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Variability of the Aerosol Content in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere from 2013 to 2019: Evidence of Volcanic Eruption Impacts. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper quantifies the tropical stratospheric aerosol content as impacted by volcanic events over the 2013–2019 period. We use global model simulations by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) which is part of the Community Earth System Model version 1.0 (CESM1). WACCM is associated with the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) sectional aerosol microphysics model which includes full sulphur chemical and microphysical cycles with no a priori assumption on particle size. Five main volcanic events (Kelud, Calbuco, Ambae, Raikoke and Ulawun) have been reported and are shown to have significantly influenced the stratospheric aerosol layer in the tropics, either through direct injection in this region or through transport from extra-tropical latitudes. Space-borne data as well as ground-based lidar and balloon-borne in situ observations are used to evaluate the model calculations in terms of aerosol content, vertical distribution, optical and microphysical properties, transport and residence time of the various volcanic plumes. Overall, zonal mean model results reproduce the occurrence and vertical extents of the plumes derived from satellite observations but shows some discrepancies for absolute values of extinction and of stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD). Features of meridional transport of the plumes emitted from extra-tropical latitudes are captured by the model but simulated absolute values of SAOD differ from 6 to 200% among the various eruptions. Simulations tend to agree well with observed in situ vertical profiles for the Kelud and Calbuco plumes but this is likely to depend on the period for which comparison is done. Some explanations for the model–measurement discrepancies are discussed such as the inaccurate knowledge of the injection parameters and the presence of ash not accounted in the simulations.
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The Unmanned Systems Research Laboratory (USRL): A New Facility for UAV-Based Atmospheric Observations. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12081042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Unmanned Systems Research Laboratory (USRL) of the Cyprus Institute is a new mobile exploratory platform of the EU Research Infrastructure Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research InfraStructure (ACTRIS). USRL offers exclusive Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-sensor solutions that can be deployed anywhere in Europe and beyond, e.g., during intensive field campaigns through a transnational access scheme in compliance with the drone regulation set by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) for the research, innovation, and training. UAV sensor systems play a growing role in the portfolio of Earth observation systems. They can provide cost-effective, spatial in-situ atmospheric observations which are complementary to stationary observation networks. They also have strong potential for calibrating and validating remote-sensing sensors and retrieval algorithms, mapping close-to-the-ground emission point sources and dispersion plumes, and evaluating the performance of atmospheric models. They can provide unique information relevant to the short- and long-range transport of gas and aerosol pollutants, radiative forcing, cloud properties, emission factors and a variety of atmospheric parameters. Since its establishment in 2015, USRL is participating in major international research projects dedicated to (1) the better understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions, (2) the profiling of aerosol optical properties in different atmospheric environments, (3) the vertical distribution of air pollutants in and above the planetary boundary layer, (4) the validation of Aeolus satellite dust products by utilizing novel UAV-balloon-sensor systems, and (5) the chemical characterization of ship and stack emissions. A comprehensive overview of the new UAV-sensor systems developed by USRL and their field deployments is presented here. This paper aims to illustrate the strong scientific potential of UAV-borne measurements in the atmospheric sciences and the need for their integration in Earth observation networks.
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Hamilton M. Optical design of low-cost polarimetric back-scatter sondes. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:4639-4648. [PMID: 29877373 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.004639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The optical design of a simple low-cost polarimetric balloon-borne backscatter sonde for detecting cloud thermodynamic phase is described. Simulations are performed to determine the best choice of polarization as well as the layout of the detectors with respect to the emitter. The variety of scattering angles of the detected photons, due to finite size detectors, has at least as great an effect as multiple scattering in determining the ratio of cross-polarized to co-polarized signal. The problem with aligned flat-plate ice crystals giving similar depolarization to spherical scatterers, noted in the context of cloud lidar, also occurs here even with a cloud of randomly oriented large plates. Nevertheless, we find that configurations of the instrument that can distinguish liquid droplets from a wide variety of ice crystal habits, including plates, are possible.
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Vernier JP, Fairlie TD, Natarajan M, Wienhold FG, Bian J, Martinsson BG, Crumeyrolle S, Thomason LW, Bedka KM. Increase in upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric aerosol levels and its potential connection with Asian pollution. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2015; 120:1608-1619. [PMID: 26691186 PMCID: PMC4672967 DOI: 10.1002/2014jd022372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Satellite observations have shown that the Asian Summer Monsoon strongly influences the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) aerosol morphology through its role in the formation of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II solar occultation and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar observations show that summertime UTLS Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) between 13 and 18 km over Asia has increased by three times since the late 1990s. Here we present the first in situ balloon measurements of aerosol backscatter in the UTLS from Western China, which confirm high aerosol levels observed by CALIPSO since 2006. Aircraft in situ measurements suggest that aerosols at lower altitudes of the ATAL are largely composed of carbonaceous and sulfate materials (carbon/sulfur elemental ratio ranging from 2 to 10). Back trajectory analysis from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization observations indicates that deep convection over the Indian subcontinent supplies the ATAL through the transport of pollution into the UTLS. Time series of deep convection occurrence, carbon monoxide, aerosol, temperature, and relative humidity suggest that secondary aerosol formation and growth in a cold, moist convective environment could play an important role in the formation of ATAL. Finally, radiative calculations show that the ATAL layer has exerted a short-term regional forcing at the top of the atmosphere of -0.1 W/m2 in the past 18 years. KEY POINTS Increase of summertime upper tropospheric aerosol levels over Asia since the 1990s Upper tropospheric enhancement also observed by in situ backscatter measurements Significant regional radiative forcing of -0.1 W/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Vernier
- Science Systems and Applications, IncHampton, Virginia, USA
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
- Correspondence to: J.-P. Vernier,,
| | - T D Fairlie
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
| | - M Natarajan
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
| | - F G Wienhold
- Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyZurich, Switzerland
| | - J Bian
- LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | | | - S Crumeyrolle
- LOA, CNRS–Université Lille1Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - L W Thomason
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
| | - K M Bedka
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
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Harrison RG, Nicoll KA. Note: Active optical detection of cloud from a balloon platform. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:066104. [PMID: 24985868 DOI: 10.1063/1.4882318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A disposable backscatter instrument is described for optical detection of cloud in the atmosphere from a balloon-carried platform. It uses an ultra-bright light emitting diode (LED) illumination source with a photodiode detector. Scattering of the LED light by cloud droplets generates a small optical signal which is separated from background light fluctuations using a lock-in technique. The signal to noise obtained permits cloud detection using the scattered LED light, even in daytime. The response is interpreted in terms of the equivalent visual range within the cloud. The device is lightweight (150 g) and low power (~30 mA), for use alongside a conventional meteorological radiosonde.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Harrison
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6BB, United Kingdom
| | - K A Nicoll
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6BB, United Kingdom
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Vernier JP, Pommereau JP, Garnier A, Pelon J, Larsen N, Nielsen J, Christensen T, Cairo F, Thomason LW, Leblanc T, McDermid IS. Tropical stratospheric aerosol layer from CALIPSO lidar observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Scarchilli C, Adriani A, Cairo F, Di Donfrancesco G, Buontempo C, Snels M, Moriconi ML, Deshler T, Larsen N, Luo B, Mauersberger K, Ovarlez J, Rosen J, Schreiner J. Determination of polar stratospheric cloud particle refractive indices by use of in situ optical measurements and T-matrix calculations. APPLIED OPTICS 2005; 44:3302-11. [PMID: 15943267 DOI: 10.1364/ao.44.003302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A new algorithm to infer structural parameters such as refractive index and asphericity of cloud particles has been developed by use of in situ observations taken by a laser backscattersonde and an optical particle counter during balloon stratospheric flights. All three main particles, liquid, ice, and a no-ice solid (NAT, nitric acid trihydrate) of polar stratospheric clouds, were observed during two winter flights performed from Kiruna, Sweden. The technique is based on use of the T-matrix code developed for aspherical particles to calculate the backscattering coefficient and particle depolarizing properties on the basis of size distribution and concentration measurements. The results of the calculations are compared with observations to estimated refractive indices and particle asphericity. The method has also been used in cases when the liquid and solid phases coexist with comparable influence on the optical behavior of the cloud to estimate refractive indices. The main results prove that the index of refraction for NAT particles is in the range of 1.37-1.45 at 532 nm. Such particles would be slightly prolate spheroids. The calculated refractive indices for liquid and ice particles are 1.51-1.55 and 1.31-1.33, respectively. The results for solid particles confirm previous measurements taken in Antarctica during 1992 and obtained by a comparison of lidar and optical particle counter data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Scarchilli
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Italian National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Rome, Italy
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Fromm M. Pyro-cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere: Observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern Canada on 3–4 August 1998. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Voigt C. In situ mountain-wave polar stratospheric cloud measurements: Implications for nitric acid trihydrate formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Suortti T, Karhu J, Kivi R, Kyrö E, Rosen J, Kjome N, Larsen N, Neuber R, Khattatov V, Rudakov V, Yushkov V, Nakane H. Evolution of the Arctic stratospheric aerosol mixing ratio measured with balloon-borne aerosol backscatter sondes for years 1988-2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Little LM, Papen GC. Fiber-based lidar for atmospheric water-vapor measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 2001; 40:3417-3427. [PMID: 18360367 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.003417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The design and evaluation of a prototype fiber-based lidar system for autonomous measurement of atmospheric water vapor are presented. The system components are described, along with current limitations and options for improvement. Atmospheric measurements show good agreement with modeled signal returns from 400 to 1000 m but are limited below 400 m as a result of errors in signal processing caused by violation of the assumptions used in the derivation of the differential absorption lidar equation.
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Beyerle G, Deckelmann H, Neuber R, Rosen JM, Reimer E, Schoeberl MR. Occurrence of solid particles in the winter polar stratosphere above the nitric acid trihydrate coexistence temperature inferred from ground-based polarization lidar observations at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Voigt C, Schreiner J, Kohlmann A, Zink P, Mauersberger K, Larsen N, Deshler T, Kröger C, Rosen J, Adriani A, Cairo F, Di Donfrancesco G, Viterbini M, Ovarlez J, Ovarlez H, David C, Dörnbrack A. Nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) in polar stratospheric clouds. Science 2000; 290:1756-8. [PMID: 11099412 DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5497.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation of polar stratospheric clouds was performed on 25 January 2000 with instruments onboard a balloon gondola flown from Kiruna, Sweden. Cloud layers were repeatedly encountered at altitudes between 20 and 24 kilometers over a wide range of atmospheric temperatures (185 to 197 kelvin). Particle composition analysis showed that a large fraction of the cloud layers was composed of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, containing water and nitric acid at a molar ratio of 3:1; this confirmed that these long-sought solid crystals exist well above ice formation temperatures. The presence of NAT particles enhances the potential for chlorine activation with subsequent ozone destruction in polar regions, particularly in early and late winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Voigt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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Rosen J, Young S, Laby J, Kjome N, Gras J. Springtime aerosol layers in the free troposphere over Australia: Mildura Aerosol Tropospheric Experiment (MATE 98). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Larsen N, Mikkelsen IS, Knudsen BM, Schreiner J, Voigt C, Mauersberger K, Rosen JM, Kjome NT. Comparison of chemical and optical in situ measurements of polar stratospheric cloud particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Doherty SJ, Anderson TL, Charlson RJ. Measurement of the lidar ratio for atmospheric aerosols with a 180 degrees backscatter nephelometer. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:1823-1832. [PMID: 18305813 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.001823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Laser radar (lidar) can be used to estimate atmospheric extinction coefficients that are due to aerosols if the ratio between optical extinction and 180 degrees backscatter (the lidar ratio) at the laser wavelength is known or if Raman or high spectral resolution data are available. Most lidar instruments, however, do not have Raman or high spectral resolution capability, which makes knowledge of the lidar ratio essential. We have modified an integrating nephelometer, which measures the scattering component of light extinction, by addition of a backward-pointing laser light source such that the detected light corresponds to integrated scattering over 176-178 degrees at a common lidar wavelength of 532 nm. Mie calculations indicate that the detected quantity is an excellent proxy for 180 degrees backscatter. When combined with existing techniques for measuring total scattering and absorption by particles, the new device permits a direct determination of the lidar ratio. A four-point calibration, run by filling the enclosed sample volume with particle-free gases of a known scattering coefficient, indicates a linear response and calibration reproducibility to within 4%. The instrument has a detection limit of 1.5 x 10(-7) m(-1) sr(-1) (approximately 10% of Rayleigh scattering by air at STP) for a 5-min average and is suitable for ground and mobile/airborne surveys. Initial field measurements yielded a lidar ratio of approximately 20 for marine aerosols and approximately 60-70 for continental aerosols, with an uncertainty of approximately 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Doherty
- University of Washington, Box 351640, Seattle, Washington 98195-1640, USA.
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Schreiner J, Voigt C, Kohlmann A, Arnold F, Mauersberger K, Larsen N. Chemical analysis of polar stratospheric cloud particles. Science 1999; 283:968-70. [PMID: 9974386 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5404.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A balloon-borne gondola carrying a particle analysis system, a backscatter sonde, and pressure and temperature sensors was launched from Kiruna, Sweden, on 25 January 1998. Measurements within polar stratospheric cloud layers inside the Arctic polar vortex show a close correlation between large backscatter ratios and enhanced particle-related water and nitric acid signals at low temperatures. Periodic structures in the data indicate the presence of lee waves. The H2O/HNO3 molar ratios are consistently found to be above 10 at atmospheric temperatures between 189 and 192 kelvin. Such high ratios indicate ternary solution particles of H2O, HNO3, and H2SO4 rather than the presence of solid hydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Danish Meteorological Institute, Division of Middle Atmosphere Research, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rosen JM, Kjome NT, Larsen N, Knudsen BM, Kyrö E, Kivi R, Karhu J, Neuber R, Beninga I. Polar stratospheric cloud threshold temperatures in the 1995-1996 arctic vortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Larsen N, Knudsen BM, Rosen JM, Kjome NT, Neuber R, Kyrö E. Temperature histories in liquid and solid polar stratospheric cloud formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Rosen JM, Kjome NT, Liley JB. Tropospheric aerosol backscatter at a midlatitude site in the northern and southern hemispheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Rosen JM, Kjome NT. Balloon-borne measurements of the aerosol extinction-to-backscatter ratio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Rosen JM, Pinnick RG, Garvey DM. Measurement of extinction-to-backscatter ratio for near-surface aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Menzies RT, Tratt DM. Airborne lidar observations of tropospheric aerosols during the Global Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) Pacific circumnavigation missions of 1989 and 1990. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Menzies RT, Tratt DM. Evidence of seasonally dependent stratosphere-troposphere exchange and purging of lower stratospheric aerosol from a multiyear lidar data set. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Mocker HW, Wagener TJ. Laser Doppler optical air-data system: feasibility demonstration and systems specifications. APPLIED OPTICS 1994; 33:6457-6471. [PMID: 20941184 DOI: 10.1364/ao.33.006457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A compact laser Doppler velocimeter with diode-pumped solid-state laser technology at 1.06 µm and a novel solid-block beam-splitting interferometer was demonstrated. This system allows for accurate Doppler velocity measurements even in a vibration environment. A comparison of the backscatter measurements with a backscatter sonde from the University of Wyoming showed excellent agreement. Based on demonstrated performance and technology projection, the system specifications of an optical air-data system at 2.015 µm are determined, and a detailed design concept is presented. In addition, the potential for a multifunctional sensor that can determine air data and detect wind shear and wake vortices is addressed.
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Gibson FW. Variability in atmospheric light-scattering properties with altitude. APPLIED OPTICS 1994; 33:4919-4929. [PMID: 20935868 DOI: 10.1364/ao.33.004919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The altitudinal variability in angular scattering properties of the troposphere and stratosphere was measured with a balloonborne polar nephelometer. An analysis of interdependent experimental parameters provides information on the scattering phase function and inferred size distribution of aerosol particles as a function of altitude. These aerosol characteristics are extractable from the scattering dissymmetry index and its relationship to spectral dispersion in turbidity and the aerosol phase function. The problem of the correlation between backscatter and extinction is addressed from the perspectives of in situ observations.
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Rosen JM, Kjome NT, McKenzie RL, Liley JB. Decay of Mount Pinatubo aerosol at midlatitudes in the northern and southern hemispheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Zeng J, McKenzie R, Stamnes K, Wineland M, Rosen J. Measured UV spectra compared with discrete ordinate method simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rosen JM, Kjome NT, Oltmans SJ. Simultaneous ozone and polar stratospheric cloud observations at South Pole station during winter and spring 1991. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Rosen JM, Bodhaine BA, Boatman JF, DeLuisi JJ, Post MJ, Kim Y, Schnell RC, Sheridan PJ, Garvey DM. Measured and calculated optical property profiles in the mixed layer and free troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Rosen JM, Kjome NT, Khattatov VU, Rudakov VV, Yushkov VA. Observations of ozone and polar stratospheric clouds at Heiss Island during winter 1988–1989. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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