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Zheng C, Liu H, Zhao P, Lu W, Song S, He T, Fan J, Wang D, Yang P, Jie Q, Zheng HF, Luo Z, Yang L. Targeting sulfation-dependent mechanoreciprocity between matrix and osteoblasts to mitigate bone loss. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg3983. [PMID: 37611084 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Sulfation is a widespread modification of biomolecules that has been incompletely explored to date. Through cross-phenotype meta-analysis of bone mineral density in up to 426,824 genotyped human participants along with phenotypic characterization of multiple mutant mouse lines, we identified a causative role for sulfate transporter solute carrier family 26 member A2 (SLC26A2) deficiency in osteoporosis. Ablation of SLC26A2 in osteoblasts caused severe bone loss and accumulation of immature bone cells and elicited peculiar pericellular matrix (PCM) production characterized by undersulfation coupled with decreased stiffness. These altered chemophysical properties of the PCM disrupted the formation of focal adhesions in osteoblasts. Bulk RNA sequencing and functional assays revealed that the mechanoreciprocal inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator (YAP)/WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 (TAZ) signaling impinged osteoblast maturation upon SLC26A2 deficiency. Moreover, pharmacological abrogation of the Hippo kinases and forced wheel-running ameliorated SLC26A2-deficient osteoporosis by promoting YAP/TAZ activity. Analysis of mouse single-cell RNA sequencing data suggested coordination among sulfate metabolism, focal adhesion, and YAP/TAZ activity during osteoblast-to-osteocyte transition. In addition to the SLC26A2-deficient setting, altered FAK and YAP/TAZ signaling was also observed in bone cells of ovariectomized mice and patients with osteoporosis, and pharmacological enforcing of YAP/TAZ activity ameliorated bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Collectively, these data unveil a role for sulfation in the developmental mechanoreciprocity between matrix and osteoblasts, which could be leveraged to prevent bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - He Liu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Pianpian Zhao
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Weiguang Lu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shiju Song
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ting He
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qiang Jie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an 710049, China
- Research Center for Skeletal Developmental Deformity and Injury repair, College of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Xu WB, Kotheeranurak V, Zhang HL, Feng JY, Liu JW, Chen CM, Lin GX, Rui G. Identification of the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory network in osteoarthritis using bioinformatics analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:994163. [PMID: 36186471 PMCID: PMC9523487 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.994163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that seriously affects the quality of people. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of OA has not been fully known. Therefore, this study aimed to construct a ceRNA regulatory network related to OA to explore the pathogenesis of OA.Methods: Differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), microRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus microarray data (GSE175959, GSE105027, and GSE169077). The miRNA response elements and target mRNAs were identified using bioinformatics approaches. Additionally, a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network was established using Cytoscape version 3.8.0. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of mRNAs in the network were conducted to explore the possible mechanisms underlying OA development. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed to determine the hub genes. Based on the hub genes, a sub network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.0 version. Finally, connectivity map (CMap) and drug–gene interaction database (DGIdb) analyses were performed to identify the potential therapeutic targets for OA.Results: Altogether, five DEcircRNAs, 89 DEmiRNAs, and 345 DEmRNAs were identified. Moreover, a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network was established using three circRNAs, seven miRNAs, and 37 mRNAs. GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that the mRNAs in the network could be related to the occurrence and development of OA. PPI analysis was performed and six key genes, namely serpin family H member 1 [SERPINH1], collagen type VIII alpha 2 chain [COL8A2], collagen type XV alpha 1 chain [COL15A1], collagen type VI alpha 3 chain [COL6A3], collagen type V alpha 1 chain [COL5A1], and collagen type XI alpha 1 chain [COL11A1], were identified. Furthermore, a circRNA–miRNA–hub gene subnetwork was established in accordance with two circRNAs (hsa_circ_0075320 and hsa_circ_0051428), two miRNAs (hsa-miR-6124 and hsa-miR-1207-5p), and six hub genes (COL11A1, SERPINH1, COL6A3, COL5A1, COL8A2, and COL15A1). Finally, three chemicals (noscapine, diazepam, and TG100-115) based on CMap analysis and two drugs (collagenase Clostridium histolyticum and ocriplasmin) based on DGIdb were discovered as potential treatment options for OA.Conclusion: This study presents novel perspectives on the pathogenesis and treatment of OA based on circRNA-related competitive endogenous RNA regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Vit Kotheeranurak
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Biomechanics and Innovative Spine Surgery, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Huang-Lin Zhang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Yi Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing-Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chien-Min Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Leisure Industry Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chien-Min Chen, ; Guang-Xun Lin, ; Gang Rui,
| | - Guang-Xun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Chien-Min Chen, ; Guang-Xun Lin, ; Gang Rui,
| | - Gang Rui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Chien-Min Chen, ; Guang-Xun Lin, ; Gang Rui,
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Qin L, He T, Chen S, Yang D, Yi W, Cao H, Xiao G. Roles of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1/2 proteins in skeleton and other tissues. Bone Res 2021; 9:44. [PMID: 34667178 PMCID: PMC8526690 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a fundamental ability that allows living organisms to receive and respond to physical signals from both the external and internal environments. The mechanotransduction process requires a range of special proteins termed mechanotransducers to convert mechanical forces into biochemical signals in cells. The Piezo proteins are mechanically activated nonselective cation channels and the largest plasma membrane ion channels reported thus far. The regulation of two family members, Piezo1 and Piezo2, has been reported to have essential functions in mechanosensation and transduction in different organs and tissues. Recently, the predominant contributions of the Piezo family were reported to occur in the skeletal system, especially in bone development and mechano-stimulated bone homeostasis. Here we review current studies focused on the tissue-specific functions of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in various backgrounds with special highlights on their importance in regulating skeletal cell mechanotransduction. In this review, we emphasize the diverse functions of Piezo1 and Piezo2 and related signaling pathways in osteoblast lineage cells and chondrocytes. We also summarize our current understanding of Piezo channel structures and the key findings about PIEZO gene mutations in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tailin He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihong Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Collagen IX deficiency leads to premature vascularization and ossification of murine femoral heads through an imbalance of pro- and antiangiogenic factors. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:988-999. [PMID: 32283184 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The vascular invasion of cartilage is an essential process in the endochondral ossification of long bones. In contrast, vascularization of articular cartilage constitutes a pathological mechanism in the development of osteoarthritis. Polymorphisms of Col9a1 have been described as risk factors for hip osteoarthritis (OA) and the loss of collagen IX is known to lead to premature OA of the hip joint in mice but the underlying mechanism is so far unknown. DESIGN To understand the contribution of collagen IX to OA development in the hip joint, we analyzed the early development of murine Col9a1-/- femoral heads between newborn stage and 16 weeks of age. RESULTS We found significantly accelerated ossification of the femoral heads in the absence of collagen IX as well as premature vascular and osteoclast invasion, even though hypertrophic differentiation was delayed. The loss of collagen IX led to anatomically altered femoral heads lacking the epiphyseal tubercle. Interestingly, this region was found to contain highest levels of the antiangiogenic protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). Hence, TSP-1 levels were strongly reduced in the Col9a1-/- femoral heads. In addition, antiangiogenic matrilin-1 was found to be decreased, while proangiogenic active MMP-9 levels were increased in the collagen IX deficient mice compared to wildtype controls. CONCLUSION We conclude that collagen IX protects against premature vascularization and cartilage to bone transition in femoral heads by increasing the levels of antiangiogenic TSP-1 and matrilin-1 and decreasing the levels of proangiogenic active MMP-9.
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Liu H, Zhao H, Lin H, Li Z, Xue H, Zhang Y, Lu J. Relationship of COL9A1 and SOX9 Genes with Genetic Susceptibility of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:248-255. [PMID: 31732751 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most common types of osteoporosis, postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have indicated that SOX9 activity is tightly regulated to ensure normal bone mineral density (BMD) in the adult skeleton, and the COL9A1 promoter region can be transactivated by SOX9. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential association between PMOP and the COL9A1 and SOX9 genes. A total of 10,443 postmenopausal women, including 2288 patients and 3557 controls in the discovery stage and 1566 patients and 3032 controls in the validation stage, were recruited. Forty-three tag SNPs (36 in COL9A1 and 7 in SOX9) were selected for genotyping to evaluate the association of the SOX9 gene with PMOP and BMD. Association and bioinformatics analyses were performed for PMOP. BMD and serum level of SOX9 were also utilized as quantitative phenotypes in further analyses. SNP rs73354570 of SOX9 was significantly associated with PMOP in both discovery stages (OR 1.24 [1.10-1.39], P = 3.56 × 10-4, χ2 = 12.75) and combined samples (OR 1.25 [1.15-1.37], P = 5.25 × 10-7, χ2 = 25.17). Further analyses showed that the SNP was also significantly associated with BMD and serum levels of the SOX9 protein. Our results provide further supportive evidence for the association of the SOX9 gene with PMOP and of the SOX9 gene with the variation of BMD in postmenopausal Han Chinese women. This study supports a role for SOX9 in the etiology of PMOP, adding to the current understanding of the susceptibility of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.555, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongmou Zhao
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.555, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.555, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.555, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanzhong Xue
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.555, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.555, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang L, You X, Lotinun S, Zhang L, Wu N, Zou W. Mechanical sensing protein PIEZO1 regulates bone homeostasis via osteoblast-osteoclast crosstalk. Nat Commun 2020; 11:282. [PMID: 31941964 PMCID: PMC6962448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolff’s law and the Utah Paradigm of skeletal physiology state that bone architecture adapts to mechanical loads. These models predict the existence of a mechanostat that links strain induced by mechanical forces to skeletal remodeling. However, how the mechanostat influences bone remodeling remains elusive. Here, we find that Piezo1 deficiency in osteoblastic cells leads to loss of bone mass and spontaneous fractures with increased bone resorption. Furthermore, Piezo1-deficient mice are resistant to further bone loss and bone resorption induced by hind limb unloading, demonstrating that PIEZO1 can affect osteoblast-osteoclast crosstalk in response to mechanical forces. At the mechanistic level, in response to mechanical loads, PIEZO1 in osteoblastic cells controls the YAP-dependent expression of type II and IX collagens. In turn, these collagen isoforms regulate osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our data identify PIEZO1 as the major skeletal mechanosensor that tunes bone homeostasis. Mechanical forces induce bone remodeling, but how bone cells sense mechanical signaling is unclear. Here, the authors show that loss of the mechanotransduction channel Piezo1 in osteoblastic cells impairs osteoclast activity via YAP signaling and collagen expression, leading to reduced bone mass and spontaneous fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiuling You
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Sutada Lotinun
- Department of Physiology and Skeletal Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lingli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Liang C, Wang P, Liu X, Yang C, Ma Y, Yong L, Zhu B, Liu X, Liu Z. Whole-genome sequencing reveals novel genes in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic spine in the Chinese population. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:324. [PMID: 30577800 PMCID: PMC6303868 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-1022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine is a complex, multifactorial disease. Although several genes that are linked to cervical OPLL susceptibility have been reported, specific genetic studies regarding thoracic OPLL are lacking. Whole-genome sequencing has been considered as an efficient strategy to search for disease-causing genes. METHODS We analysed whole-genome sequences in a cohort of 25 unrelated patients with thoracic OPLL. Bioinformatics analysis and various algorithms were used to predict deleterious variants. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the variants. RESULTS Four deleterious mutations in three genes (c.2716C>T (p.Arg906Cys) in collagen type VI α6 (COL6A6); c.1946G>C (p.Gly649Ala) in collagen type IX α1 (COL9A1); and c.301T>C (p.Ser101Pro) and c.171A>G (p.Ile57Met) in toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1)) were successfully identified. All the variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSION The novel deleterious mutations of the three genes may contribute to the development of thoracic OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- The Centre for Pain Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lei Yong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- The Centre for Pain Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
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Probst K, Stermann J, von Bomhard I, Etich J, Pitzler L, Niehoff A, Bluhm B, Xu HC, Lang PA, Chmielewski M, Abken H, Blissenbach B, Machova A, Papadopoulou N, Brachvogel B. Depletion of Collagen IX Alpha1 Impairs Myeloid Cell Function. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1752-1763. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Probst
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Jacek Stermann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Inga von Bomhard
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Julia Etich
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Lena Pitzler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Anja Niehoff
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics; German Sport University Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Björn Bluhm
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Haifeng C. Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Markus Chmielewski
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Department I Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty; Cologne Germany
- RCI, Chair Gene-Immunotherapy; University Hospital Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Department I Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty; Cologne Germany
- RCI, Chair Gene-Immunotherapy; University Hospital Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Birgit Blissenbach
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Alzbeta Machova
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Nikoletta Papadopoulou
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
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Holyoak DT, Otero M, Armar NS, Ziemian SN, Otto A, Cullinane D, Wright TM, Goldring SR, Goldring MB, van der Meulen MC. Collagen XI mutation lowers susceptibility to load-induced cartilage damage in mice. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:711-720. [PMID: 28898438 PMCID: PMC8813548 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interactions among risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) are not well understood. We investigated the combined impact of two prevalent risk factors: mechanical loading and genetically abnormal cartilage tissue properties. We used cyclic tibial compression to simulate mechanical loading in the cho/+ (Col11a1 haploinsufficient) mouse, which has abnormal collagen fibrils in cartilage due to a point mutation in the Col11a1 gene. We hypothesized that the mutant collagen would not alter phenotypic bone properties and that cho/+ mice, which develop early onset OA, would develop enhanced load-induced cartilage damage compared to their littermates. To test our hypotheses, we applied cyclic compression to the left tibiae of 6-month-old cho/+ male mice and wild-type (WT) littermates for 1, 2, and 6 weeks at moderate (4.5 N) and high (9.0 N) peak load magnitudes. We then characterized load-induced cartilage and bone changes by histology, microcomputed tomography, and immunohistochemistry. Prior to loading, cho/+ mice had less dense, thinner cortical bone compared to WT littermates. In addition, in loaded and non-loaded limbs, cho/+ mice had thicker cartilage. With high loads, cho/+ mice experienced less load-induced cartilage damage at all time points and displayed decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 levels compared to WT littermates. The thinner, less dense cortical bone and thicker cartilage were unexpected and may have contributed to the reduced severity of load-induced cartilage damage in cho/+ mice. Furthermore, the spontaneous proteoglycan loss resulting from the mutant collagen XI was not additive to cartilage damage from mechanical loading, suggesting that these risk factors act through independent pathways. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:711-720, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Timothy M. Wright
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Steven R. Goldring
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Mary B. Goldring
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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10
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Hughes A, Oxford AE, Tawara K, Jorcyk CL, Oxford JT. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Cartilage Pathophysiology; Contributing Factors to Apoptosis and Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030665. [PMID: 28335520 PMCID: PMC5372677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes of the growth plate undergo apoptosis during the process of endochondral ossification, as well as during the progression of osteoarthritis. Although the regulation of this process is not completely understood, alterations in the precisely orchestrated programmed cell death during development can have catastrophic results, as exemplified by several chondrodystrophies which are frequently accompanied by early onset osteoarthritis. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie chondrocyte apoptosis during endochondral ossification in the growth plate has the potential to impact the development of therapeutic applications for chondrodystrophies and associated early onset osteoarthritis. In recent years, several chondrodysplasias and collagenopathies have been recognized as protein-folding diseases that lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress, endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, and the unfolded protein response. Under conditions of prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress in which the protein folding load outweighs the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum, cellular dysfunction and death often occur. However, unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling is also required for the normal maturation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Understanding how UPR signaling may contribute to cartilage pathophysiology is an essential step toward therapeutic modulation of skeletal disorders that lead to osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Alexandra E Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Ken Tawara
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Cheryl L Jorcyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Osseointegration-based dental implants have become a well-accepted treatment modality for complete and partial edentulism. The success of this treatment largely depends on the stable integration and maintenance of implant fixtures in alveolar bone; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating this unique tissue reaction have not yet been fully uncovered. Radiographic and histologic observations suggest the sustained retention of peri-implant bone without an apparent susceptibility to catabolic bone remodeling; therefore, implant-induced bone formation continues to be intensively investigated. Increasing numbers of whole-genome transcriptome studies suggest complex molecular pathways that may play putative roles in osseointegration. This review highlights genetic networks related to bone quality, the transient chondrogenic phase, the vitamin D axis, and the peripheral circadian rhythm to elute the regulatory mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Divisions of Advanced Prosthodontics and Oral Medicine & Biology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668
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12
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Qu Z, Guo L, Fang G, Cui Z, Guo S, Liu Y. Biological characteristics and effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) grafting with blood plasma on bone regeneration in rats. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 63:171-81. [PMID: 22528865 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the biological characteristics/effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) grafting with blood plasma on bone regeneration in rat tibia nonunion. SD rats (142) were randomly divided into four groups: fracture group (positive control); nonunion group (negative control); hUC-MSCs grafting with blood plasma group; and hUC-MSCs grafting with saline group. Rats were administered tetracycline (30 mg/kg) and calcein blue (5 mg/kg) 8 days before killing. The animals were killed under deep anesthesia at 4 and 8 weeks post fracture for radiological evaluation and histological/immunohistological studies. The hUC-MSCs grafting with blood plasma group was similar to fracture group: the fracture line blurred in 4 weeks and disappeared in 8 weeks postoperatively. Histological/immunohistological studies showed that hUC-MSCs were of low immunogenicity which merged in rat bone tissue, differentiated into osteogenic lineages, and completed the healing of nonunion. After stem cell transplantation, regardless of whether plasma or saline was used, new multi-center bone formation was observed; fracture site density was better in stem cell grafting with blood plasma group. We, therefore, concluded that the biological characteristics of hUC-MSCs-treated nonunion were different from the standard fracture healing process, and the proliferative and localization capacity of hUC-MSCs might benefit from the use of blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Qu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Siping Central Hospital, Siping, Jilin, China
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13
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Goldring MB. Chondrogenesis, chondrocyte differentiation, and articular cartilage metabolism in health and osteoarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2012; 4:269-85. [PMID: 22859926 PMCID: PMC3403254 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x12448454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrogenesis occurs as a result of mesenchymal cell condensation and chondroprogenitor cell differentiation. Following chondrogenesis, the chondrocytes remain as resting cells to form the articular cartilage or undergo proliferation, terminal differentiation to chondrocyte hypertrophy, and apoptosis in a process termed endochondral ossification, whereby the hypertrophic cartilage is replaced by bone. Human adult articular cartilage is a complex tissue of matrix proteins that varies from superficial to deep layers and from loaded to unloaded zones. A major challenge to efforts to repair cartilage by stem cell-based and other tissue-engineering strategies is the inability of the resident chondrocytes to lay down a new matrix with the same properties as it had when it was formed during development. Thus, understanding and comparing the mechanisms of cartilage remodeling during development, osteoarthritis (OA), and aging may lead to more effective strategies for preventing cartilage damage and promoting repair. The pivotal proteinase that marks OA progression is matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), the major type II collagen-degrading collagenase, which is regulated by both stress and inflammatory signals. We and other investigators have found that there are common mediators of these processes in human OA cartilage. We also observe temporal and spatial expression of these mediators in early through late stages of OA in mouse models and are analyzing the consequences of knockout or transgenic overexpression of critical genes. Since the chondrocytes in adult human cartilage are normally quiescent and maintain the matrix in a low turnover state, understanding how they undergo phenotypic modulation and promote matrix destruction and abnormal repair in OA may to lead to identification of critical targets for therapy to block cartilage damage and promote effective cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Goldring
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Caspary Research Building, 5th Floor, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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14
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Kósa JP, Kis A, Bácsi K, Balla B, Nagy Z, Takács I, Speer G, Lakatos P. The protective role of bone morphogenetic protein-8 in the glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis on bone cells. Bone 2011; 48:1052-7. [PMID: 21277400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the side effects associated with glucocorticoid therapy is glucocorticoid-induced bone loss. Glucocorticoids partly detain bone formation via the inhibition of osteoblastic function, however, the exact mechanism of this inhibition remains elusive. In this study, we examined the effect of dexamethasone, an active glucocorticoid analogue, on cell viability and expression of bone remodelling-related genes in primary mouse calvarial and cloned MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Using sensitive biochemical assays, we demonstrated the apoptotic effect of dexamethasone on osteoblastic cells. Then, utilizing Taqman probe-based quantitative RT-PCR technology, gene expression profiles of 111 bone metabolism-related genes were determined. As a result of dexamethasone treatment we have detected significant apoptotic cell death, and six genes, including Smad3, type-2 collagen α-1, type-9 collagen α-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, bone morphogenetic protein-4 and bone morphogenetic protein-8 showed (BMP-8) significant changes in their expression on a time- and concentration-dependent manner. BMP-8, (a novel player in bone-metabolism) exhibited a two orders of magnitude elevation in its mRNA level and highly elevated protein concentration by Western blot in response to dexamethasone treatment. The knockdown of BMP-8 by RNA interference significantly increased dexamethasone-induced cell death, confirming a protective role for BMP-8 in the glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts. Our results suggest that BMP-8 might be an essential player in bone metabolism, especially in response to glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- János P Kósa
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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15
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Mussano F, Lee KJ, Zuk P, Tran L, Cacalano NA, Jewett A, Carossa S, Nishimura I. Differential effect of ionizing radiation exposure on multipotent and differentiation-restricted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:322-32. [PMID: 20506196 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Debilitating effects of bone marrow from ionizing radiation exposure has been well established for hematopoietic stem cells; however, radiation toxicity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been controversial. The present study addressed if ionizing radiation exposure differently affected bone marrow MSCs with various differentiation commitments. Mouse bone-marrow-derived MSCs, D1 cells of early passages (≤ 5 passages; p5) maintained the complete characteristics of multipotent MSCs, whereas, after ≥ 45 passages (p45) the differentiation capability of D1 cells became partially restricted. Both p5 and p45 D1 cells were subjected to single dose irradiation by radioactive isotope (137)Cs. Radiation treatment impaired cell renewal and differentiation activities of p5 D1 cells; however, p45 D1 cells were less affected. Radiation treatment upregulated both pro- and anti-apoptotic genes of p5 D1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, potentially resulting in the various apoptosis thresholds. It was found that constitutive as well as radiation-induced phosphorylation levels of histone H2AX was significantly higher in p45 D1 cells than in p5 D1 cells. The increased repair activity of DNA double-strand breakage may play a role for p45 D1 cells to exhibit the relative radioresistance. In conclusion, the radiation toxicity predominantly affecting multipotent MSCs may occur at unexpectedly low doses, which may, in part, contribute to the catabolic pathology of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Mussano
- The Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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16
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Syed FA, Hoey KA. Integrative physiology of the aging bone: insights from animal and cellular models. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1211:95-106. [PMID: 21062298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is a common worldwide phenomenon in the aging population, placing them at an increased risk of fractures. Fortunately, basic and translational studies have been pivotal in providing us with a mechanistic understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of this condition. This review focuses on the current concepts and paradigms of age-related bone loss and how various animal and cellular models have broadened our understanding in this fascinating but complex area. Changes in hormonal, neuronal, and biochemical cues with age and their effect on bone have been discussed. This review also outlines recent studies on the relationship between bone and fat in the marrow, as well as the fate of the marrow mesenchymal stromal cell population, which can give rise to either bone-forming osteoblasts or fat-forming adipocytic cells as a function of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan A Syed
- Abbott Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
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17
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Strassle BW, Mark L, Leventhal L, Piesla MJ, Jian Li X, Kennedy JD, Glasson SS, Whiteside GT. Inhibition of osteoclasts prevents cartilage loss and pain in a rat model of degenerative joint disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:1319-28. [PMID: 20633675 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between efficacy of a bisphosphonate, pain and extent of joint damage in the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model of painful degenerative joint disease. METHODS Zoledronate treatment was initiated prior to and at various times following model induction, including late time points representing advanced disease. Radiographic and histological structural parameters were correlated with pain as measured by weight bearing. RESULTS Intraarticular (IA) MIA resulted in a progressive loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and chondrocytes, thinning of cartilage, loss of proteoglycan, resorption of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone, as well as pain. This was completely prevented by pre-emptive chronic zoledronate treatment with joint sections being histologically indistinguishable from saline-injected controls. When initiation of treatment was delayed efficacy was reduced. In animals with advanced joint degeneration, treatment partially restored BMD and had a significant, but limited, effect on pain. We confirmed these radiographic and behavioral findings in the medial meniscal tear model. To understand the mechanism-of-action of zoledronate we investigated an early time point 4 days post-model induction when chondrocytes were histologically viable, with minor loss of proteoglycan and generalized synovitis. Osteoclast-mediated resorption of the calcified cartilage was observed and was prevented by two doses of zoledronate. CONCLUSION Subchondral bone remodeling plays an important role in nociception and the pathobiology of the MIA model with osteoclasts being implicated in both bone and cartilage resorption. Inhibition of osteoclastic activity when initiated early leads to improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Strassle
- Neuroscience, Discovery Research, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
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18
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Xu XH, Dong SS, Guo Y, Yang TL, Lei SF, Papasian CJ, Zhao M, Deng HW. Molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis: the 2009 update. Endocr Rev 2010; 31:447-505. [PMID: 20357209 PMCID: PMC3365849 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex human disease that results in increased susceptibility to fragility fractures. It can be phenotypically characterized using several traits, including bone mineral density, bone size, bone strength, and bone turnover markers. The identification of gene variants that contribute to osteoporosis phenotypes, or responses to therapy, can eventually help individualize the prognosis, treatment, and prevention of fractures and their adverse outcomes. Our previously published reviews have comprehensively summarized the progress of molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis and have covered the data available to the end of September 2007. This review represents our continuing efforts to summarize the important and representative findings published between October 2007 and November 2009. The topics covered include genetic association and linkage studies in humans, transgenic and knockout mouse models, as well as gene-expression microarray and proteomics studies. Major results are tabulated for comparison and ease of reference. Comments are made on the notable findings and representative studies for their potential influence and implications on our present understanding of the genetics of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hong Xu
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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19
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Schulze J, Seitz S, Saito H, Schneebauer M, Marshall RP, Baranowsky A, Busse B, Schilling AF, Friedrich FW, Albers J, Spiro AS, Zustin J, Streichert T, Ellwanger K, Niehrs C, Amling M, Baron R, Schinke T. Negative regulation of bone formation by the transmembrane Wnt antagonist Kremen-2. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10309. [PMID: 20436912 PMCID: PMC2860505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling is a key pathway controlling bone formation in mice and humans. One of the regulators of this pathway is Dkk1, which antagonizes Wnt signalling through the formation of a ternary complex with the transmembrane receptors Krm1/2 and Lrp5/6, thereby blocking the induction of Wnt signalling by the latter ones. Here we show that Kremen-2 (Krm2) is predominantly expressed in bone, and that its osteoblast-specific over-expression in transgenic mice (Col1a1-Krm2) results in severe osteoporosis. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that osteoblast maturation and bone formation are disturbed in Col1a1-Krm2 mice, whereas bone resorption is increased. In line with these findings, primary osteoblasts derived from Col1a1-Krm2 mice display a cell-autonomous differentiation defect, impaired canonical Wnt signalling and decreased production of the osteoclast inhibitory factor Opg. To determine whether the observed effects of Krm2 on bone remodeling are physiologically relevant, we analyzed the skeletal phenotype of 24 weeks old Krm2-deficient mice and observed high bone mass caused by a more than three-fold increase in bone formation. Taken together, these data identify Krm2 as a regulator of bone remodeling and raise the possibility that antagonizing KRM2 might prove beneficial in patients with bone loss disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Schulze
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seitz
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Schneebauer
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert P. Marshall
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern Busse
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix W. Friedrich
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Albers
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander S. Spiro
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jozef Zustin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Ellwanger
- Division of Molecular Embryology, Research Program Cell and Tumor Biology of the German Cancer Research Center and the Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH) Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, Research Program Cell and Tumor Biology of the German Cancer Research Center and the Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH) Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Baron
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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20
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Costello KE, Guilak F, Setton LA, Griffin TM. Locomotor activity and gait in aged mice deficient for type IX collagen. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 109:211-8. [PMID: 20360435 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00056.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a risk factor for physical inactivity and impaired mobility, but it is not well understood how these locomotor behaviors are affected by the age of onset of OA and disease severity. Male mice homozygous for a Col9a1 gene inactivation (Col9a1(-/-)) develop early onset knee OA, increased tactile pain sensitivity, and gait alterations by 9 mo of age. We hypothesized that aged Col9a1(-/-) mice would reduce joint pain by adopting locomotor behaviors that reduce both the magnitude and daily frequency of joint loading. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating gait and spontaneous locomotor activity in 15- to 17-mo-old male Col9a1(-/-) (n = 5) and Col9a1(+/+)(WT) (n = 5) mice using well-controlled measures of voluntary activity in overground and running wheel conditions, as well as studies of gait in a velocity-controlled treadmill. We found no difference due to genotype in freely chosen locomotor velocity, stride frequency, hindfoot duty factor, dark phase activity time, or dark-phase travel distance during overground, running wheel, or speed-matched treadmill locomotion. Interpretation of these findings is potentially confounded by the observation that WT mice have greater knee OA than Col9a1(-/-) mice in the lateral tibial plateau by 17 mo of age. When accounting for individual differences in knee OA, functional locomotor impairments in aged Col9a1(-/-) and WT mice are manifested as reductions in total locomotor activity levels (e.g., both distance traveled and time active), particularly for wheel running. These results support the concept that current disease status, rather than age of disease onset, is the primary determinant of impaired locomotor activity with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry E Costello
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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21
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Trost Z, Trebse R, Prezelj J, Komadina R, Logar DB, Marc J. A microarray based identification of osteoporosis-related genes in primary culture of human osteoblasts. Bone 2010; 46:72-80. [PMID: 19781675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors influencing the pathogenesis of osteoporosis are still largely unknown. We employed genome-wide gene expression approach in order to discover novel genes involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. To this end, primary cultures of osteoblasts isolated from osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic human bone tissue samples were prepared. One thousand six hundred six genes were found to be differentially expressed, indicating increased demand for protein synthesis and decreased cell proliferation rate in osteoblasts from osteoporotic tissue as compared to osteoblasts from non-osteoporotic tissue. At first, top four genes, based on the microarray data and potential role in bone metabolism, were further studied in bone tissue samples of 55 patients. PTN and COL15A1 were both downregulated in osteoporotic bone tissue (6.2- and 3.4-fold, respectively, both p<0.05), while IBSP and CXCL2 were both upregulated (5.7-fold, p<0.05, and 2.1-fold, p>0.05). Further biostatistical analysis of the microarray data by gene set enrichment analysis suggested oxidative stress may have an important part in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Thus, secondly, we tested it by an in vitro assay on human osteosarcoma cell line cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. After 72 h of treatment with 500 microM hydrogen peroxide, the upregulation of the same genes involved in the response to oxidative stress as on the microarrays was observed: MT1G (metallothionein 1G, 22.1-fold, p<0.05), TXNRD1 (thioredoxin reductase 1, 3.7-fold, p<0.05), AOX1 (aldehyde oxidase 1, 24.5-fold, p<0.05) and GSR (glutathione reductase, 4.7-fold, p<0.05). Our results present a novel list of genes and metabolic pathways that may be associated with the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. PTN, CXCL2, COL15A1, IBSP, AOX1, MT1G, GSR and TXNRD1 are candidate genes for further studies in the assessment of the genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis. In addition, differences in protein synthesis, cell proliferation rate and response to oxidative stress may also be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Trost
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Goldring MB. The link between structural damage and pain in a genetic model of osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc degeneration: a joint misadventure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2550-2. [PMID: 19714635 DOI: 10.1002/art.24771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Wang JC, Dang L, Lomax B, Turner L, Shago M, Teebi AS, Klatt R, MacLeod PM, Yong SL, Nowaczyk MJ, Eydoux P. Molecular breakpoint mapping of 6q11-q14 interstitial deletions in seven patients. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:372-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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