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Li H, Yang Z, Li S, Elfanah AMS, Abdelkhalik S, Tang X, Yin J, Ding M, Liu K, Yang M, Wang X. Stigma and Glume Characteristics Synergistically Determine the Stigma Exsertion Rate in Thermo-Photo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2267. [PMID: 39204703 PMCID: PMC11360827 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Wheat hybrids have been widely demonstrated to have remarkable heterosis or hybrid vigor in increasing yield potential and stability since the 1960s. Two-line hybrid wheat can achieve higher yields than local varieties, especially in marginal environments. However, the commercial application of hybrid wheat is hindered by higher seed costs, primarily due to lower yields in hybrid seed production. Stigma exsertion has been verified as a decisive factor in increasing rice's hybrid seed yield, but more investigation is needed in hybrid wheat breeding and production. In this study, four thermo-photo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, including K41S, K64S, K66S, and K68S, with different stigma exsertion rates (SERs) were used to compare the differences in floral architecture relative to stigma exsertion over two growing seasons. The results revealed that the K41S and K64S exhibited a relatively higher SER at 21.87% and 22.81%, respectively. No exserted stigma was observed in K66S, and K68S had an SER of only 0.82%. This study found that the stigma length, glume width and the length-width ratio of the glume were significantly correlated with the SER, with correlation coefficients of 0.46, -0.46 and 0.60, respectively. Other stigma features such as the branch angle, stretch width and hairbrush length, as well as the glume length, also had a weakly positive correlation with SER (r = 0.09-0.27). For K41S and K64S, the SER was significantly affected by the differences in the stigma branch angle and stigma stretch width among florets. A cross-pollination survey showed that the out-crossing ability of florets with an exserted stigma was about three times as high as that of florets with a non-exserted stigma. As a result, the stigma-exserted florets that accounted for 21.87% and 22.81% of the total florets in K41S and K64S produced 46.80% and 48.53% of the total cross-pollinated seeds in both sterile lines. These findings suggest that a longer stigma combined with a slender glume appears to be the essential floral feature of stigma exsertion in sterile wheat lines. It is expected that breeding and utilizing sterile lines with a higher SER would be a promising solution to cost-effective hybrid wheat seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Z.Y.); (S.L.); (A.M.S.E.); (S.A.); (X.T.); (J.Y.); (M.D.); (K.L.)
| | - Zhonghui Yang
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Z.Y.); (S.L.); (A.M.S.E.); (S.A.); (X.T.); (J.Y.); (M.D.); (K.L.)
| | - Shaoxiang Li
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Z.Y.); (S.L.); (A.M.S.E.); (S.A.); (X.T.); (J.Y.); (M.D.); (K.L.)
| | - Ahmed M. S. Elfanah
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Z.Y.); (S.L.); (A.M.S.E.); (S.A.); (X.T.); (J.Y.); (M.D.); (K.L.)
- Wheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Sedhom Abdelkhalik
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Z.Y.); (S.L.); (A.M.S.E.); (S.A.); (X.T.); (J.Y.); (M.D.); (K.L.)
- Wheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Xiong Tang
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Z.Y.); (S.L.); (A.M.S.E.); (S.A.); (X.T.); (J.Y.); (M.D.); (K.L.)
| | - Jian Yin
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Z.Y.); (S.L.); (A.M.S.E.); (S.A.); (X.T.); (J.Y.); (M.D.); (K.L.)
| | - Mingliang Ding
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Z.Y.); (S.L.); (A.M.S.E.); (S.A.); (X.T.); (J.Y.); (M.D.); (K.L.)
| | - Kun Liu
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Z.Y.); (S.L.); (A.M.S.E.); (S.A.); (X.T.); (J.Y.); (M.D.); (K.L.)
| | - Mujun Yang
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Z.Y.); (S.L.); (A.M.S.E.); (S.A.); (X.T.); (J.Y.); (M.D.); (K.L.)
| | - Xiue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (CIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
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Liu W, He G, Deng XW. Toward understanding and utilizing crop heterosis in the age of biotechnology. iScience 2024; 27:108901. [PMID: 38533455 PMCID: PMC10964264 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterosis, a universal phenomenon in nature, mainly reflected in the superior productivity, quality, and fitness of F1 hybrids compared with their inbred parents, has been exploited in agriculture and greatly benefited human society in terms of food security. However, the flexible and efficient utilization of heterosis has remained a challenge in hybrid breeding systems because of the limitations of "three-line" and "two-line" methods. In the past two decades, rapidly developed biotechnologies have provided unprecedented conveniences for both understanding and utilizing heterosis. Notably, "third-generation" (3G) hybrid breeding technology together with high-throughput sequencing and gene editing greatly promoted the efficiency of hybrid breeding. Here, we review emerging ideas about the genetic or molecular mechanisms of heterosis and the development of 3G hybrid breeding system in the age of biotechnology. In addition, we summarized opportunities and challenges for optimal heterosis utilization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Guangming He
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
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