1
|
Cai R, Jiang Q, Chen D, Feng Q, Liang X, Ouyang Z, Liao W, Zhang R, Fang H. Identification of osteoblastic autophagy-related genes for predicting diagnostic markers in osteoarthritis. iScience 2024; 27:110130. [PMID: 38952687 PMCID: PMC11215306 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of osteoarthritis (OA) involves subchondral bone lesions, but the role of osteoblastic autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in osteoarthritis is unclear. Through integrated analysis of single-cell dataset, Bulk RNA dataset, and 367 ARGs extracted from GeneCards, 40 ARGs were found. By employing multiple machine learning algorithms and PPI networks, three key genes (DDIT3, JUN, and VEGFA) were identified. Then the RF model constructed from these genes indicated great potential as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore, the model's effectiveness in predicting OA has been confirmed through external validation datasets. Moreover, the expression of ARGs was examined in osteoblasts subject to excessive mechanical stress, human and mouse tissues. Finally, the role of ARGs in OA was confirmed through co-culturing explants and osteoblasts. Thus, osteoblastic ARGs could be crucial in OA development, providing potential diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rulong Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Academy of Orthopedics · Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qijun Jiang
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Dongli Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Academy of Orthopedics · Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinzhi Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Academy of Orthopedics · Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhaoming Ouyang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Academy of Orthopedics · Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Weijian Liao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Academy of Orthopedics · Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Academy of Orthopedics · Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hang Fang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Academy of Orthopedics · Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koria L, Farndon M, Jones E, Mengoni M, Brockett C. Changes in subchondral bone morphology with osteoarthritis in the ankle. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290914. [PMID: 38889162 PMCID: PMC11185451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant alterations to subchondral trabecular bone microarchitecture are observed in late-stage osteoarthritis (OA). However, detailed investigation of these changes to bone in the ankle are under-reported. This study aimed to fully characterise the trabecular morphology in OA ankle bone specimens compared to non-diseased (ND) controls using both standard and individual-trabecular segmentation-based (ITS) analyses. Ten ND tibial bone specimens were extracted from three cadaveric ankles, as well as five OA bone specimens from patients undergoing total ankle arthroplasty surgery. Each specimen was scanned using microcomputed tomography from which a 4 mm cuboidal volume was extracted for analysis. Morphological parameters for the subchondral trabecular bone were measured using BoneJ (NIH ImageJ) and 3D ITS for whole volumes and at each depth level in 1 mm increments. The results show an overall increase in bone volume fraction (p<0.01) and trabecular thickness (p<0.001) with OA, with a decrease in anisotropy (p<0.05). ITS analysis showed OA bone was composed of more rod-like trabeculae and plate-like trabeculae compared to ND bone. Numerous properties were depth dependent, but the results demonstrated that towards the subchondral bone plate, both rod- and plate-like trabeculae were thicker, rods were longer and plates had increased surface area. Overall, this study has verified key microstructural alterations to ankle subchondral bone that are found in other OA lower-limb joints. Depth-based analysis has highlighted differences of interest for further evaluation into the remodelling mechanisms that occur with OA, which is critical to understanding the role of subchondral bone microarchitecture in the progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Koria
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Farndon
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marlène Mengoni
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Brockett
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alpaydin MT, Buyuk SK, Abay F, Korkmaz YN. Evaluation of mandibular osseous structure in patients with mandibular asymmetry: a fractal analysis study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023; 136:656-662. [PMID: 37516622 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of mandibular asymmetry on the trabecular structure of the mandible as measured through fractal analysis (FA). STUDY DESIGN We divided a sample of 105 patients with skeletal class I occlusion, cervical vertebral maturation CS6, and skeletal vertical dimension ratios within normal limits into right asymmetric, left asymmetric, and symmetric groups. We performed FA on 6 bilateral regions of interest on panoramic radiographs of the patients and calculated the mean fractal dimension (FD) for each region. We performed the Wilcoxon signed-rank and paired t tests to compare the significance of differences in FD between sides within each group and between groups for all regions. Statistical significance was established at P < .05. RESULTS We found statistically significant differences in mean FD values between the right and left condyles of the 2 asymmetric patient groups. The FD was greater in the left condyle of patients with right asymmetry and in the right condyle of patients with left asymmetry. The right condyle had a significantly greater FD in left asymmetric patients than in right asymmetric patients. CONCLUSIONS The results of FA indicate that asymmetry is characterized by an increase in the mean FD of the condyle that is responsible for the asymmetry. Fractal analysis can be a valuable diagnostic technique in distinguishing trabecular differences in the condylar areas of asymmetric individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmed Taha Alpaydin
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkiye.
| | | | - Feridun Abay
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkiye
| | - Yasemin Nur Korkmaz
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dudaric L, Dumic-Cule I, Divjak E, Cengic T, Brkljacic B, Ivanac G. Bone Remodeling in Osteoarthritis-Biological and Radiological Aspects. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1613. [PMID: 37763732 PMCID: PMC10537088 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Among available papers published on the given subject over the last century, various terms have been used as synonyms for one, now generally accepted-osteoarthritis, in some countries called "wear and tear" or "overload arthritis". The opsolent terms-hypertrophic arthritis, degenerative arthritis, arthritis deformans and osteoarthrosis-sought to highlight the dominant clinical signs of this ubiquitous, polymorph disease of the whole osteochondral unit, which by incidence and prevalence represents one of the leading chronic conditions that cause long-term pain and incapacity for work. Numerous in vitro and in vivo research resulted in broadened acknowledgments about osteoarthritis pathophysiology and pathology on both histological and cellular levels. However, the cause of osteoarthritis is still unknown and is currently the subject of a hypothesis. In this paper, we provide a review of recent findings on biological phenomena taking place in bone tissue during osteoarthritis to the extent useful for clinical practice. Choosing a proper radiological approach is a conditio sine qua non to the early diagnosis of this entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Dudaric
- Croatia Poliklinika, Rijeka Radiology Unit, Vukovarska 7A, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Ivo Dumic-Cule
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Nursing, University North, 104 Brigade 3, 42000 Varazdin, Croatia
| | - Eugen Divjak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Suska 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.D.); (B.B.); (G.I.)
| | - Tomislav Cengic
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, Draskoviceva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Brkljacic
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Suska 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.D.); (B.B.); (G.I.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Ivanac
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Suska 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.D.); (B.B.); (G.I.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Herbst EC, Evans LAE, Felder AA, Javaheri B, Pitsillides AA. 3D profiling of mouse epiphyses across ages reveals new potential imaging biomarkers of early spontaneous osteoarthritis. J Anat 2023; 242:1037-1050. [PMID: 36772893 PMCID: PMC10184544 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide research groups and funding bodies have highlighted the need for imaging biomarkers to predict osteoarthritis (OA) progression and treatment effectiveness. Changes in trabecular architecture, which can be detected with non-destructive high-resolution CT imaging, may reveal OA progression before apparent articular surface damage. Here, we analysed the tibial epiphyses of STR/Ort (OA-prone) and CBA (healthy, parental control) mice at different ages to characterise the effects of mouse age and strain on multiple bony parameters. We isolated epiphyseal components using a semi-automated method, and measured the total epiphyseal volume; cortical bone, trabecular bone and marrow space volumes; mean trabecular and cortical bone thicknesses; trabecular volume relative to cortical volume; trabecular volume relative to epiphyseal interior (trabecular BV/TV); and the trabecular degree of anisotropy. Using two-way ANOVA (significance level ≤0.05), we confirmed that all of these parameters change significantly with age, and that the two strains were significantly different in cortical and trabecular bone volumes, and trabecular degree of anisotropy. STR/Ort mice had higher cortical and trabecular volumes and a lower degree of anisotropy. As the two mouse strains reflect markedly divergent OA predispositions, these parameters have potential as bioimaging markers to monitor OA susceptibility and progression. Additionally, significant age/strain interaction effects were identified for total epiphyseal volume, marrow space volume and trabecular BV/TV. These interactions confirm that the two mouse strains have different epiphyseal growth patterns throughout life, some of which emerge prior to OA onset. Our findings not only propose valuable imaging biomarkers of OA, but also provide insight into ageing 3D epiphyseal architecture bone profiles and skeletal biology underlying the onset and development of age-related OA in STR/Ort mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Herbst
- Palaeontological Institute & MuseumUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Lucinda A. E. Evans
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Alessandro A. Felder
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
- Research Software Development Group, Advanced Research ComputingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Behzad Javaheri
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Andrew A. Pitsillides
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao Q, Wu X, Tao C, Gong W, Chen M, Qu M, Zhong Y, He T, Chen S, Xiao G. Osteoarthritis: pathogenic signaling pathways and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:56. [PMID: 36737426 PMCID: PMC9898571 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 213.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing and tearing of articular cartilage, but it is now more commonly referred to as a chronic whole-joint disorder that is initiated with biochemical and cellular alterations in the synovial joint tissues, which leads to the histological and structural changes of the joint and ends up with the whole tissue dysfunction. Currently, there is no cure for OA, partly due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the pathological mechanism of the initiation and progression of the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of pathological signaling pathways and key molecules involved in OA pathogenesis is crucial for therapeutic target design and drug development. In this review, we first summarize the epidemiology of OA, including its prevalence, incidence and burdens, and OA risk factors. We then focus on the roles and regulation of the pathological signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, focal adhesion, HIFs, TGFβ/ΒΜP and FGF signaling pathways, and key regulators AMPK, mTOR, and RUNX2 in the onset and development of OA. In addition, the roles of factors associated with OA, including MMPs, ADAMTS/ADAMs, and PRG4, are discussed in detail. Finally, we provide updates on the current clinical therapies and clinical trials of biological treatments and drugs for OA. Research advances in basic knowledge of articular cartilage biology and OA pathogenesis will have a significant impact and translational value in developing OA therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaohao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chu Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiyuan Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingjue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tailin He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Memiş S. Evaluation of the effects of temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis with hyaluronic acid injection on mandibular condyles using fractal dimension analysis: A retrospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2022; 50:643-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
8
|
Evaluation of architectural changes in mandibular trabecular and cortical bone pattern after functional treatment. AUSTRALASIAN ORTHODONTIC JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoj-2022.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose:
To assess the changes in mandibular trabecular and cortical bone following functional appliance treatment through fractal dimension (FD) and cortical thickness (CorT) measurements.
Material and methods
The study was performed on 45 mandibular retrognathia cases. While the treatment group (T) comprised 30 patients treated using a functional appliance for one year during puberty, the control group (C) consisted of 15 patients who did not receive any orthodontic treatment due to insufficient oral hygiene. FD and CorT analyses were bilaterally evaluated for each mandible. FD measurements were performed on the condylar process, the antegonial notch, and ramus regions on panoramic radiographs. A paired t-test was applied for group analysis, before (T1) and after treatment (T2) and, correspondingly, before (C1) and after (C2) controls. In addition, an independent t-test was used to determine differences between the treatment (∆T = T2−T1) and the control group (∆C = C2−C1).
Results
Statistically significant differences were found in the treatment group between the initial and post-treatment FD values of the right (p < 0.05) and left condyles (p < 0.05), and the CorT measurements on the right (p < 0.01) and the left sides (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in FD parameters in the control group and a significant difference was only found in the left CorT (p < 0.05). A comparison of the treatment and control groups revealed that the changes in FD and CorT measurements were not statistically significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion:
Mandibular protraction appliances do not produce trabecular bone alteration in the mandibular condyles, the antegonial notch and ramus over a 12-month time period.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang L, Kirkwood CL, Sohn J, Lau A, Bayers-Thering M, Bali SK, Rachala S, Marzo JM, Anders MJ, Beier F, Kirkwood KL. Expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells contributes to metabolic osteoarthritis through subchondral bone remodeling. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:287. [PMID: 34784965 PMCID: PMC8594239 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) subsequent to acute joint injury accounts for a significant proportion of all arthropathies. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of myeloid progenitor cells classically known for potent immune-suppressive activity; however, MDSCs can also differentiate into osteoclasts. In addition, this population is known to be expanded during metabolic disease. The objective of this study was to determine the role of MDSCs in the context of OA pathophysiology. METHODS In this study, we examined the differentiation and functional capacity of MDSCs to become osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo using mouse models of OA and in MDSC quantitation in humans with OA pathology relative to obesity status. RESULTS We observed that MDSCs are expanded in mice and humans during obesity. MDSCs were expanded in peripheral blood of OA subjects relative to body mass index and in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) compared to mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD). In mice, monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) was expanded in diet-induced obesity (DIO) with a further expansion after destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce post-traumatic OA (PTOA) (compared to sham-operated controls). M-MDSCs from DIO mice had a greater capacity to form osteoclasts in culture with increased subchondral bone osteoclast number. In humans, we observed an expansion of M-MDSCs in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of obese subjects compared to lean subjects with OA. CONCLUSION These data suggest that MDSCs are reprogrammed in metabolic disease, with the potential to contribute towards OA progression and severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA
| | - Cameron L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA
| | - Jiho Sohn
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Lau
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA
| | | | - Supinder Kour Bali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Western Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sridhar Rachala
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John M Marzo
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Anders
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Western Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA. .,Department of Head and Neck/Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Türkmenoğlu A, Yüksel HT, Karahan AY. Evaluation of mandibular condyle trabecular structure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using fractal analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 133:229-237. [PMID: 34526250 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the fractal dimension (FD) of trabecular structure of the mandibular condyles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to patients without RA. Correlations between condylar FD and bone mineral density T-scores in the femoral neck and lumbar spine were also examined. STUDY DESIGN The RA study group patients were divided into 3 categories (33 normal, 33 osteopenic, and 34 osteoporotic) according to T-scores. The control group without RA was sex- and age-matched with the study group. FD was calculated from panoramic radiographs and compared between the study and control groups. The relationships between FD values and femoral neck and L1-L4 lumbar spine T-scores were investigated for study and control groups. Significance was established at P < .05. RESULTS The mean FD values of the entire study group and of each category in the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < .001). There were no significant differences in FD values among the 3 RA categories (P > .05). No significant correlations appeared between FD and femoral neck or lumbar spine T-scores (P ≥ .063). CONCLUSIONS Fractal analysis of the condyles on panoramic radiographs can distinguish RA from healthy condyles, even if the patients with RA have normal bone mineral density T-scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Türkmenoğlu
- Lecturer, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Uşak, Turkey.
| | - Halil Tolga Yüksel
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Ali Yavuz Karahan
- Associate Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Usak University, Uşak, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Veneziano A, Cazenave M, Alfieri F, Panetta D, Marchi D. Novel strategies for the characterization of cancellous bone morphology: Virtual isolation and analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:920-930. [PMID: 33811768 PMCID: PMC8359981 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The advent of micro-computed tomography (μCT) made cancellous bone more accessible than ever before. Nevertheless, the characterization of cancellous bone is made difficult by its inherent complexity and the difficulties in defining homology across datasets. Here we propose novel virtual methodological approaches to overcome those issues and complement existing methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a protocol for the isolation of the whole cancellous region within a μCT scanned bone. This method overcomes the subsampling issues and allows studying cancellous bone as a single unit. We test the protocol on a set of primate bones. In addition, we describe a set of morphological indices calculated on the topological skeleton of the cancellous bone: node density, node connectivity, trabecular angle, trabecular tortuosity, and fractal dimension. The usage of the indices is shown on a small comparative sample of primate femoral heads. RESULTS The isolation protocol proves reliable in isolating cancellous structures from several different bones, regardless of their shape. The indices seem to detect some functional differences, although further testing on comparative samples is needed to clarify their potential for the study of cancellous architecture. CONCLUSIONS The approaches presented overcome some of the difficulties of trabecular bone studies. The methods presented here represent an alternative or supporting method to the existing tools available to address the biomechanics of cancellous bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Veneziano
- Synchrotron Radiation for Medical Physics (SYRMEP), Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marine Cazenave
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre at the School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fabio Alfieri
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Damiano Marchi
- Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou F, Chu L, Liu X, He Z, Han X, Yan M, Qu X, Li X, Yu Z. Subchondral Trabecular Microstructure and Articular Cartilage Damage Variations Between Osteoarthritis and Osteoporotic Osteoarthritis: A Cross-sectional Cohort Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:617200. [PMID: 33604349 PMCID: PMC7884461 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.617200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic osteoarthritis (OP-OA) is a specific type of OA. In this study, we aimed to assess the subchondral plate and rod microstructural differences between OA and OP-OA patients by using an individual trabeculae segmentation (ITS) system and to analyze the relationships between subchondral microstructures and cartilage damage in OA and OP-OA patients. Overall, 31 femoral heads were included in this study, which included 11 samples with OA and 13 samples with OP-OA; the normal control (NC) group contained 7 healthy femoral heads. ITS was performed to segment the subchondral trabecular bone into plate and rod trabeculae based on microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) images. We compared the plate and rod trabeculae of the subchondral trabecular bone between OA and OP-OA patients. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score was employed to evaluate cartilage damage based on histological observations. Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were applied to analyze the relationships between subchondral microstructures and articular cartilage damage. Results showed that several microstructural parameters, including bone volume fraction (BV/TV), plate bone volume fraction (pBV/TV), rod bone volume fraction (rBV/TV), plate trabecular number (pTb.N), rod trabecular number (rTb.N), junction density between rod and plate (R-P Junc.D), and junction density between plate and plate (P-P Junc.D), were significantly decreased in patients with OP-OA compared with those in patients with OA (p < 0.05). Histological observations indicated that cartilage damage was more serious in patients with OP-OA than that in patients with OA (p < 0.05). Moreover, BV/TV, pBV/TV, pTb.N, and pTb.Th were significantly related to the OARSI score in both OA and OP-OA patients. These results indicated that there were differences in the subchondral rod and plate trabeculae between OA and OP-OA patients. Subchondral decreased plate trabeculae (pBV/TV, pTb.N, and pTb.Th) might account for cartilage damage in the progression of OP-OA. This study provided new insights to research OA when it is combined with OP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linyang Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The Artificial Joint Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Zihao He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuequan Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengning Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The Artificial Joint Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ali M, Brogren E, Atroshi I. Assessment of a novel computer software in diagnosing radiocarpal osteoarthritis on plain radiographs of patients with previous distal radius fracture. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
14
|
Holzer L, Kraiger M, Talakic E, Fritz G, Avian A, Hofmeister A, Leithner A, Holzer G. Microstructural analysis of subchondral bone in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:2037-2045. [PMID: 32472294 PMCID: PMC7497490 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The results of this study show increased formation of bone in the subchondral areas in advanced stages of osteoarthritis of the knee. These changes seem to be influenced by mechanical factors. INTRODUCTION Subchondral bone changes seem to contribute to the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to analyze subchondral bone microstructure in specimens of late-stage knee OA in respect to articular cartilage damage, meniscus integrity, and knee joint alignment. METHODS Thirty proximal tibiae of 30 patients (20 female and 10 male) with late-stage OA retrieved during total knee arthroplasty were scanned using a high-resolution micro-computed tomography. The scans were semi-automatically segmented into five volumes of interest. The volumes of interest were then further analyzed using commercially available software. The degree of articular cartilage damage was assessed semi-quantitatively by magnetic resonance imaging before surgery. RESULTS The mean bone fraction volume (bone volume/total volume (BV/TV)) in all weight-bearing locations was significantly higher compared to the non-weight-bearing reference point below the anterior cruciate ligament (p = 0.000). The mean BV/TV in the medial compartment was significantly higher compared to the lateral compartment (p = 0.007). As for the BV/TV in intact menisci, there was a significantly lower subchondral bone fraction volume compared to subluxated or luxated menisci in the medial (p = 0.020) and lateral compartment (p = 0.005). Varus alignment had a significantly higher subchondral BV/TV in the medial compartment, whereas valgus alignment had a significantly higher subchondral BV/TV in the lateral compartment (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The results show significant differences of subchondral bone microstructural parameters in respect to cartilage damage, meniscus' structural integrity, and knee joint alignment. Therefore, subchondral bone changes seem to be a secondary process in the late-stage OA of the knee caused by mechanical changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L.A. Holzer
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria
- AUVA Trauma Center Klagenfurt, Waidmannsdorfer Straße 35, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - M. Kraiger
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XInstitute of Medical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - E. Talakic
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G.A. Fritz
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A. Avian
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A. Hofmeister
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476PreClinical Imaging Group, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A. Leithner
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - G. Holzer
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oláh T, Reinhard J, Gao L, Haberkamp S, Goebel LKH, Cucchiarini M, Madry H. Topographic modeling of early human osteoarthritis in sheep. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/508/eaax6775. [PMID: 31484789 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax6775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage damage occurring during early osteoarthritis (OA) is a key event marking the development of the disease. Here, we modeled early human OA by gathering detailed spatiotemporal data from surgically induced knee OA development in sheep. We identified a specific topographical pattern of osteochondral changes instructed by a defined meniscal injury, showing that both cartilage and subchondral bone degeneration are initiated from the region adjacent to the damage. Alterations of the subarticular spongiosa arising locally and progressing globally disturbed the correlations of cartilage with subchondral bone seen at homeostasis and were indicative of disease progression. We validated our quantitative findings against human OA, showing a similar pattern of early OA correlating with regions of meniscal loss and an analogous late critical disturbance within the entire osteochondral unit. This translational model system can be used to elucidate mechanisms of OA development and provides a roadmap for investigating regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Oláh
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jan Reinhard
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Liang Gao
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Haberkamp
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lars K H Goebel
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Evaluation of the mandibular trabecular bone in patients with bruxism using fractal analysis. Oral Radiol 2020; 37:36-45. [PMID: 31933121 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-020-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the effect of bruxism on the fractal dimension (FD) of the mandibular trabecular bone through digital panoramic radiographs, and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of fractal analysis as a diagnostic test for bruxism. METHODS One hundred and six bruxer and 106 non-bruxer patients were included in the study. Three bilateral regions of interest (ROI) were selected: ROI-1, the mandibular condyle; ROI-2, the mandibular angle; ROI-3, the-area between the apical regions of the mandibular second premolar and the first molar teeth. FD values for the bruxer and non-bruxer groups were compared for each ROI. RESULTS Only the FD measurements for the right mandibular condyle (ROI-1) showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.041) between the bruxer and non-bruxer individuals. FD values measured in the bruxers (1.40 ± 0.09) were lower than in the non-bruxers (1.42 ± 0.08). CONCLUSION Fractal analysis may be a useful method for discerning trabecular differences in the condylar areas of bruxer individuals. In future studies, the unilateral mastication habits, the characteristics of dental wear, and the occlusal bite forces of individuals should be documented.
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Song Y, Zhu F, Lin F, Zhang F, Zhang S. Bone quality, and the combination and penetration of cement-bone interface: A comparative micro-CT study of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11987. [PMID: 30170401 PMCID: PMC6392652 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the microstructure, bone quality, and the combination and penetration of cement-bone interface in tissue specimens from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).A total of 80 femoral condyle tissue specimens from 20 OA patients (40 condyles) and 20 RA patients (40 condyles) who underwent total knee arthroplasty at the Department of Orthopaedics in Tengzhou Central People's Hospital were collected between January 2017 and September 2017. According to the random number table method, 20 specimens from the OA group were defined as group A, and 20 specimens in the RA group were defined as group B. The bone quality parameters were measured by micro-CT. The remaining 20 specimens in the OA group and the remaining 20 specimens in the RA group were defined as group C and group D, the cement-bone interfaces were established by the self-made bone cement compression device, and were analyzed by micro-CT.Micro-CT measurement revealed that the bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular number (Tb.N) in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (all P < .05). The bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV), structure model index (SMI), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and degree of anisotropy (DA) in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (all P < .05). The penetration depth of bone cement in group D was significantly greater than those in group C via x-ray detection.The bone quality of OA patients is better than that of RA patients, but the combination and penetration of cement-bone interface of RA patients are better than that of OA patients. The findings advance our understanding of knee prosthesis and have important clinical implications, but they require validations in future studies with larger sample sizes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen Q, Bao N, Yao Q, Li ZY. Fractal dimension: A complementary diagnostic indicator of osteoporosis to bone mineral density. Med Hypotheses 2018; 116:136-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
20
|
Evaluation of trabecular structure changes in osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint with cone beam computed tomography imaging. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 124:315-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.05.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Ebrahim FH, Ruellas ACO, Paniagua B, Benavides E, Jepsen K, Wolford L, Goncalves JR, Cevidanes LHS. Accuracy of biomarkers obtained from cone beam computed tomography in assessing the internal trabecular structure of the mandibular condyle. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 124:588-599. [PMID: 29055644 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to validate the ability of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to measure condylar internal trabecular bone structure and bone texture parameters accurately. STUDY DESIGN Sixteen resected condyles of individuals undergoing temporomandibular joint replacement were collected and used as samples. These condyles were then radiographically imaged by using clinically oriented dental CBCT and research oriented micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The CBCT scans were then compared with the gold standard micro-CT scans in terms of 21 bone imaging parameters. Descriptive histologic investigation of the specimens was also performed. RESULTS Significant correlations were found for several imaging parameters between the CBCT and micro-CT images, including trabecular thickness (r = 0.92), trabecular separation (r = 0.78), bone volume (r = 0.90), bone surface area (r = 0.79), and degree of anisotropy measurements (r = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS Measurements of trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, bone volume, bone surface area, and degree of anisotropy obtained from high-resolution dental CBCT images may be suitable bone imaging biomarkers that can be utilized clinically and in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fouad H Ebrahim
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Antonio C O Ruellas
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Visiting Post-doctoral Scholar, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Erika Benavides
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karl Jepsen
- Biomedical Sciences Research Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Finnilä MAJ, Thevenot J, Aho O, Tiitu V, Rautiainen J, Kauppinen S, Nieminen MT, Pritzker K, Valkealahti M, Lehenkari P, Saarakkala S. Association between subchondral bone structure and osteoarthritis histopathological grade. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:785-792. [PMID: 27227565 PMCID: PMC5412847 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence that subchondral bone contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis, little is known about local changes in bone structure compared to cartilage degeneration. This study linked structural adaptation of subchondral bone with histological OA grade. Twenty-five osteochondral samples of macroscopically different degeneration were prepared from tibiae of 14 patients. Samples were scanned with micro-computed tomography (μCT) and both conventional structural parameters and novel 3D parameters based on local patterns were analyzed from the subchondral plate and trabecular bone. Subsequently, samples were processed for histology and evaluated for OARSI grade. Each bone parameter and OARSI grade was compared to assess structural adaptation of bone with OA severity. In addition, thicknesses of cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral plate were analyzed from histological sections and compared with subchondral bone plate thickness from μCT. With increasing OARSI grade, the subchondral plate became thicker along with decreased specific bone surface, while there was no change in tissue mineral density. Histological analysis showed that subchondral plate thickness from μCT also includes calcified cartilage. Entropy of local patterns increased with OA severity, reflecting higher tissue heterogeneity. In the trabecular compartment, bone volume fraction and both trabecular thickness and number increased with OARSI grade while trabecular separation and structure model index decreased. Also, elevation of local patterns became longitudinal in the subchondral plate and axial transverse in trabecular bone with increasing OARSI grade. This study demonstrates the possibility of radiological assessment of OA severity by structural analysis of bone. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:785-792, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko A. J. Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyFaculty of Medicine, University of OuluOuluFinland,Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland,Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Jérôme Thevenot
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyFaculty of Medicine, University of OuluOuluFinland,Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Olli‐Matti Aho
- Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Virpi Tiitu
- Institute of Biomedicine, AnatomyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Jari Rautiainen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyFaculty of Medicine, University of OuluOuluFinland,Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland,Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Sami Kauppinen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyFaculty of Medicine, University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Miika T. Nieminen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyFaculty of Medicine, University of OuluOuluFinland,Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland,Department of Diagnostic RadiologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Kenneth Pritzker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto and Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Petri Lehenkari
- Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OuluOuluFinland,Department of SurgeryOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyFaculty of Medicine, University of OuluOuluFinland,Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland,Department of Diagnostic RadiologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aho OM, Finnilä M, Thevenot J, Saarakkala S, Lehenkari P. Subchondral bone histology and grading in osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173726. [PMID: 28319157 PMCID: PMC5358796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) has often regarded as a disease of articular cartilage only. New evidence has shifted the paradigm towards a system biology approach, where also the surrounding tissue, especially bone is studied more vigorously. However, the histological features of subchondral bone are only poorly characterized in current histological grading scales of OA. The aim of this study is to specifically characterize histological changes occurring in subchondral bone at different stages of OA and propose a simple grading system for them. Design 20 patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery were randomly selected for the study and series of osteochondral samples were harvested from the tibial plateaus for histological analysis. Cartilage degeneration was assessed using the standardized OARSI grading system, while a novel four-stage grading system was developed to illustrate the changes in subchondral bone. Subchondral bone histology was further quantitatively analyzed by measuring the thickness of uncalcified and calcified cartilage as well as subchondral bone plate. Furthermore, internal structure of calcified cartilage-bone interface was characterized utilizing local binary patterns (LBP) based method. Results The histological appearance of subchondral bone changed drastically in correlation with the OARSI grading of cartilage degeneration. As the cartilage layer thickness decreases the subchondral plate thickness and disorientation, as measured with LBP, increases. Calcified cartilage thickness was highest in samples with moderate OA. Conclusion The proposed grading system for subchondral bone has significant relationship with the corresponding OARSI grading for cartilage. Our results suggest that subchondral bone remodeling is a fundamental factor already in early stages of cartilage degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olli-Matti Aho
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikko Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jerome Thevenot
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Division of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Arsan B, Köse TE, Çene E, Özcan İ. Assessment of the trabecular structure of mandibular condyles in patients with temporomandibular disorders using fractal analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 123:382-391. [PMID: 28110941 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the trabecular structure of the mandibular condyle in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) using fractal analysis. STUDY DESIGN A total of 100 patients ages 18 to 73 years were clinically assessed using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The control group was age- and sex-matched with the patient group. Panoramic radiographs were obtained using a Kodak 8000 digital device with 73 kVp and 5 mA fixed parameters. The degree of degeneration in the mandibular condyles was calculated. Regions of interest (84 × 84 pixels) were selected within the cortical boundary of the mandibular condyle, and the fractal dimension (FD) was calculated using ImageJ version 1.48. RESULTS Radiographic degenerative changes were more frequently present and more severe in the patient group (P < .001). The mean value of FD was 1.22 ± 0.06 in the patient group and 1.25 ± 0.06 in the control group (P = .001). A significant decrease in FD was observed (P = .001) in the left temporomandibular joints of the patient group, whereas a nonsignificant decrease in FD was observed in the right temporomandibular joints (P = .073) as degenerative changes increased. CONCLUSIONS Lower FD values were associated with more severe degenerative changes in the patient group. The trabecular structure of condyles in patients with TMD exhibited decreased complexity when erosive and sclerotic changes were evident. As a result, fractal analysis enhanced the use of panoramic radiography in detecting degenerative changes in patients with TMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belde Arsan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Taha Emre Köse
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Çene
- Department of Statistics, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İlknur Özcan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nganvongpanit K, Buddhachat K, Brown JL. Comparison of Bone Tissue Elements Between Normal and Osteoarthritic Pelvic Bones in Dogs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:344-353. [PMID: 26537116 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Physiochemical analysis of bones affected with osteoarthritis (OA) can be used to better understand the etiology of this disease. We investigated the percentage of chemical elements in canine pelvic bone affected with varying degrees of OA using a handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer that discriminates magnesium (Mg(12)) through bismuth (Bi(83)). A total of 45 pelvic bones, including both ilium and subchondral acetabular bone plates, were categorized as normal (n = 20), mild grade OA (n = 5), moderate grade OA (n = 15), and severe grade OA (n = 5). In normal pelvic, seven elements (P, Ca, Mn, Ag, Cd, Sn, and Sb) differed (p < 0.005) in percentage between ilium and acetabulum. Comparisons among the four OA groups found Mn and Fe to be highest in severe grades (p < 0.05) in both ilium and acetabulum. Three heavy metals (Ag, Sn, and Sb) were detected in high percentages (p < 0.05) in the severe OA group in the acetabulum, but in ilium only Sn was high (p < 0.05) in severe OA. In conclusion, the percentages of several elements differed between pelvic types in dogs, and also with increasing severity of OA. The finding of high Mn and Fe in severe grade OA bone suggests these two elements may be useful in future studies of the etiology and pathophysiology of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Korakot Nganvongpanit
- Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
- Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Kittisak Buddhachat
- Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Janine L Brown
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hirvasniemi J, Thevenot J, Kokkonen HT, Finnilä MA, Venäläinen MS, Jämsä T, Korhonen RK, Töyräs J, Saarakkala S. Correlation of Subchondral Bone Density and Structure from Plain Radiographs with Micro Computed Tomography Ex Vivo. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:1698-709. [PMID: 26369637 PMCID: PMC4696139 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis causes changes in the subchondral bone structure and composition. Plain radiography is a cheap, fast, and widely available imaging method. Bone tissue can be well seen from plain radiograph, which however is only a 2D projection of the actual 3D structure. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the relationship between bone density- and structure-related parameters from 2D plain radiograph and 3D bone parameters assessed from micro computed tomography (µCT) ex vivo. Right tibiae from eleven cadavers without any diagnosed joint disease were imaged using radiography and with µCT. Bone density- and structure-related parameters were calculated from four different locations from the radiographs of proximal tibia and compared with the volumetric bone microarchitecture from the corresponding regions. Bone density from the plain radiograph was significantly related with the bone volume fraction (r = 0.86; n = 44; p < 0.01). Mean homogeneity index for orientation of local binary patterns (HIangle,mean) and fractal dimension of vertical structures (FDVer) were related (p < 0.01) with connectivity density (HIangle,mean: r = −0.73, FDVer: r = 0.69) and trabecular separation (HIangle,mean: r = 0.73, FDVer: r = −0.70) when all ROIs were pooled together (n = 44). Bone density and structure in tibia from standard clinically available 2D radiographs are significantly correlated with true 3D microstructure of bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Hirvasniemi
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jérôme Thevenot
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Harri T Kokkonen
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko A Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko S Venäläinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Jämsä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ndiaye M, Terranova L, Mallet R, Mabilleau G, Chappard D. Three-dimensional arrangement of β-tricalcium phosphate granules evaluated by microcomputed tomography and fractal analysis. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:404-11. [PMID: 25242650 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The macrophysical properties of granular biomaterials used to fill bone defects have rarely been considered. Granules of a given biomaterial occupy three-dimensional (3-D) space when packed together and create a macroporosity suitable for the invasion of vascular and bone cells. Granules of β-tricalcium phosphate were prepared using polyurethane foam technology and increasing the amount of material powder in the slurry (10, 11, 15, 18, 21 and 25 g). After sintering, granules of 1000-2000 μm were prepared by sieving. They were analyzed morphologically by scanning electron microscopy and placed in polyethylene test tubes to produce 3-D scaffolds. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to image the scaffolds and to determine porosity and fractal dimension in three dimensions. Two-dimensional sections of the microCT models were binarized and used to compute classical morphometric parameters describing porosity (interconnectivity index, strut analysis and star volumes) and fractal dimensions. In addition, two newly important fractal parameters (lacunarity and succolarity) were measured. Compression analysis of the stacks of granules was done. Porosity decreased as the amount of material in the slurry increased but non-linear relationships were observed between microarchitectural parameters describing the pores and porosity. Lacunarity increased in the series of granules but succolarity (reflecting the penetration of a fluid) was maximal in the 15-18 g groups and decreased noticeably in the 25 g group. The 3-D arrangement of biomaterial granules studied by these new fractal techniques allows the optimal formulation to be derived based on the lowest amount of material, suitable mechanical resistance during crushing and the creation of large interconnected pores.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chappard D, Terranova L, Mallet R, Mercier P. 3D Porous Architecture of Stacks of β-TCP Granules Compared with That of Trabecular Bone: A microCT, Vector Analysis, and Compression Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:161. [PMID: 26528240 PMCID: PMC4600957 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3D arrangement of porous granular biomaterials usable to fill bone defects has received little study. Granular biomaterials occupy 3D space when packed together in a manner that creates a porosity suitable for the invasion of vascular and bone cells. Granules of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were prepared with either 12.5 or 25 g of β-TCP powder in the same volume of slurry. When the granules were placed in a test tube, this produced 3D stacks with a high (HP) or low porosity (LP), respectively. Stacks of granules mimic the filling of a bone defect by a surgeon. The aim of this study was to compare the porosity of stacks of β-TCP granules with that of cores of trabecular bone. Biomechanical compression tests were done on the granules stacks. Bone cylinders were prepared from calf tibia plateau, constituted high-density (HD) blocks. Low-density (LD) blocks were harvested from aged cadaver tibias. Microcomputed tomography was used on the β-TCP granule stacks and the trabecular bone cores to determine porosity and specific surface. A vector-projection algorithm was used to image porosity employing a frontal plane image, which was constructed line by line from all images of a microCT stack. Stacks of HP granules had porosity (75.3 ± 0.4%) and fractal lacunarity (0.043 ± 0.007) intermediate between that of HD (respectively 69.1 ± 6.4%, p < 0.05 and 0.087 ± 0.045, p < 0.05) and LD bones (respectively 88.8 ± 1.57% and 0.037 ± 0.014), but exhibited a higher surface density (5.56 ± 0.11 mm(2)/mm(3) vs. 2.06 ± 0.26 for LD, p < 0.05). LP granular arrangements created large pores coexisting with dense areas of material. Frontal plane analysis evidenced a more regular arrangement of β-TCP granules than bone trabecule. Stacks of HP granules represent a scaffold that resembles trabecular bone in its porous microarchitecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chappard
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux – LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d’Angers, L’Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Angers, France
- Service Commun d’Imagerie et Analyses Microscopiques (SCIAM), IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d’Angers, L’Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Angers, France
- *Correspondence: Daniel Chappard,
| | - Lisa Terranova
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux – LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d’Angers, L’Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Angers, France
| | - Romain Mallet
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux – LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d’Angers, L’Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Angers, France
- Service Commun d’Imagerie et Analyses Microscopiques (SCIAM), IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d’Angers, L’Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Mercier
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux – LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d’Angers, L’Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Angers, France
- Laboratoire d’Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yuan XL, Meng HY, Wang YC, Peng J, Guo QY, Wang AY, Lu SB. Bone-cartilage interface crosstalk in osteoarthritis: potential pathways and future therapeutic strategies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1077-89. [PMID: 24928319 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Currently, osteoarthritis (OA) is considered a disease of the entire joint, which is not simply a process of wear and tear but rather abnormal remodelling and joint failure of an organ. The bone-cartilage interface is therefore a functioning synergistic unit, with a close physical association between subchondral bone and cartilage suggesting the existence of biochemical and molecular crosstalk across the OA interface. The crosstalk at the bone-cartilage interface may be elevated in OA in vivo and in vitro. Increased vascularisation and formation of microcracks associated with abnormal bone remodelling in joints during OA facilitate molecular transport from cartilage to bone and vice versa. Recent reports suggest that several critical signalling pathways and biological factors are key regulators and activate cellular and molecular processes in crosstalk among joint compartments. Therapeutic interventions including angiogenesis inhibitors, agonists/antagonists of molecules and drugs targeting bone remodelling are potential candidates for this interaction. This review summarised the premise for the presence of crosstalk in bone-cartilage interface as well as the current knowledge of the major signalling pathways and molecular interactions that regulate OA progression. A better understanding of crosstalk in bone-cartilage interface may lead to development of more effective strategies for treating OA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X L Yuan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing 28# Road, Beijing, China
| | - H Y Meng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing 28# Road, Beijing, China
| | - Y C Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing 28# Road, Beijing, China
| | - J Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing 28# Road, Beijing, China
| | - Q Y Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing 28# Road, Beijing, China
| | - A Y Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing 28# Road, Beijing, China.
| | - S B Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing 28# Road, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Im GI, Kim MK. The relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:101-9. [PMID: 24196872 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP), the two most common skeletal disorders related to aging, is controversial. Previous studies suggest that OA is inversely related to OP when studied cross-sectionally and systematically. However, there are differences in the results depending on the parameter used to define OA. The purpose of this review is to analyze and summarize the literature, and derive possible answers to three key questions along with a brief introduction on underlying mechanisms: (1) Is OA correlated to a high bone mineral density (BMD)? (2) Does OA influence the progression of OP or osteoporotic fractures? (3) Does high BMD affect the incidence and progression of OA? A review of the literature suggests that OA is inversely related to OP in general when studied cross-sectionally and systematically. However, when analyzed in individual bones, the BMD of the appendicular skeleton in OA-affected joints may decrease, particularly in the upper extremities. On whether OA influences bone loss or osteoporotic fractures, differences are observed according to the affected joints. The risk for osteoporotic fracture does not seem to decrease despite a high BMD in patients with OA, probably due to postural instability and muscle strength. Low BMD at the lumbar spine is associated with a lower incidence of knee OA although it does not arrest the progression of knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, 410-773, Republic of Korea,
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Duda GN, Eniwumide JO, Sittinger M. Constraints to Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
32
|
Abstract
The classical view of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is that subchondral sclerosis is associated with, and perhaps causes, age-related joint degeneration. Recent observations have demonstrated that OA is associated with early loss of bone owing to increased bone remodelling, followed by slow turnover leading to densification of the subchondral plate and complete loss of cartilage. Subchondral densification is a late event in OA that involves only the subchondral plate and calcified cartilage; the subchondral cancellous bone beneath the subchondral plate may remain osteopenic. In experimental models, inducing subchondral sclerosis without allowing the prior stage of increased bone remodelling to occur does not lead to progressive OA. Therefore, both early-stage increased remodelling and bone loss, and the late-stage slow remodelling and subchondral densification are important components of the pathogenetic process that leads to OA. The apparent paradoxical observations that OA is associated with both increased remodelling and osteopenia, as well as decreased remodelling and sclerosis, are consistent with the spatial and temporal separation of these processes during joint degeneration. This Review provides an overview of current knowledge on OA and discusses the role of subchondral bone in the initiation and progression of OA. A hypothetical model of OA pathogenesis is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Burr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Weinans H, Siebelt M, Agricola R, Botter SM, Piscaer TM, Waarsing JH. Pathophysiology of peri-articular bone changes in osteoarthritis. Bone 2012; 51:190-6. [PMID: 22343134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that involves the entire joint, but its pathophysiology is not well described. Alterations in peri-articular bone are an integral part of the OA disease process and different aspects of bone changes have been described in different patient (sub)groups and animal models. In this review we will discuss the osteoarthritis pathophysiology from the perspective of periarticular bone changes, which can be considered at three hierarchical levels: the bone (or joint) shape, the subchondral bone architecture and its cellular and molecular phenotype. In this review we try to provide an overview of the current knowledge of peri-articular bone changes in OA and what it could possibly imply for the initiation of OA and its progression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Osteoarthritis".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Constraints to Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
35
|
Kumarasinghe DD, Perilli E, Tsangari H, Truong L, Kuliwaba JS, Hopwood B, Atkins GJ, Fazzalari NL. Critical molecular regulators, histomorphometric indices and their correlations in the trabecular bone in primary hip osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:1337-44. [PMID: 20650323 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined differential gene expression, histomorphometric indices and relationships between these, in femoral trabecular bone from osteoarthritis (OA) patients and control (CTL) subjects, with the aim of identifying potential molecular drivers consistent with changes in structural and remodelling indices in the OA pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone samples from the intertrochanteric (IT) region were obtained from age and sex-matched cohorts of 23 primary hip OA patients and 21 CTL subjects. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histomorphometric analysis were performed on each sample and correlations between gene expression and histomorphometric variables determined. RESULTS Alterations in gene expression, structural indices and correlations between these were found in OA bone compared to CTL. In OA bone, expression of critical regulators of osteoblast differentiation (TWIST1) and function (PTEN, TIMP4) were decreased, while genes associated with inflammation (SMAD3, CD14) were increased. Bone structural and formation indices (BV/TV, Tb.N, OS/BS) were increased, whereas resorption indices (ES/BS, ES/BV) were decreased. Importantly, significant correlations in CTL bone between CTNNB1 expression and formation indices (OS/BS, OS/BV, OV/BV) were absent in OA bone, indicating altered WNT/β-catenin signalling. TWIST1 expression and BV/TV were correlated in CTL bone, but not in OA bone, consistent with altered osteoblastogenesis in OA. Matrix metalloproteinase 25 (MMP25) expression and remodelling indices (ES/BS, ES/BV, ES/TV) were correlated only in OA pointing to aberrant bone remodelling in this pathology. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate an altered state of osteoblast differentiation and function in OA driven by several key molecular regulators. In association with this differential gene expression, an altered state of both trabecular bone remodelling and resulting microarchitecture were also observed, further characterising the pathogenesis of primary hip OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D D Kumarasinghe
- Bone & Joint Research Laboratory, Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bennell KL, Creaby MW, Wrigley TV, Hunter DJ. Tibial subchondral trabecular volumetric bone density in medial knee joint osteoarthritis using peripheral quantitative computed tomography technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 58:2776-85. [PMID: 18759296 DOI: 10.1002/art.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is an organ-level failure of the joint involving pathologic changes in articular cartilage and bone. This cross-sectional study compared apparent volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) of proximal tibial subchondral trabecular bone in people with and without knee OA, using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). METHODS Seventy-five individuals with mild or moderate medial compartment knee OA and 41 asymptomatic controls were recruited. Peripheral QCT was used to measure vBMD of trabecular bone beneath medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments at levels of 2% and 4% of tibial length, distal to the tibial plateau. RESULTS There was no significant difference in vBMD beneath the overall medial and lateral compartments between the 3 groups. However, in the affected medial compartment of those with moderate OA, lower vBMD was seen in the 2 posterior subregions compared with controls and those with mild knee OA, while higher vBMD was seen in the anteromedial subregion. Beneath the unaffected or lesser affected lateral compartment, significantly lower vBMD was seen at the 2% level in the anterior and lateral subregions of those with moderate disease. Volumetric BMD ratios showed relatively higher vBMD in the medial compartment compared with the lateral compartment, but these ratios were not influenced by disease status. CONCLUSION Subregional vBMD changes were evident beneath the medial and lateral compartments of those with moderate medial knee OA. Of import, the posterior subchondral trabecular regions of the medial tibial plateau have markedly lower vBMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Bennell
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The human skeleton optimizes its microarchitecture by elaborate adaptations to mechanical loading during development and growth. The mechanisms for adaptation involve a multistep process of cellular mechanotransduction stimulating bone modelling, and remodeling resulting in either bone formation or resorption. This process causes appropriate microarchitectural changes tending to adjust and improve the bone structure to its prevailing mechanical environment. Normal individual reaches peak bone mass at age between 25 and 30 years, and thereafter bone mass declines with age in both genders. The bone loss is accompanied by microarchitectural deterioration resulting in reduced mechanical strength likely leading to fragility fractures. With aging, inevitable bone loss occurs, which is frequently the cause of osteoporosis; and inevitable bone and joint degeneration happens, which often results in osteoarthrosis. These diseases are among the major health care problems in terms of socio-economic costs. The overall goals of the current series of studies were to investigate the age-related and osteoarthrosis (OA) related changes in the 3-D microarchitectural properties, mechanical properties, collagen and mineral quality of subchondral cancellous and cortical bone tissues. The studies included mainly two parts. For human subjects: aging- (I–IV) and early OArelated (V–VI) changes in cancellous bone properties were assessed. For OA guinea pig models (VII–IX), three topics were studied: firstly, the spontaneous, age-related development of guinea pig OA; secondly, the potential effects of hyaluronan on OA subchondral bone tissues; and thirdly, the effects on OA progression of an increase in subchondral bone density by inhibition of bone remodeling with a bisphosphonate. These investigations aimed to obtain more insight into the age-related and OA-related subchondral bone adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Heep H, Hilken G, Hofmeister S, Wedemeyer C. Osteoarthitis of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice in response to biomechanical loading in micro-CT. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:265-75. [PMID: 19343112 PMCID: PMC2664549 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Mechanotransduction is the mechanism that due to reacting chondrocytes on biomechanical loading of body mass. Higher biomechanical loading lead to increased degeneration of chondrocytes, whereas moderate loading is protecting. This suggests that body fat regulates bone metabolism first by means of hormonal factors and second that the effects of muscle and loading are signaling factors in mechanotransduction. Leptin, a peptide hormone produced predominantly by white fat cells, is one of these hormonal factors. The aim of this study was to investigate and measure the different effects of weight-bearing on trabecular bone formation in mice without the stimulation of leptin and with or without osteoarthritis. Materials and methods: 40 C57BL/ 6J ob/ob-mice in the age of 20 weeks have been devided into two groups with an ad-libitum-diet and with reduced diet. The hip- and knee-joints have been examinated in micro-CT-scan and histomorphologically. Results: Animals with an ad-libitum-diet were found to increase body weight significantly at the age of six weeks in comparison with lean mice. At the age of twenty weeks the obese mice were almost twice as heavy as the lean mice. Significant statistical differences are shown between the two groups for body weight and bone mineral density. Examination of trabecular bone in micro-CT revealed that the only statistically significant difference between the two groups was the trabecular number for the proximal femur. High weight-bearing insignificantly improved all trabecular bone parameters in the obese mice. Correlation was found between trabecular number and bone mineral density on the one hand and body weight on the other hand. The correlation between body weight and osteoarthritis shows a significant increase in grade of osteoarthritis as body weight increases in hip-joint and knee-joint but not in osteoarthritis-positive (OP) versus osteoarthritis-negative (ON) mices. The correlation of the hip-joint between micro-CT data and body weight shows an increase in these data as body weight increases in OP mices. The correlation of the hip-joint between micro-CT data and osteoarthritis shows a decrease in these data as osteoarthritis increases in OP mices. The correlation of the knee-joint between micro-CT data and body weight shows differencies between ON and OP mices. The correlation of the knee-joint between micro-CT data and osteoarthritis shows an increase in these data as osteoarthritis increases in OP mices. Conclusion: biomechanical loading led to decreased bone mineral density by a decrease in the number of trabeculae. Trabecular thickness was not increased by biomechanical loading in growing mice. Decreased body weight in leptin-deficient mice protects against bone loss. This finding is consistent with the principle of light-weight construction of bone. Differences in osteoarthritis-positive and osteoarthritis-negative mices show the eventual importance of diet in leptin-deficience. It is not possible to conclude that these results also apply to human beings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hansjoerg Heep
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Pattbergstrasse, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Clauss M, Ilchmann T, Zimmermann P, Schafroth MU, Lüem M, Ochsner PE. Classification of acetabular changes in osteoarthritis: a histological and radiological analysis of 122 consecutive drill biopsies routinely taken during THA. Surg Radiol Anat 2008; 30:547-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00276-008-0363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
40
|
Boniatis IS, Costaridou LI, Cavouras DA, Panagiotopoulos EC, Panayiotakis GS. Quantitative assessment of hip osteoarthritis based on image texture analysis. Br J Radiol 2006; 79:232-8. [PMID: 16498036 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/87956832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-invasive method was developed to investigate the potential capacity of digital image texture analysis in evaluating the severity of hip osteoarthritis (OA) and in monitoring its progression. 19 textural features evaluating patterns of pixel intensity fluctuations were extracted from 64 images of radiographic hip joint spaces (HJS), corresponding to 32 patients with verified unilateral or bilateral OA. Images were enhanced employing custom developed software for the delineation of the articular margins on digitized pelvic radiographs. The severity of OA for each patient was assessed by expert orthopaedists employing the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) scale. Additionally, an index expressing HJS-narrowing was computed considering patients from the unilateral OA-group. A textural feature that quantified pixel distribution non-uniformity (grey level non-uniformity, GLNU) demonstrated the strongest correlation with the HJS-narrowing index among all extracted features and utilized in further analysis. Classification rules employing GLNU feature were introduced to characterize a hip as normal or osteoarthritic and to assign it to one of three severity categories, formed in accordance with the KL scale. Application of the proposed rules resulted in relatively high classification accuracies in characterizing a hip as normal or osteoarthritic (90.6%) and in assigning it to the correct KL scale category (88.9%). Furthermore, the strong correlation between the HJS-narrowing index and the pathological GLNU (r = -0.9, p<0.001) was utilized to provide percentages quantifying hip OA-severity. Texture analysis may contribute in the quantitative assessment of OA-severity, in the monitoring of OA-progression and in the evaluation of a chondroprotective therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I S Boniatis
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Physics, 265 00 Patras, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chappard C, Peyrin F, Bonnassie A, Lemineur G, Brunet-Imbault B, Lespessailles E, Benhamou CL. Subchondral bone micro-architectural alterations in osteoarthritis: a synchrotron micro-computed tomography study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006; 14:215-23. [PMID: 16504546 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the three-dimensional (3D) micro-architecture of subchondral trabecular (Tb) bone in osteoarthritis (OA). Due to high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) by synchrotron radiation is considered as the gold standard for bone micro-architecture imaging. DESIGN Subchondral bone were extracted from femoral heads in OA cases in areas without cartilage (OAc-; n=6) and in adjacent areas with cartilage (OAc+; n=6) and compared to eight subchondral bone cores from osteoporosis cases (OP). The voxel size of images was 10.13 microm. We measured the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and morphological parameters: Tb thickness (TbTh), Tb spacing (TbSp), Tb number (TbN), and bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV). The degree of anisotropy (DA), the connectivity by the Euler number and the degree of mineralization (DM) were equally assessed. RESULTS BV/TV and morphological parameters showed significant differences between OAc- and OP samples (P<0.01 except TbTh: P<0.05) and between OAc- and OAc+ (0.05<P<0.01) but no difference between OAc+ and OP except TbN (P<0.01). The connectivity was higher in OAc- comparatively to OAc+ and OP. The DA were significantly different between OA and OP cases (P<0.01) but not between OAc- and OAc+ specimens. The DMs (mean+/-SD) were 0.817+/-0.142 g/cm(3), 0.873+/-0.161 g/cm(3), 0.906+/-0.156 g/cm(3) for OAc-, OAc+, OP (P<0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION Subchondral bone changes were mainly observed in advanced OA, when cartilage has been deleted and preserved in adjacent area. These data suggest that subchondral bone changes would be rather secondary to the cartilage deterioration than a primitive mechanism of OA. Nevertheless, longitudinal data could bring more accurate conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chappard
- Inserm, U 658, Centre Hospitalier Orleans, 45032 Orleans, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jones CW, Smolinski D, Keogh A, Kirk TB, Zheng MH. Confocal laser scanning microscopy in orthopaedic research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 40:1-71. [PMID: 15966255 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is a type of high-resolution fluorescence microscopy that overcomes the limitations of conventional widefield microscopy and facilitates the generation of high-resolution 3D images from relatively thick sections of tissue. As a comparatively non-destructive imaging technique, CLSM facilitates the in situ characterization of tissue microstructure. Images generated by CLSM have been utilized for the study of articular cartilage, bone, muscle, tendon, ligament and menisci by the foremost research groups in the field of orthopaedics including those teams headed by Bush, Errington, Guilak, Hall, Hunziker, Knight, Mow, Poole, Ratcliffe and White. Recent evolutions in techniques and technologies have facilitated a relatively widespread adoption of this imaging modality, with increased "user friendliness" and flexibility. Applications of CLSM also exist in the rapidly advancing field of orthopaedic implants and in the investigation of joint lubrication.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomedical Engineering
- Bone and Bones/cytology
- Cartilage, Articular/chemistry
- Cartilage, Articular/cytology
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondrocytes/chemistry
- Chondrocytes/cytology
- Collagen/chemistry
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Forecasting
- Humans
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- Immunohistochemistry
- Joints/cytology
- Ligaments/cytology
- Microscopy, Confocal/instrumentation
- Microscopy, Confocal/methods
- Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton/instrumentation
- Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton/methods
- Orthopedics
- Osteoclasts/cytology
- Research
- Tendons/cytology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Jones
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, MDBP M050, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Burr DB. Anatomy and physiology of the mineralized tissues: role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004; 12 Suppl A:S20-30. [PMID: 14698637 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2003.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Synovial joints are composed of several different kinds of tissue that interact to protect normal joint function. Three subchondral mineralized tissues can be identified-calcified cartilage, subchondral cortical bone, and subchondral trabecular bone-which are distinguished morphologically, physiologically, and mechanically. Each responds to mechanical and pharmaceutical stimuli in different ways through processes of growth, modeling, and remodeling, and changes in each may have a distinct effect on the health of the joint. It is important to distinguish between the structural properties of these tissues and their material properties as these change differently in osteoarthrosis (OA). It is likely that changes in the mineral content and thickness of the calcified cartilage play a greater role in the pathogenesis of OA than has been realized, whereas changes in trabecular bone are probably not causative. Changes in the subchondral cortical bone may accelerate progression of pre-existing disease, but the combined effects of increased subchondral bone turnover and greater subchondral bone volume are not at all clear. Ultimately, the efficacy of bone anti-resorptive therapies for OA will depend upon whether the increased structural stiffness of the subchondral mineralized tissues predisposes the cartilage to deteriorate, whether the increased bone turnover that occurs in OA is itself a causative factor, or whether the lower tissue elastic modulus offsets the increased structural stiffness of the subchondral plate in an attempt to protect the cartilage from damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Burr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Biomechanics and Biomaterials Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dequeker J, Aerssens J, Luyten FP. Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: clinical and research evidence of inverse relationship. Aging Clin Exp Res 2003; 15:426-39. [PMID: 14703009 DOI: 10.1007/bf03327364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) is multifactorial: both constitutional and environmental factors, ranging from genetic susceptibility, endocrine and metabolic status, to mechanical and traumatic injury, are thought to be involved. When interpreting research data, one must bear in mind that pathophysiologic factors, especially in disorders associated with aging, must be regarded as either primary or secondary. Therefore, findings in end-stage pathology are not necessarily the evidence or explanation of the primary cause or event in the diseased tissue. Both aspects of research are important for potentially curative or preventive measures. These considerations, in the case of our topic--the inverse relationship of OP and OA--are of particular importance. Although the inverse relationship between two frequent diseases associated with aging, OA and OP, has been observed and studied for more than 30 years, the topic remains controversial for some and stimulating for many. The anthropometric differences of patients suffering from OA compared with OP are well established. OA cases have stronger body build and are more obese. There is overwhelming evidence that OA cases have increased BMD or BMC at all sites. This increased BMD is related to high peak bone mass, as shown in mother-daughter and twin studies. With aging, the bone loss in OA is lower, except when measured near an affected joint (hand, hip, knee). The lower degree of bone loss with aging is explained by lower bone turnover as measured by bone resorption-formation parameters. OA cases not only have higher apparent and real bone density, but also wider geometrical measures of the skeleton, diameters of long bones and trabeculae, both contributing positively to better strength and fewer fragility fractures. Not only is bone quantity in OA different but also bone quality, compared with controls and OP cases, with increased content of growth factors such as IGF and TGFbeta, factors required for bone repair. Furthermore, in vitro studies of osteoblasts recruited from OA bone have different differentiation patterns and phenotypes. These general bone characteristics of OA bone may explain the inverse relationship OA-OP and why OA cases have fewer fragility fractures. The role of bone, in particular subchondral bone, in the pathophysiology, initiation and progression of OA is not fully elucidated and is still controversial. In 1970, it was hypothesized that an increased number of microfractures lead to an increase in subchondral bone stiffness, which impairs its ability to act as a shock absorber, so that cartilage suffers more. Although subchondral bone is slightly hypomineralized because of local increased turnover, the increase in trabecular number and volume compensates for this, resulting in a stiffer structure. There is also some experimental evidence that osteoblasts themselves release factors such as metalloproteinases directly or indirectly from the matrix, which predispose cartilage to deterioration. Instead, the osteoblast regenerative capacity of bone in OP is compromised compared with OA, as suggested by early cell adhesion differences. The proposition that drugs which suppress bone turnover in OP, such as bisphosphonates, may be beneficial for OA is speculative. Although bone turnover in the subchondral region of established OA is increased, the general bone turnover is reduced. Further reduction of bone turnover, however, may lead to overmineralized (aged) osteons and loss of bone quality, resulting in increased fragility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dequeker
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tamura T, Shirai T, Kosaka N, Ohmori K, Takafumi N. Pharmacological studies of diacerein in animal models of inflammation, arthritis and bone resorption. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 448:81-7. [PMID: 12126975 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Diacerein has proved to be effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis. We investigated the effects of diacerein in animal models of carrageenin-, zymosan-, or dextran-induced paw edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis and in ovariectomized rats. In acute inflammatory models, unlike classical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen and ibuprofen, diacerein inhibited the rat paw edema induced by various agents. In the adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, diacerein at 100 mg/kg/day significantly suppressed the paw edema and the increase in serum mucoprotein. Addition of 3 mg/kg/day naproxen to each diacerein (3, 10, 30 mg/kg/day) dose resulted in significantly greater anti-inflammatory activity than with naproxen alone. In the ovariectomized rats, diacerein (10, 100 mg/kg/day) also significantly prevented bone loss and reduced the serum alkaline phosphatase and decreased the excretion of urinary hydroxyproline. In addition, rhein (10, 30 microM) inhibited calcium release from mouse calvaria induced by interleukin-1 beta, prostaglandin E(2) and parathyroid hormone 1-34 human fragment. These findings indicate that diacerein is a novel anti-inflammatory drug with pharmacological properties different from those of classical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and support the clinical investigation of the use of combination therapy with diacerein and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with not only osteoarthritis but also rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Tamura
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka-ken 411-8731, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mawatari T, Miura H, Higaki H, Moro-Oka T, Kurata K, Murakami T, Iwamoto Y. Effect of vitamin K2 on three-dimensional trabecular microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15:1810-7. [PMID: 10977000 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.9.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 with four isoprene units, has been reported to improve osteoporotic bone loss. The purpose of this investigation was to clarify the effect of menatetrenone on the three-dimensional (3D) trabecular microarchitecture in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by using microcomputed tomography (MCT). Forty-two 13-week-old female rats were used and divided into four groups: the OVX (OVX + MK-4) group treated with menatetrenone, the (OVX untreated) group, the sham-operated (Sham + MK-4) group treated with menatetrenone, and the sham-operated group not treated with menatetrenone (Sham untreated) group. OVX rats were fed a calcium-deficient diet. Menatetrenone treatment was begun just after the ovariectomy, and the mean menatetrenone oral intake over the 8-week period was adjusted to 30 mg/kg BW per day. The proximal metaphyseal region of the right tibia was evaluated by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and MCT. A parametric analysis of the reconstructed trabecular volume was carried out using bone volume fractions, the fractal dimension calculated by the 3D box-counting method, and the connectivity density as determined by topological analysis. Menatetrenone significantly increased the trabecular bone volume, fractal dimension, and connectivity in the OVX + MK-4 group compared with the OVX-untreated group (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that an 8-week administration of menatetrenone protects against the loss of trabecular bone volume and its connectivity when treatment is begun just after the ovariectomy. Despite this apparent protection, it remains unknown whether it is possible to reestablish trabecular connectivity if therapeutic intervention occurs after the trabecular connectivity has been lost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Mawatari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ding M, Hvid I. Quantification of age-related changes in the structure model type and trabecular thickness of human tibial cancellous bone. Bone 2000; 26:291-5. [PMID: 10710004 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(99)00281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Structure model type and trabecular thickness are important characteristics in describing cancellous bone architecture. It has been qualitatively observed that a radical change of trabeculae from plate-like to rod-like occurs in aging, bone remodeling, and osteoporosis. Thickness of trabeculae has traditionally been measured using model-based histomorphometric methods on two-dimensional (2-D) sections. However, no quantitative study has been published based on three-dimensional (3-D) methods on the age-related changes in structure model type and trabecular thickness for human peripheral (tibial) cancellous bone. In this study, 160 human proximal tibial cancellous bone specimens from 40 normal donors, aged 16 to 85 years, were collected. These specimens were micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanned, then the micro-CT images were segmented using optimal thresholds. From accurate 3-D data sets, structure model type and trabecular thickness were quantified by means of novel 3-D methods. Structure model type was assessed by calculating the structure model index (SMI). The SMI was quantified based on a differential analysis of the triangulated bone surface of a structure. This technique allows quantification of structure model type, such as plate, rod objects, or mixture of plates or rods. Trabecular thickness is calculated directly from 3-D images, which is especially important for an a priori unknown or changing structure. Furthermore, 2-D trabecular thickness was also calculated based on the plate model. Our results showed that structure model type changed towards more rod-like in the elderly, and that trabecular thickness declined significantly with age. These changes become significant after 80 years of age for human tibial cancellous bone, whereas both properties seem to remain relatively unchanged between 20 and 80 years. Although a fairly close relationship was seen between 3-D trabecular thickness and 2-D trabecular thickness, real 3-D trabecular thickness was significantly underestimated using 2-D method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Uchiyama T, Tanizawa T, Muramatsu H, Endo N, Takahashi HE, Hara T. Three-dimensional microstructural analysis of human trabecular bone in relation to its mechanical properties. Bone 1999; 25:487-91. [PMID: 10511117 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(99)00188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this preliminary study is to explore the relationship between elastic modulus, bone mineral density (BMD), and trabecular microstructure in three dimensions. Twenty cubes of trabecular bone were processed from two lumbar vertebrae obtained from one individual. The BMD of each cube was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Each cube was serially scanned by microcomputed tomography to produce three-dimensional data sets. By analyzing these data sets, three-dimensional trabecular microstructural indices of connectivity density and fractal dimension were calculated as well as histomorphometric parameters. The cubes were tested mechanically in a nondestructive manner for measurement of their elastic modulus. This preliminary study showed that: (1) bone mass index is correlated with mechanical properties, with coefficients of correlation ranging from 0.552 to 0.601; and (2) when controlling for BMD, no association could be detected between measures of structural complexity (connectivity density and fractal dimension) and elastic modulus in the craniocaudal direction of human vertebral bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Uchiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Fractal analysis is a method for describing complex shapes, including the cancellous structure of bone. It describes the surface texture and form of individual trabecular profiles and the overall cancellous structure. Sixty-four postmenopausal women with symptoms of back pain were referred for investigation for osteoporosis. The patients were divided into two groups for comparison: vertebral crush fracture (n = 31, mean age 68.58 +/- 6.47 years), and no vertebral crush fracture (n = 33, mean age 63.36 +/- 7.21 years). Cores of cancellous bone, 3 mm in diameter, were taken from the iliac crest and sectioned. A box-counting method implemented on an image analyzer was used to measure the fractal dimension. Three fractal dimensions describing trabecular surface texture (fractal 1), trabecular shape (fractal 2), and trabecular arrangement (fractal 3) were measured, indicating that cancellous bone has sectional self-similarity. Conventional histomorphometry was also performed on the samples. The results show that fractal 2 is significantly lower in the vertebral crush fracture group than in the nonfracture group (1.15 +/- 0.10 < 1.23 +/- 0.090, p < 0.0013). The histomorphometric analysis shows that bone surface total volume (p < 0.0002), trabecular number (p < 0.0001), and osteoid surface bone surface (p < 0.028) are significantly lower in the fracture group than the nonfracture group. Eroded surface/bone surface (p < 0.056) follows this trend, whereas trabecular separation (p < 0.001) is significantly higher in the fracture group than in the nonfracture group. Fractal 1 and fractal 3 were not significantly different between study groups. The fractal dimension detects changes in the cancellous architecture and gives information about iliac bone transformation in postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N L Fazzalari
- Division of Tissue Pathology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|