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Jarrold CC. Probing Anion-Molecule Complexes of Atmospheric Relevance Using Anion Photoelectron Detachment Spectroscopy. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 3:17-29. [PMID: 36718261 PMCID: PMC9881448 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bimolecular reaction and collision complexes that drive atmospheric chemistry and contribute to the absorption of solar radiation are fleeting and therefore inherently challenging to study experimentally. Furthermore, primary anions in the troposphere are short lived because of a complicated web of reactions and complex formation they undergo, making details of their early fate elusive. In this perspective, the experimental approach of photodetaching mass-selected anion-molecule complexes or complex anions, which prepares neutrals in various vibronic states, is surveyed. Specifically, the application of anion photoelectron spectroscopy along with photoelectron-photofragment coincidence spectroscopy toward the study of collision complexes, complex anions in which a partial covalent bond is formed, and radical bimolecular reaction complexes, with relevance in tropospheric chemistry, will be highlighted.
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Zagidullin MV, Pershin AA, Azyazov VN, Mebel AM. Luminescence of the (O2(a(1)Δ(g)))2 collisional complex in the temperature range of 90-315 K: Experiment and theory. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:244315. [PMID: 26723679 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies of collision induced emission of singlet oxygen molecules O2(a(1)Δg) in the visible range have been performed. The rate constants, half-widths, and position of peaks for the emission bands of the (O2(a(1)Δg))2 collisional complex centered around 634 nm (2) and 703 nm (3) have been measured in the temperature range of 90-315 K using a flow-tube apparatus that utilized a gas-liquid chemical singlet oxygen generator. The absolute values of the spontaneous emission rate constants k2 and k3 are found to be similar, with the k3/k2 ratio monotonically decreasing from 1.1 at 300 K to 0.96 at 90 K. k2 slowly decreases with decreasing temperature but a sharp increase in its values is measured below 100 K. The experimental results were rationalized in terms of ab initio calculations of the ground and excited potential energy and transition dipole moment surfaces of singlet electronic states of the (O2)2 dimole, which were utilized to compute rate constants k2 and k3 within a statistical model. The best theoretical results reproduced experimental rate constants with the accuracy of under 40% and correctly described the observed temperature dependence. The main contribution to emission process (2), which does not involve vibrational excitation of O2 molecules at the ground electronic level, comes from the spin- and symmetry-allowed 1(1)Ag←(1)B3u transition in the rectangular H configuration of the dimole. Alternatively, emission process (3), in which one of the monomers becomes vibrationally excited in the ground electronic state, is found to be predominantly due to the vibronically allowed 1(1)Ag←2(1)Ag transition induced by the asymmetric O-O stretch vibration in the collisional complex. The strong vibronic coupling between nearly degenerate excited singlet states of the dimole makes the intensities of vibronically and symmetry-allowed transitions comparable and hence the rate constants k2 and k3 close to one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Zagidullin
- Samara State Aerospace University, Samara 443086, Russia
| | - A A Pershin
- Samara State Aerospace University, Samara 443086, Russia
| | - V N Azyazov
- Samara State Aerospace University, Samara 443086, Russia
| | - A M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
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Thalman R, Volkamer R. Temperature dependent absorption cross-sections of O2-O2 collision pairs between 340 and 630 nm and at atmospherically relevant pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:15371-81. [PMID: 23928555 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50968k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The collisions between two oxygen molecules give rise to O4 absorption in the Earth atmosphere. O4 absorption is relevant to atmospheric transmission and Earth's radiation budget. O4 is further used as a reference gas in Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) applications to infer properties of clouds and aerosols. The O4 absorption cross section spectrum of bands centered at 343, 360, 380, 446, 477, 532, 577 and 630 nm is investigated in dry air and oxygen as a function of temperature (203-295 K), and at 820 mbar pressure. We characterize the temperature dependent O4 line shape and provide high precision O4 absorption cross section reference spectra that are suitable for atmospheric O4 measurements. The peak absorption cross-section is found to increase at lower temperatures due to a corresponding narrowing of the spectral band width, while the integrated cross-section remains constant (within <3%, the uncertainty of our measurements). The enthalpy of formation is determined to be ΔH(250) = -0.12 ± 0.12 kJ mol(-1), which is essentially zero, and supports previous assignments of O4 as collision induced absorption (CIA). At 203 K, van der Waals complexes (O(2-dimer)) contribute less than 0.14% to the O4 absorption in air. We conclude that O(2-dimer) is not observable in the Earth atmosphere, and as a consequence the atmospheric O4 distribution is for all practical means and purposes independent of temperature, and can be predicted with an accuracy of better than 10(-3) from knowledge of the oxygen concentration profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Thalman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Zagidullin MV, Khvatov NA, Malyshev MS. Kinetics of formation of O2(1Σ) molecules in reactions involving excited O2(1Δ) oxygen molecules and I(2 P 1/2) iodine atoms. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793111060273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Spiering FR, van der Zande WJ. Collision induced absorption in the a1Δ(v = 2) ← X3Σ−g(v = 0) band of molecular oxygen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9923-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40961e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zagidullin MV. The rate constants of singlet oxygen collision-induced emission at 634 and 703 nm wavelengths. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793111020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Spiering FR, Kiseleva MB, Filippov NN, van Kesteren L, van der Zande WJ. Collision-induced absorption in the O2 B-band region near 670 nm. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:9616-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20403c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Kinetic study on the photoabsorption process of gaseous O2 dimol at 630nm in a wide pressure range. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Langridge JM, Ball SM, Shillings AJL, Jones RL. A broadband absorption spectrometer using light emitting diodes for ultrasensitive, in situ trace gas detection. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:123110. [PMID: 19123548 DOI: 10.1063/1.3046282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A broadband absorption spectrometer has been developed for highly sensitive and target-selective in situ trace gas measurements. The instrument employs two distinct modes of operation: (i) broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS) is used to quantify the concentration of gases in sample mixtures from their characteristic absorption features, and (ii) periodic measurements of the cavity mirrors' reflectivity are made using step-scan phase shift cavity ringdown spectroscopy (PSCRDS). The latter PSCRDS method provides a stand-alone alternative to the more usual method of determining mirror reflectivities by measuring BBCEAS absorption spectra for calibration samples of known composition. Moreover, the instrument's two modes of operation use light from the same light emitting diode transmitted through the cavity in the same optical alignment, hence minimizing the potential for systematic errors between mirror reflectivity determinations and concentration measurements. The ability of the instrument to quantify absorber concentrations is tested in instrument intercomparison exercises for NO(2) (versus a laser broadband cavity ringdown spectrometer) and for H(2)O (versus a commercial hygrometer). A method is also proposed for calculating effective absorption cross sections for fitting the differential structure in BBCEAS spectra due to strong, narrow absorption lines that are under-resolved and hence exhibit non-Beer-Lambert law behavior at the resolution of the BBCEAS measurements. This approach is tested on BBCEAS spectra of water vapor's 4v+delta absorption bands around 650 nm. The most immediate analytical application of the present instrument is in quantifying the concentration of reactive trace gases in the ambient atmosphere. The instrument's detection limits for NO(3) as a function of integration time are considered in detail using an Allan variance analysis. Experiments under laboratory conditions produce a 1sigma detection limit of 0.25 pptv for a 10 s acquisition time, which improves with further signal averaging to 0.09 pptv in 400 s. Finally, an example of the instrument's performance under field work conditions is presented, in this case of measurements of the sum of NO(3)+N(2)O(5) concentrations in the marine boundary layer acquired during the Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer field campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Langridge
- Department of Chemistry, University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Robie DC. Effects of intercollisional interference on measured line strengths in the 3-0 quadrupole band of H2. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Robie DC, Hodges JT. Line positions and line strengths for the 3<--0 electric quadrupole band of H2 1Sigmag +. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:024307. [PMID: 16422583 DOI: 10.1063/1.2145925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several rotational lines in the S and Q branches [including the previously unobserved Q(2) and Q(3) lines] of the 3-0 electric quadrupole band of H2 have been detected by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Line strengths were measured at densities between 2.7x10(18) and 7.5x10(19) molecules cm-3 at room temperature. The observed line strengths in the S branch are consistent with earlier measurements, and systematically below theoretical calculations [relative differences of approximately 10% for the S(1),S(2), and S(3) lines, and nearly 30% for the S(0) line]. Line strength measurements for the Q branch range from 25% to 33% below theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Robie
- Department of Chemistry, York College, City University of New York, Jamaica, New York 11451, USA.
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Tipping R, Ma Q, Boulet C, Hartmann JM. Theoretical analysis of the collision-induced electronic absorptions in O2–N2 and O2–CO2 pairs. J Mol Struct 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bernhard G, Booth CR, Ehramjian JC. Version 2 data of the National Science Foundation's Ultraviolet Radiation Monitoring Network: South Pole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc.; San Diego California USA
| | - C. R. Booth
- Biospherical Instruments Inc.; San Diego California USA
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Morville J, Romanini D, Campargue A, Bacis R. OPO-pulsed CRDS of the visible collision induced absorption bands of oxygen at low temperature. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Thompson JE, Smith BW, Winefordner JD. Monitoring atmospheric particulate matter through cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2002; 74:1962-7. [PMID: 12033292 DOI: 10.1021/ac0110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy was explored as a means to measure atmospheric optical extinction. Ambient air was sampled through a window on the campus of the University of Florida and transported to a ring-down cell fashioned from standard stainless steel vacuum components. When a copper vapor laser operating at 10 kHz is employed, this arrangement allowed for nearly continuous monitoring of atmospheric extinction at 510 and 578 nm. We have characterized the system performance in terms of detection limit and dynamic range and also monitored a change in atmospheric extinction during a nearby wildfire and fireworks exhibition. The sensitivity and compatibility with automation of the technique renders it useful as a laboratory-based measurement of airborne particulate matter.
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Wagner T. UV-visible observations of atmospheric O4absorptions using direct moonlight and zenith-scattered sunlight for clear-sky and cloudy sky conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Lang R. Forward modeling and retrieval of water vapor from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment: Treatment of narrowband absorption spectra. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith KM, Newnham DA, Williams RG. Collision-induced absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere by molecular oxygen at 1.27 μm: Field observations and model calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Naus H, Ubachs W, Levelt PF, Polyansky OL, Zobov NF, Tennyson J. Cavity-Ring-Down Spectroscopy on Water Vapor in the Range 555-604 nm. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2001; 205:117-121. [PMID: 11148115 DOI: 10.1006/jmsp.2000.8246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The method of pulsed cavity-ring-down spectroscopy was employed to record the water vapor absorption spectrum in the wavelength range 555-604 nm. The spectrum consists of 1830 lines, calibrated against the iodine standard with an accuracy of 0.01 cm(-1); 800 of these lines are not obtained in the HITRAN 96 database, while 243 are not included in the newly recorded Fourier transform spectrum of the Reims group. Of the set of hitherto unobserved lines, 111 could be given an assignment in terms of rovibrational quantum numbers from a comparison with first principles calculations. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Naus
- Laser Centre, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Naus H, Ubachs W. Experimental verification of Rayleigh scattering cross sections. OPTICS LETTERS 2000; 25:347-349. [PMID: 18059876 DOI: 10.1364/ol.25.000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The cavity-ringdown technique is applied to measure Rayleigh extinctions of Ar, N(2), and SF(6) in the 560-650-nm region at 294 K. It is shown that experimental and calculated Rayleigh scattering cross sections agree within an experimental uncertainty of 1% (for SF(6), 3%).
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