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Bardai G, Ward LM, Trejo P, Moffatt P, Glorieux FH, Rauch F. Molecular diagnosis in children with fractures but no extraskeletal signs of osteogenesis imperfecta. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2095-2101. [PMID: 28378289 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In 26 of 94 individuals (28%) below 21 years of age who had a significant fracture history but did not have extraskeletal features of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), we detected disease-causing mutations in OI-associated genes. INTRODUCTION In children who have mild bone fragility but do not have extraskeletal features of OI, it can be difficult to establish a diagnosis on clinical grounds. Here, we assessed the diagnostic yield of genetic testing in this context, by sequencing a panel of genes that are associated with OI. METHODS DNA sequence analysis was performed on 94 individuals below 21 years of age who had a significant fracture history but had white sclera and no signs of dentinogenesis imperfecta. RESULTS Disease-causing variants were detected in 28% of individuals and affected 5 different genes. Twelve individuals had mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2, 8 in LRP5, 4 in BMP1, and 2 in PLS3. CONCLUSIONS DNA sequence analysis of currently known OI-associated genes identified disease-causing variants in more than a quarter of individuals with a significant fracture history but without extraskeletal manifestations of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bardai
- Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, 1003 Decarie, Montreal, Québec, H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - L M Ward
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Trejo
- Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, 1003 Decarie, Montreal, Québec, H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - P Moffatt
- Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, 1003 Decarie, Montreal, Québec, H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - F H Glorieux
- Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, 1003 Decarie, Montreal, Québec, H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - F Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, 1003 Decarie, Montreal, Québec, H4A 0A9, Canada.
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Styrkarsdottir U, Thorleifsson G, Eiriksdottir B, Gudjonsson SA, Ingvarsson T, Center JR, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA, Christiansen C, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sigurdsson G, Stefansson K. Two Rare Mutations in the COL1A2 Gene Associate With Low Bone Mineral Density and Fractures in Iceland. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:173-9. [PMID: 26235824 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide association study of low bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and spine utilizing sequence variants found through whole-genome sequencing of 2636 Icelanders. We found two rare missense mutations, p.Gly496Ala and p.Gly703Ser, in the COL1A2 gene that associate with measures of osteoporosis in Icelanders. Mutations in COL1A2 are known to cause the autosomal dominant disorder osteogenesis imperfecta. Both variants associate with low BMD and with osteoporotic fractures. p.Gly496Ala (frequency of 0.105%) shows the strongest association with low BMD at the spine (p = 1.8 × 10(-7) , odds ratio [OR] = 4.61 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.59, 8.18]), whereas p.Gly703Ser (frequency of 0.050%) is most strongly associated with low BMD at the hip (p = 1.9 × 10(-8) , OR = 9.34 [95% CI 4.28, 20.3]). Association with fractures was p = 2.2 × 10(-5) , OR = 3.75 (95% CI 2.03, 6.93) and p = 0.0023, OR = 4.32 (95% CI 1.69, 11.1), respectively. The carriers of these variants do not have signs of osteogenesis imperfecta other than low BMD, demonstrating that similar mutations in COL1A2 can affect skeletal phenotypes in more than one way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thorvaldur Ingvarsson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Tuan V Nguyen
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - John A Eisman
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia.,University of Notre Dame Australia (UNDA), Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunnar Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Timmusk S, Merlot E, Lövgren T, Järvekülg L, Berg M, Fossum C. Regulator of G protein signalling 16 is a target for a porcine circovirus type 2 protein. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:2425-2436. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.008896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction studies have suggested that the non-structural protein encoded by open reading frame 3 (ORF3) of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) binds specifically to a regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) related to human RGS16 (huRGS16). The full-length clone of RGS16 was generated from porcine cells and sequence analysis revealed a close relationship to huRGS16 and murine RGS16. In vitro pull-down experiments verified an interaction between porcine RGS16 (poRGS16) and ORF3 from PCV2. Using GST-linked ORF3 proteins from three different genogroups of PCV2 and from porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in the pull-down experiments indicated that there were differences in their ability to bind poRGS16. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of poRGS16 mRNA could be induced by a number of cell activators including mitogens (LPS and PHA), interferon inducers (ODN 2216 and poly I : C) and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Immunofluorescence labelling confirmed the induced expression of poRGS16 at the protein level and suggested that the PCV2 ORF3 protein co-localized with poRGS16 in LPS-activated porcine PBMC. Furthermore, poRGS16 appeared to participate in the translocation of the ORF3 protein into the cell nucleus, suggesting that the observed interaction may play an important role in the infection biology of porcine circovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirje Timmusk
- Institute of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Immunology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Biomedical Center, Box 588, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elodie Merlot
- INRA, UMR1079, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Immunology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Biomedical Center, Box 588, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanja Lövgren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Immunology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Biomedical Center, Box 588, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lilian Järvekülg
- Institute of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Mikael Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Parasitology and Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7036, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Fossum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Immunology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Biomedical Center, Box 588, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Steagall WK, Glasgow CG, Hathaway OM, Avila NA, Taveira-Dasilva AM, Rabel A, Stylianou MP, Lin JP, Chen X, Moss J. Genetic and morphologic determinants of pneumothorax in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 293:L800-8. [PMID: 17616646 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00176.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, a multisystem disease affecting women, is characterized by proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle-like cells in the lungs, leading to cystic destruction of the parenchyma and recurrent pneumothoraces. Clinical characteristics of lymphangioleiomyomatosis patients were analyzed to determine the relationship of pneumothoraces to disease progression. Patients were genotyped for polymorphisms in genes of extracellular matrix proteins collagen, elastin, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 to assess their association with pneumothoraces. Clinical data and polymorphisms in the genes for types I and III collagen, elastin, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 were compared with the prevalence of pneumothorax. Of 227 patients, 57% reported having had at least one pneumothorax. Cyst size on high-resolution computed tomography scans was associated with pneumothorax; patients with a history of pneumothorax were more likely to have larger cysts than patients who had no pneumothoraces. In patients with mild disease, those with a history of pneumothorax had a faster rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1); P = 0.001, adjusted for age) than those without. Genotype frequencies differed between patients with and without pneumothorax for polymorphisms in the types I and III collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-1 genes. Larger cysts may predispose lymphangioleiomyomatosis patients to pneumothorax, which, in early stages of disease, correlates with a more rapid rate of decline in FEV(1). Polymorphisms in types I and III collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-1 genes may cause differences in lung extracellular matrix that result in greater susceptibility to pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K Steagall
- Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1590, USA
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Chevrel G, Meunier PJ. Ostéogenèse imparfaite : prise en charge et traitement sont possibles et nécessaires tout au long de la vie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1169-8330(01)00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a group of inherited diseases responsible for varying degrees of skeletal fragility. Minimal trauma is sufficient to cause fractures and bone deformities. The classification of osteogenesis imperfecta has recently been improved by the inclusion of additional clinical and histomorphometric data. The diagnosis is often readily made in infancy; some cases, however, go unrecognized until adulthood. Lifelong multidisciplinary management is imperative. Pamidronate therapy in childhood is the most extensively studied treatment and has been proved beneficial. Other bisphosphonates are being evaluated, particularly in adults. Prevention of vitamin D and calcium deficiency is essential throughout life. Pain is common and should be given adequate attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chevrel
- Service de rhumatologie et de pathologie osseuse, h pital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France.
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Rauch F, Travers R, Norman ME, Taylor A, Parfitt AM, Glorieux FH. Deficient bone formation in idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis: a histomorphometric study of cancellous iliac bone. J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15:957-63. [PMID: 10804027 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.5.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (IJO), a rare cause of osteoporosis in children, is characterized by the occurrence of vertebral and metaphyseal fractures. Little is known about the histopathogenesis of IJO. We analyzed by quantitative histomorphometry iliac crest biopsies from 9 IJO patients (age, 10.0-12.3 years; 7 girls) after tetracycline labeling. Results were compared with identically processed samples from 12 age-matched children without metabolic bone disease and 11 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta type I. Compared with healthy controls, cancellous bone volume (BV) was markedly decreased in IJO patients (mean [SD]: 10.0% [3.1%] vs. 24.4% [3.8%]), because of a 34% reduction in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and a 37% lower trabecular number (Tb.N; p < 0.0001 each; unpaired t-test). Bone formation rate (BFR) per bone surface was decreased to 38% of the level in controls (p = 0.0006). This was partly caused by decreased recruitment of remodeling units, as shown by a trend toward lower activation frequency (54% of the control value; p = 0.08). Importantly, osteoblast team performance also was impaired, as evidenced by a decreased wall thickness (W.Th; 70% of the control value; p < 0.0001). Reconstruction of the formative sites revealed that osteoblast team performance was abnormally low even before mineralization started at a given site. No evidence was found for increased bone resorption. Compared with children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), IJO patients had a similarly decreased cancellous BV but a much lower bone turnover. These results suggest a pathogenetic model for IJO, in which impaired osteoblast team performance decreases the ability of cancellous bone to adapt to the increasing mechanical needs during growth. This will finally result in load failure at sites where cancellous bone is essential for stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rauch
- Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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