of the extracellular matrix. PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, PIK3R1, MAPK14, IL1A, JUND, FOSL2, and PPP3CA were the gene symbols of the osteoclast differentiation pathway which was the most significant pathway enriched by DEGs. However, the MAPK signaling pathway occupied the core position of all the pathways which can regulate apoptosis, cell cycle, wnt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. Furthermore, PI3Ks may regulate IL1A, JUND, FOSL2 and PPP3CA through the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion These identified DEGs and pathways may be novel biomarkers to monitor the changes of OA and can be a potential drug target for the treatment of OA.
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Wang C, Mbalaviele G. Role of APD-Ribosylation in Bone Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101201. [PMID: 31590342 PMCID: PMC6829334 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transfer of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose unit(s) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to acceptor proteins is known as ADP-ribosylation. This post-translational modification (PTM) unavoidably alters protein functions and signaling networks, thereby impacting cell behaviors and tissue outcomes. As a ubiquitous mechanism, ADP-ribosylation affects multiple tissues, including bones, as abnormal ADP-ribosylation compromises bone development and remodeling. In this review, we describe the effects of ADP-ribosylation in bone development and maintenance, and highlight the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Krishnan Muthaiah VP, Palaniappan T, Rajan SS, Chandrasekar K, Venkatachalam S. Attenuation of oxidative stress after contusion spinal cord injury through inhibition of Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase involves glutamate cysteine ligase. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tankyrase (PARP5) Inhibition Induces Bone Loss through Accumulation of Its Substrate SH3BP2. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020195. [PMID: 30813388 PMCID: PMC6406327 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in tankyrase because of its potential use in cancer therapy. Tankyrase catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of a variety of target proteins and regulates various cellular processes. The anti-cancer effects of tankyrase inhibitors are mainly due to their suppression of Wnt signaling and inhibition of telomerase activity, which are mediated by AXIN and TRF1 stabilization, respectively. In this review, we describe the underappreciated effects of another substrate, SH3 domain-binding protein 2 (SH3BP2). Specifically, SH3BP2 is an adaptor protein that regulates intracellular signaling pathways. Additionally, in the human genetic disorder cherubism, the gain-of-function mutations in SH3BP2 enhance osteoclastogenesis. The pharmacological inhibition of tankyrase in mice induces bone loss through the accumulation of SH3BP2 and the subsequent increase in osteoclast formation. These findings reveal the novel functions of tankyrase influencing bone homeostasis, and imply that tankyrase inhibitor treatments in a clinical setting may be associated with adverse effects on bone mass.
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Molecular effect of an OPTN common variant associated to Paget's disease of bone. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197543. [PMID: 29782529 PMCID: PMC5962077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) is a chronic bone disorder and although genetic factors appear to play an important role in its pathogenesis, to date PDB causing mutations were identified only in the Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) gene at the PDB3 locus. PDB6 locus, also previously linked to PDB, contains several candidate genes for metabolic bone diseases. We focused our analysis in the most significantly associated variant with PDB, within the Optineurin (OPTN) gene, i.e. the common variant rs1561570. Although it was previously shown to be strongly associated with PDB in several populations, its contribution to PDB pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study we have shown that rs1561570 may contribute to PDB since its T allele results in the loss of a methylation site in patients’ DNA, leading to higher levels of OPTN gene expression and a corresponding increase in protein levels in patients’ osteoclasts. This increase in OPTN expression leads to higher levels of NF-κB translocation into the nucleus and increasing expression of its target genes, which may contribute to the overactivity of osteoclasts observed in PDB. We also reported a tendency for a more severe clinical phenotype in the presence of a haplotype containing the rs1561570 T allele, which appear to be re-enforced with the presence of the SQSTM1/P392L mutation. In conclusion, our work provides novel insight towards understanding the functional effects of this variant, located in OPTN intron 7, and its implication in the contribution to PDB pathogenesis.
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Gritsaenko T, Pierrefite-Carle V, Creff G, Vidaud C, Carle G, Santucci-Darmanin S. Methods for Analyzing the Impacts of Natural Uranium on In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29443101 DOI: 10.3791/56499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Uranium has been shown to interfere with bone physiology and it is well established that this metal accumulates in bone. However, little is known about the effect of natural uranium on the behavior of bone cells. In particular, the impact of uranium on osteoclasts, the cells responsible for the resorption of the bone matrix, is not documented. To investigate this issue, we have established a new protocol using uranyl acetate as a source of natural uranium and the murine RAW 264.7 cell line as a model of osteoclast precursors. Herein, we detailed all the assays required to test uranium cytotoxicity on osteoclast precursors and to evaluate its impact on the osteoclastogenesis and on the resorbing function of mature osteoclasts. The conditions we have developed, in particular for the preparation of uranyl-containing culture media and for the seeding of RAW 264.7 cells allow to obtain reliable and highly reproductive results. Moreover, we have optimized the use of software tools to facilitate the analysis of various parameters such as the size of osteoclasts or the percentage of resorbed matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gaëlle Creff
- UMR 7272 Institut de Chimie de Nice CNRS, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis
| | - Claude Vidaud
- CEA, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute (BIAM)
| | - Georges Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/BIAM, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis
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Natural uranium impairs the differentiation and the resorbing function of osteoclasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:715-726. [PMID: 28089586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uranium is a naturally occurring radionuclide ubiquitously present in the environment. The skeleton is the main site of uranium long-term accumulation. While it has been shown that natural uranium is able to perturb bone metabolism through its chemical toxicity, its impact on bone resorption by osteoclasts has been poorly explored. Here, we examined for the first time in vitro effects of natural uranium on osteoclasts. METHODS The effects of uranium on the RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage mouse cell line and primary murine osteoclastic cells were characterized by biochemical, molecular and functional analyses. RESULTS We observed a cytotoxicity effect of uranium on osteoclast precursors. Uranium concentrations in the μM range are able to inhibit osteoclast formation, mature osteoclast survival and mineral resorption but don't affect the expression of the osteoclast gene markers Nfatc1, Dc-stamp, Ctsk, Acp5, Atp6v0a3 or Atp6v0d2 in RAW 274.7 cells. Instead, we observed that uranium induces a dose-dependent accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 during osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We show here that uranium impairs osteoclast formation and function in vitro. The decrease in available precursor cells, as well as the reduced viability of mature osteoclasts appears to account for these effects of uranium. The SQSTM1/p62 level increase observed in response to uranium exposure is of particular interest since this protein is a known regulator of osteoclast formation. A tempting hypothesis discussed herein is that SQSTM1/p62 dysregulation contributes to uranium effects on osteoclastogenesis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We describe cellular and molecular effects of uranium that potentially affect bone homeostasis.
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Thudium CS, Moscatelli I, Löfvall H, Kertész Z, Montano C, Bjurström CF, Karsdal MA, Schulz A, Richter J, Henriksen K. Regulation and Function of Lentiviral Vector-Mediated TCIRG1 Expression in Osteoclasts from Patients with Infantile Malignant Osteopetrosis: Implications for Gene Therapy. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:638-648. [PMID: 27541021 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO) is a rare, recessive disorder characterized by increased bone mass caused by dysfunctional osteoclasts. The disease is most often caused by mutations in the TCIRG1 gene encoding a subunit of the V-ATPase involved in the osteoclasts capacity to resorb bone. We previously showed that osteoclast function can be restored by lentiviral vector-mediated expression of TCIRG1, but the exact threshold for restoration of resorption as well as the cellular response to vector-mediated TCIRG1 expression is unknown. Here we show that expression of TCIRG1 protein from a bicistronic TCIRG1/GFP lentiviral vector was only observed in mature osteoclasts, and not in their precursors or macrophages, in contrast to GFP expression, which was observed under all conditions. Thus, vector-mediated TCIRG1 expression appears to be post-transcriptionally regulated, preventing overexpression and/or ectopic expression and ensuring protein expression similar to that of wild-type osteoclasts. Codon optimization of TCIRG1 led to increased expression of mRNA but lower levels of protein and functional rescue. When assessing the functional rescue threshold in vitro, addition of 30 % CB CD34+ cells to IMO CD34+ patient cells was sufficient to completely normalize resorptive function after osteoclast differentiation. From both an efficacy and a safety perspective, these findings will clearly be of benefit during further development of gene therapy for osteopetrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilana Moscatelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Löfvall
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zsuzsanna Kertész
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carmen Montano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carmen Flores Bjurström
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johan Richter
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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Strazic-Geljic I, Guberovic I, Didak B, Schmid-Antomarchi H, Schmid-Alliana A, Boukhechba F, Bouler JM, Scimeca JC, Verron E. Gallium, a promising candidate to disrupt the vicious cycle driving osteolytic metastases. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 116:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vacuolar H+-ATPase: An Essential Multitasking Enzyme in Physiology and Pathophysiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/675430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are large multisubunit proton pumps that are required for housekeeping acidification of membrane-bound compartments in eukaryotic cells. Mammalian V-ATPases are composed of 13 different subunits. Their housekeeping functions include acidifying endosomes, lysosomes, phagosomes, compartments for uncoupling receptors and ligands, autophagosomes, and elements of the Golgi apparatus. Specialized cells, including osteoclasts, intercalated cells in the kidney and pancreatic beta cells, contain both the housekeeping V-ATPases and an additional subset of V-ATPases, which plays a cell type specific role. The specialized V-ATPases are typically marked by the inclusion of cell type specific isoforms of one or more of the subunits. Three human diseases caused by mutations of isoforms of subunits have been identified. Cancer cells utilize V-ATPases in unusual ways; characterization of V-ATPases may lead to new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of cancer. Two accessory proteins to the V-ATPase have been identified that regulate the proton pump. One is the (pro)renin receptor and data is emerging that indicates that V-ATPase may be intimately linked to renin/angiotensin signaling both systemically and locally. In summary, V-ATPases play vital housekeeping roles in eukaryotic cells. Specialized versions of the pump are required by specific organ systems and are involved in diseases.
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Mouline CC, Beranger GE, Schmid-Antomarchi H, Quincey D, Momier D, Boukhechba F, Carle GF, Rochet N, Scimeca JC. Monocytes differentiation upon treatment with a peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of activated T cell-expressed Tirc7 protein. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3088-98. [PMID: 22015593 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Atp6v0a3 gene encodes for two alternative products, Tirc7 and a3 proteins, which are differentially expressed in activated T cells and resorbing osteoclasts, respectively. Tirc7 plays a central role in T cell activation, while a3 protein is critical for osteoclast-mediated bone matrix resorption. Based on the large body of evidences documenting the relationships between T cells and osteoclasts, we hypothesized that the extracellular C-terminus of Tirc7 protein could directly interact with osteoclast precursor cells. To address this issue, we performed the molecular cloning of a mouse Atp6v0a3 cDNA segment encoding the last 40 amino acids of Tirc7 protein, and we used this peptide as a ligand added to mouse osteoclast precursor cells. We evidenced that Tirc7-Cter peptide induced the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclast-like cells, stimulated an autocrine/paracrine regulatory loop potentially involved in osteoclastic differentiation control, and strongly up-regulated F4/80 protein expression within multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. Using a mouse bone marrow-derived CD11b(+) cell line, or total bone marrow primary cells, we observed that similarly to Rankl, Tirc7-Cter peptide induced the formation of TRACP-positive large multinucleated cells. At last, using mouse primary monocytes purified from total bone marrow, we determined that Tirc7-Cter peptide induced the appearance of small multinucleated cells (3-4 nuclei), devoid of resorbing activity, and which displayed modulations of dendritic cell marker genes expression. In conclusion, we report for the first time on biological effects mediated by a peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of Tirc7 protein, which interfere with monocytic differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Mouline
- GéPITOs, Université de Nice, CNRS, UMR 6235, UFR Médecine, NICE, Cedex 2, France
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Verron E, Loubat A, Carle GF, Vignes-Colombeix C, Strazic I, Guicheux J, Rochet N, Bouler JM, Scimeca JC. Molecular effects of gallium on osteoclastic differentiation of mouse and human monocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 83:671-9. [PMID: 22202439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We had previously reported that gallium (Ga) inhibited both the differentiation and resorbing activity of osteoclasts in a dose-dependent manner. To provide new insights into Ga impact on osteoclastogenesis, we investigated here the molecular mechanisms of Ga action on osteoclastic differentiation of monocytes upon Rankl treatment. We first observed that Ga treatment inhibited the expression of Rankl-induced early differentiation marker genes, while the same treatment performed subsequently did not modify the expression of late differentiation marker genes. Focusing on the early stages of osteoclast differentiation, we observed that Ga considerably disturbed both the initial induction as well as the autoamplification step of Nfatc1 gene. We next demonstrated that Ga strongly up-regulated the expression of Traf6, p62 and Cyld genes, and we observed concomitantly an inhibition of IκB degradation and a blockade of NFκB nuclear translocation, which regulates the initial induction of Nfatc1 gene expression. In addition, Ga inhibited c-Fos gene expression, and subsequently the auto-amplification stage of Nfatc1 gene expression. Lastly, considering calcium signaling, we observed upon Ga treatment an inhibition of calcium-induced Creb phosphorylation, as well as a blockade of gadolinium-induced calcium entry through TRPV-5 calcium channels. We identify for the first time Traf6, p62, Cyld, IκB, NFκB, c-Fos, and the calcium-induced Creb phosphorylation as molecular targets of Ga, this tremendously impacting the expression of the master transcription factor Nfatc1. In addition, our results strongly suggest that the TRPV-5 calcium channel, which is located within the plasma membrane, is a target of Ga action on human osteoclast progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Verron
- GéPITOs, Université de Nice, CNRS, UMR 6235, UFR Médecine, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, Cedex 2, France.
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Chen J, Sun Y, Mao X, Liu Q, Wu H, Chen Y. RANKL up-regulates brain-type creatine kinase via poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 during osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:36315-21. [PMID: 20837480 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.157743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) is the key regulator for osteoclast formation and function. During osteoclastogenesis, RANKL-stimulated signals differentially modulate expression of a large number of proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we identified that brain-type cytoplasmic creatine kinase (Ckb) was greatly induced in mature osteoclasts. Ckb has been shown to contribute to osteoclast function. However, the mechanisms of Ckb regulation and the contribution of other isoforms of creatine kinase during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis are unknown. We found that Ckb was the predominant isoform of creatine kinase during osteoclastogenesis. Real-time PCR confirmed that RANKL induced ckb mRNA expression by over 40-fold in primary mouse bone marrow macrophages and Raw 264.7 cells. The RANKL-responsive region was identified within the -0.4- to -0.2-kb 5'-flanking region of the ckb gene. Affinity binding purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis revealed that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) bound to the -0.4/-0.2-kb fragment that negatively regulated expression of ckb in response to RANKL stimulation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with PARP-1-specific antibody located the binding site of PARP-1 to the TTCCCA consensus sequence. The expression of PARP-1 was reduced during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, concurrently with increased expression of Ckb. Consistently, knockdown of PARP-1 by lentivirus-delivered shRNA enhanced ckb mRNA expression. The activity of PARP-1 was determined to be required for its inhibitory effect on the ckb expression. In summary, we have demonstrated that PARP-1 is a negative regulator of the ckb expression. Down-regulation of PARP-1 is responsible for the up-regulation of ckb during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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Feng H, Cheng T, Steer JH, Joyce DA, Pavlos NJ, Leong C, Kular J, Liu J, Feng X, Zheng MH, Xu J. Myocyte enhancer factor 2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor cooperate with NFATc1 to transactivate the V-ATPase d2 promoter during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:14667-76. [PMID: 19321441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m901670200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The V-ATPase d2 protein constitutes an important subunit of the V-ATPase proton pump, which regulates bone homeostasis; however, currently little is known about its transcriptional regulation. Here, in an attempt to understand regulation of the V-ATPase d2 promoter, we identified the presence of NFATc1, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)- and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2)-binding sites within the V-ATPase d2 promoter using complementary bioinformatic analyses, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and electromobility shift assay. Intriguingly, activation of the V-ATPase d2 promoter by NFATc1 was enhanced by either MEF2 or MITF overexpression. By comparison, coexpression of MITF and MEF2 did not further enhance V-ATPase d2 promoter activity above that of expression of MITF alone. Consistent with a role in transcriptional regulation, both NFATc1 and MITF proteins translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, whereas MEF2 persisted in the nucleus of both osteoclasts and their mononuclear precursors. Targeted mutation of the putative NFATc1-, MITF-, or MEF2-binding sites in the V-ATPase d2 promoter impaired its transcriptional activation. Additionally retroviral overexpression of MITF or MEF2 in RAW264.7 cells potentiated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and V-ATPase d2 gene expression. Based on these data, we propose that MEF2 and MITF function cooperatively with NFATc1 to transactivate the V-ATPase d2 promoter during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoTian Feng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Australia
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Poly(adp-ribose) polymerase-1 regulates Tracp gene promoter activity during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2008; 23:564-71. [PMID: 18021007 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Tracp gene encodes an acid phosphatase strongly upregulated during osteoclastogenesis on RANKL treatment. Using the mouse osteoclastic model RAW264.7, we studied Tracp gene expression, and we identified PARP-1 as a transcriptional repressor negatively regulated by RANKL during osteoclastogenesis. INTRODUCTION The Tracp gene encodes an acid phosphatase strongly expressed in differentiated osteoclasts. TRACP enzyme has a dual role and is involved in (1) the regulation of the biological activity of the bone matrix phosphoproteins osteopontin and bone sialoprotein and (2) the intracellular collagen degradation. Based on our previous work on Tcirg1 gene expression, and using data available in the literature, we focused on a 200-bp sequence located upstream the Tracp gene transcriptional start to identify binding activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first performed siRNA transfections and RAW264.7 cell treatment with an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activity. After EMSA and supershift experiments, we measured the promoter activity of wildtype and mutant constructs throughout the osteoclastic differentiation. RESULTS We first showed that depleting PARP-1 mRNA in the pre-osteoclastic cell line RAW264.7 results in an increase of both matrix metalloproteinase 9 and TRACP mRNA expression (3.5- and 2.5-fold, respectively). Moreover, in response to 3-aminobenzamide treatment, we measured a weak stimulation of MMP9 mRNA expression, whereas up to a 2-fold enhancement above the control condition of TRACP mRNA expression was observed. We next identified in the -839/-639 Tracp promoter region a PARP-1 binding site, and supershift experiments showed the interaction of a PARP-1 binding activity with the Tracp promoter sequence -830/-808. Finally, RAW264.7 cell transfection with a promoter construct mutated for this PARP-1 interacting sequence showed the functionality of this site within intact pre-osteoclastic cells. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we provide evidence that the transcriptional activity of the Tracp gene, in pre-osteoclastic cells, is negatively regulated by the binding of PARP-1 protein to a potential consensus sequence located in its promoter region. Taken together with our previous results related to the control of Tcirg1 gene expression, our data suggest that PARP-1 exerts a pivotal role in the basal repression of genes that are upregulated during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.
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