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Maithani S, Maity A, Pradhan M. A Prototype Evanescent Wave-Coupled Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer for Probing Real-Time Aggregation Kinetics of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3998-4005. [PMID: 32008320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the development of a simple, linear optical cavity-based system combining evanescent wave (EW) with high-sensitive cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique using a diode laser at 644 nm and a right-angled prism for evanescent field generation on prism surface. We characterized the setup in detail and achieved an optimum ring-down time of 159.4 ns and a minimum absorption coefficient of αmin = 1.67 × 10-6 cm-1. We utilized this setup to investigate the salt-induced aggregation kinetics of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) at the prism interface with high-sensitivity. We evaluated the extinction rates on the surface due to Au and Ag NPs aggregation and examined the variations due to their respective concentrations. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed EW-CRDS prototype setup to different molecular systems, we investigated the urease-bound aggregation kinetics of the Au and Ag NPs which has not been explored earlier by this linear cavity geometry. We finally illustrated the aggregation dynamics through surface imaging, thus demonstrating an alternative analytical approach to monitor interfacial phenomena using EW-CRDS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchi Maithani
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata-700106, India
| | - Abhijit Maity
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata-700106, India
| | - Manik Pradhan
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata-700106, India.,Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata-700106, India
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Stamataki K, Papadakis V, Everest MA, Tzortzakis S, Loppinet B, Peter Rakitzis T. Monitoring adsorption and sedimentation using evanescent-wave cavity ringdown ellipsometry. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:1086-1093. [PMID: 23400071 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We monitor the adsorption of Rhodamine 800, and the sedimentation of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) suspension at the surface of a fused-silica prism, by measuring both the absorption and s-p phase shift Δ of a 740 nm probe laser beam, using evanescent-wave cavity ringdown ellipsometry (EW-CRDE). The two systems demonstrate the complementary strengths of EW-CRDE, as the progress of adsorption of the Rhodamine 800 dye can only be observed sensitively via the measurement of absorption, whereas the progress of sedimentation of PTFE can only be observed sensitively via the measurement of Δ. We show that EW-CRDE provides a sensitive method for the measurement of Δ and demonstrates precision in Δ of about 10(-4) deg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Stamataki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion-Crete 71110, Greece
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Gupta R, Bastani B, Goddard NJ, Grieve B. Absorption spectroscopy in microfluidic flow cells using a metal clad leaky waveguide device with a porous gel waveguide layer. Analyst 2013; 138:307-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35898k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Everest MA, Papadakis VM, Stamataki K, Tzortzakis S, Loppinet B, Rakitzis TP. Evanescent-Wave Cavity Ring-Down Ellipsometry. J Phys Chem Lett 2011; 2:1324-1327. [PMID: 26295429 DOI: 10.1021/jz200515d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the new technique of evanescent-wave cavity ring-down ellipsometry (EW-CRDE), used for the measurement of ellipsometric angles of samples at a solid-gas or solid-liquid interface, and achieve phase-shift measurements with precision of ∼0.01°. We demonstrate the technique by measuring the time-dependent refractive index of methanol-water mixtures and thin films at the liquid/fused-silica interface, showing that the monitoring of monolayers on microsecond time scales using EW-CRDE should be achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Everest
- †Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
- ‡Department of Chemistry, George Fox University, Newberg, Oregon 97132, United States
| | - Vassilis M Papadakis
- †Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Stamataki
- †Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - Stelios Tzortzakis
- †Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - Benoit Loppinet
- †Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - T Peter Rakitzis
- †Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
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Schnippering M, Neil SRT, Mackenzie SR, Unwin PR. Evanescent wave cavity-based spectroscopic techniques as probes of interfacial processes. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:207-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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A free-flowing soap film combined with cavity ring-down spectroscopy as a detection system for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3316-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Egashira K, Terasaki A, Kondow T. Photon-trap spectroscopy applied to molecules adsorbed on a solid surface: probing with a standing wave versus a propagating wave. APPLIED OPTICS 2010; 49:1151-1157. [PMID: 20197812 DOI: 10.1364/ao.49.001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We apply photon-trap spectroscopy, a generalized scheme of cavity ringdown spectroscopy, to infrared spectroscopy of molecular adsorbates on a solid substrate. The storage lifetime of light in a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity provides a high absorbance sensitivity for the substrate sample, which is placed exactly normal to the light beam in the cavity to minimize optical losses. Infrared spectra of the C-H stretching vibration of alkylsiloxane monolayer films on a silicon substrate are measured in three ways, namely by employing pulsed and continuous-wave lasers as well as by conventional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The magnitude of optical absorption is shown to vary by the character of the interacting light used in the measurement, i.e., a standing wave versus a propagating wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Egashira
- East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
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Karaiskou A, Papadakis V, Loppinet B, Rakitzis TP. Cavity ring-down ellipsometry. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:121101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3236819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Powell HV, Schnippering M, Mazurenka M, Macpherson JV, Mackenzie SR, Unwin PR. Evanescent wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy as a probe of interfacial adsorption: interaction of Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) with silica surfaces and polyelectrolyte films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:248-255. [PMID: 19072204 DOI: 10.1021/la802707q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Evanescent wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) has been used to study the interaction of the tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complex, [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+), at both native silica surfaces and surfaces modified with polyelectrolyte films. Both poly-l-lysine (PLL) and PLL/poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) bilayer functionalized interfaces have been studied. Concentration isotherms exhibit Langmuir-type adsorption behavior on both silica and PGA-terminated surfaces from which equilibrium constants have been derived. The pH-dependence of the [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) adsorption to silica and the PLL/PGA film has also been investigated. For the latter substrate, the effective surface pK(a) of the acid groups was found to be 5.5. The effect of supporting electrolyte was also investigated and was shown to have a significant effect on the extent of [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) adsorption. A thin-layer electrochemical cell arrangement, in which a working electrode was positioned just above the substrate, was used to change the solution pH in a controlled way via the potential-pulsed chronoamperometric oxidation of water. By measuring the optical absorption using EW-CRDS during such experiments, the desorption of [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) from the surface has been monitored in real time. Experiments were carried out at different cell thicknesses and at various pulse durations. By combining data from the EW-CRDS experiments with fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to determine the pH at the substrate surface, the pK(a) of the PLL/PGA film could be ascertained and was found to agree with the static pH isotherm measurements. These studies provide a platform for the further use of electrochemistry combined with EW-CRDS to investigate dynamic processes at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley V Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL
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van der Sneppen L, Ariese F, Gooijer C, Ubachs W. Liquid-phase and evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy in analytical chemistry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2009; 2:13-35. [PMID: 20636052 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-060908-155301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to its simplicity, versatility, and straightforward interpretation into absolute concentrations, molecular absorbance detection is widely used in liquid-phase analytical chemistry. Because this method is inherently less sensitive than zero-background techniques such as fluorescence detection, alternative, more sensitive measurement principles are being explored. This review discusses one of these: cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Advantages of this technique include its long measurement pathlength and its insensitivity to light-source-intensity fluctuations. CRDS is already a well-established technique in the gas phase, so we focus on two new modes: liquid-phase CRDS and evanescent-wave (EW)-CRDS. Applications of liquid-phase CRDS in analytical chemistry focus on improving the sensitivity of absorbance detection in liquid chromatography. Currently, EW-CRDS is still in early stages: It is used to study basic interactions between molecules and silica surfaces. However, in the future this method may be used to develop, for instance, biosensors with high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L van der Sneppen
- Laser Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
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Wang X, Hinz M, Vogelsang M, Welsch T, Kaufmann D, Jones H. A new approach to detecting biologically active substances with evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ruth AA, Lynch KT. Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced total internal reflection spectroscopy of surface-adsorbed metallo-porphyrins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:7098-108. [DOI: 10.1039/b809591d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aarts IMP, Pipino ACR, Hoefnagels JPM, Kessels WMM, van de Sanden MCM. Quasi-ice monolayer on atomically smooth amorphous SiO2 at room temperature observed with a high-finesse optical resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:166104. [PMID: 16241820 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.166104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The structure of an H(2)O monolayer bound to atomically smooth hydroxylated amorphous silica is probed under ambient conditions by near-infrared evanescent-wave cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy. Employing a miniature monolithic optical resonator, we find sharp (approximately 10 cm(-1)) and polarized (>10:1) vibration-combination bands for surface OH and adsorbed H(2)O, which reveal ordered species in distinct local environments. Indicating first-monolayer uniqueness, the absorption bands for adsorbed H(2)O show intensity saturation and line narrowing with completion of one monolayer. Formation of the ordered H(2)O monolayer likely arises from H bonding to a quasicrystalline surface OH network.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M P Aarts
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
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Pipino AC, Silin V. Gold nanoparticle response to nitro-compounds probed by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li F, Zare RN. Molecular Orientation Study of Methylene Blue at an Air/Fused-Silica Interface Using Evanescent-Wave Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:3330-3. [PMID: 16851361 DOI: 10.1021/jp045290a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS), we monitored the change in the absorbance of a thin film of methylene blue (MB) at an air/fused-silica interface while varying the polarization of the incident light (600 nm). We derived the average orientation angle of the planar MB molecules with respect to the surface normal and observed that the average orientation angle decreases as the surface concentration increases. At low surface concentrations, the MB molecules lie almost flat on the surface, whereas at higher surface concentrations the molecules become vertically oriented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Mazurenka M, Orr-Ewing AJ, Peverall R, Ritchie GAD. 4 Cavity ring-down and cavity enhanced spectroscopy using diode lasers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b408909j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pipino ACR, Hoefnagels JPM, Watanabe N. Absolute surface coverage measurement using a vibrational overtone. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:2879-88. [PMID: 15268435 DOI: 10.1063/1.1637338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of absolute surface coverage with sub-monolayer sensitivity is demonstrated using evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) and conventional CRDS by employing conservation of the absolute integrated absorption intensity between gas and adsorbed phases. The first C-H stretching overtones of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene, and trans-dichloroethylene are probed using the idler of a seeded optical parametric amplifier having a 0.075 cm(-1) line width. Polarized absolute adsorbate spectra are obtained by EW-CRDS using a fused-silica monolithic folded resonator having a finesse of 28 500 at 6050 cm(-1), while absolute absorption cross sections for the gas-phase species are determined by conventional CRDS. A measure of the average transition moment orientation on the surface, which is utilized for the coverage determination, is derived from the polarization anisotropy of the surface spectra. Coverage measurement by EW-CRDS is compared to a mass-spectrometer-based surface-uptake technique, which we also employ for coverage measurements of TCE on thermally grown SiO(2) surfaces. To assess the potential for environmental sensing, we also compare EW-CRDS to optical waveguide techniques developed previously for TCE detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C R Pipino
- Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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Pipino ACR, Woodward JT, Meuse CW, Silin V. Surface-plasmon-resonance-enhanced cavity ring-down detection. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:1585-93. [PMID: 15268285 DOI: 10.1063/1.1629279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cavity ring-down technique is used to probe the absolute optical response of the localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of a gold nanoparticle distribution to adsorption of trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE) from the gas phase. Extended Mie theory for a coated sphere with a particle-size-dependent dielectric function is used to elucidate size-dispersion effects, the size-dependence of the SPR sensitivity to adsorption, and the kinetics of adsorption. An approximate Gaussian distribution of nanospheres with a mean diameter of 4.5 nm and a standard deviation of 1.1 nm, as determined by atomic force microscopy, is provided by the intrinsic granularity of an ultrathin, gold film, having a nominal thickness of approximately 0.18 nm. The cavity ring-down measurements employ a linear resonator with an intracavity flow cell, which is formed by a pair of ultrasmooth, fused-silica optical flats at Brewster's angle, where the Au film is present on a single flat. The total system intrinsic loss is dominated by the film extinction, while the angled flats alone contribute only approximately 5 x 10(-5)/flat to the total loss. Based on a relative ring-down time precision of 0.1% for ensembles averages of 25 laser shots from a pulsed optical parametric oscillator, the minimum detectable concentrations of PCE and TCE obtained by probing the SPR response are found to be 2 and 7 x 10(-8) mol/L, respectively, based on a 30 s integration time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C R Pipino
- Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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