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Bulgakova V, Chizhov P, Ushakov A, Ratnikov P, Goncharov Y, Martyanov A, Kononenko V, Savin S, Golovnin I, Konov V, Garnov S. Optical Pump-Terahertz Probe Diagnostics of the Carrier Dynamics in Diamonds. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:119. [PMID: 38203973 PMCID: PMC10779634 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Diamond is a promising material for terahertz applications. In this work, we use a non-invasive optical pump-terahertz probe method to experimentally study the photoinduced carrier dynamics in doped diamond monocrystals and a new diamond-silicon composite. The chemical vapor deposited diamond substrate with embedded silicon microparticles showed two photoinduced carrier lifetimes (short lifetime on the order of 4 ps and long lifetime on the order of 200 ps). The short lifetime is several times less than in boron-doped diamonds and nitrogen-doped diamonds which were grown using a high temperature-high pressure technique. The observed phenomenon is explained by the transport of photoexcited carriers across the silicon-diamond interface, resulting in dual relaxation dynamics. The observed phenomenon could be used for ultrafast flexible terahertz modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislava Bulgakova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.C.)
| | - Pavel Chizhov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.C.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexander Ushakov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.C.)
| | - Pavel Ratnikov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.C.)
| | - Yuri Goncharov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.C.)
| | - Artem Martyanov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.C.)
| | - Vitali Kononenko
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.C.)
| | - Sergey Savin
- Nanocenter MIREA, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Golovnin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Konov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.C.)
| | - Sergey Garnov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.C.)
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Chizhov PA, Komlenok MS, Kononenko VV, Bukin VV, Ushakov AA, Bulgakova VV, Khomich AA, Bolshakov AP, Konov VI, Garnov SV. Photoconductive terahertz generation in nitrogen-doped single-crystal diamond. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:86-89. [PMID: 34951887 DOI: 10.1364/ol.446750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The generation of terahertz radiation in a photoconductive emitter based on nitrogen-doped single-crystal diamond was realized for the first time. Under 400 nm femtosecond laser pumping, the performance of diamond antennas with different dopant levels was investigated and compared with a reference ZnSe antenna. Terahertz waveforms and corresponding spectra were measured. A low saturation level for high-nitrogen-containing diamond substrate was revealed. The results indicate the prospects of doped diamond as a material for high-efficiency large-aperture photoconductive antennas.
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Efficiency of Photoconductive Terahertz Generation in Nitrogen-Doped Diamonds. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of the generation of terahertz radiation from nitrogen-doped (∼0.1–100 ppm) diamonds was investigated. The synthetic polycrystalline and monocrystalline diamond substrates were pumped by a 400 nm femtosecond laser and tested for the photoconductive emitter operation. The dependency of the emitted THz power on the intensity of the optical excitation was measured. The nitrogen concentrations of the diamonds involved were measured from the optical absorbance, which was found to crucially depend on the synthesis technique. The observed correlation between the doping level and the level of the performance of diamond-based antennas demonstrates the prospects of doped diamond as a material for highly efficient large-aperture photoconductive antennas.
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Isgandarov E, Ropagnol X, Singh M, Ozaki T. Intense terahertz generation from photoconductive antennas. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2021; 14:64-93. [PMID: 36637784 PMCID: PMC9743868 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the past and recent works on generating intense terahertz (THz) pulses from photoconductive antennas (PCAs). We will focus on two types of large-aperture photoconductive antenna (LAPCA) that can generate high-intensity THz pulses (a) those with large-aperture dipoles and (b) those with interdigitated electrodes. We will first describe the principles of THz generation from PCAs. The critical parameters for improving the peak intensity of THz radiation from LAPCAs are summarized. We will then describe the saturation and limitation process of LAPCAs along with the advantages and disadvantages of working with wide-bandgap semiconductor substrates. Then, we will explain the evolution of LAPCA with interdigitated electrodes, which allows one to reduce the photoconductive gap size, and thus obtain higher bias fields while applying lower voltages. We will also describe recent achievements in intense THz pulses generated by interdigitated LAPCAs based on wide-bandgap semiconductors driven by amplified lasers. Finally, we will discuss the future perspectives of THz pulse generation using LAPCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elchin Isgandarov
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Xavier Ropagnol
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
- Département de Génie Électrique, École de Technologie Supérieure (ETS), Montréal, Québec, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Mangaljit Singh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Tsuneyuki Ozaki
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada.
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Ropagnol X, Khorasaninejad M, Raeiszadeh M, Safavi-Naeini S, Bouvier M, Côté CY, Laramée A, Reid M, Gauthier MA, Ozaki T. Intense THz Pulses with large ponderomotive potential generated from large aperture photoconductive antennas. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:11299-11311. [PMID: 27410061 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.011299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of free space terahertz (THz) pulses with energy up to 8.3 ± 0.2 µJ from an encapsulated interdigitated ZnSe Large Aperture Photo-Conductive Antenna (LAPCA). An aperture of 12.2 cm2 is illuminated using a 400 nm pump laser with multi-mJ energies at 10 Hz repetition rate. The calculated THz peak electric field is 331 ± 4 kV/cm with a spectrum characterized by a median frequency of 0.28 THz. Given its relatively low frequency, this THz field will accelerate charged particles efficiently having very large ponderomotive energy of 15 ± 1 eV for electrons in vacuum. The scaling of the emission is studied with respect to the dimensions of the antenna, and it is observed that the capacitance of the LAPCA leads to a severe decrease in and distortion of the biasing voltage pulse, fundamentally limiting the maximum applied bias field and consequently the maximum energy of the radiated THz pulses. In order to demonstrate the advantages of this source in the strong field regime, an open-aperture Z-scan experiment was performed on n-doped InGaAs, which showed significant absorption bleaching.
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Wong LJ, Fallahi A, Kärtner FX. Compact electron acceleration and bunch compression in THz waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:9792-9806. [PMID: 23609686 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.009792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigate the acceleration and bunch compression capabilities of 20 mJ, 0.6 THz-centered coherent terahertz pulses in optimized metallic dielectric-loaded cylindrical waveguides. In particular, we theoretically demonstrate the acceleration of 1.6 pC and 16 pC electron bunches from 1 MeV to 10 MeV over an interaction distance of 20mm, the compression of a 1.6 pC 1 MeV bunch from 100 fs to 2 fs (50 times compression) over an interaction distance of about 18mm, and the compression of a 1.6 pC 10 MeV bunch from 100 fs to 1.61 fs (62 times) over an interaction distance of 42 cm. The obtained results show the promise of coherent THz pulses in realizing compact electron acceleration and bunch compression schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jie Wong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation occupies part of the electromagnetic spectrum between the infrared and microwave bands. Until recently, technology at THz frequencies was under-developed compared to the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum, leaving a gap between millimeter waves and the far-infrared (FIR). In the past decade, interest in the THz gap has been increased by the development of ultrafast laser-based T-ray systems and their demonstration of diffraction-limited spatial resolution, picosecond temporal resolution, DC-THz spectral bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratios above 104. This chapter reviews the development, the state of the art and the applications of T-ray spectrometers. Continuous-wave (CW) THz-frequency sources and detectors are briefly introduced in comparison to ultrafast pulsed THz systems. An emphasis is placed on experimental applications of T-rays to sensing and imaging, with a view to the continuing advance of technologies and applications in the THz band.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Mickan
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics & Astronomy, and Department of Electrical, Computer & System Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY 12180, USA
| | - X.-C. Zhang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics & Astronomy, and Department of Electrical, Computer & System Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY 12180, USA
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Park SG, Jin KH, Yi M, Ye JC, Ahn J, Jeong KH. Enhancement of terahertz pulse emission by optical nanoantenna. ACS NANO 2012; 6:2026-2031. [PMID: 22339093 DOI: 10.1021/nn204542x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bridging the gap between ultrashort pulsed optical waves and terahertz (THz) waves, the THz photoconductive antenna (PCA) is a major constituent for the emission or detection of THz waves by diverse optical and electrical methods. However, THz PCA still lacks employment of advanced breakthrough technologies for high-power THz emission. Here, we report the enhancement of THz emission power by incorporating optical nanoantennas with a THz photoconductive antenna. The confinement and concentration of an optical pump beam on a photoconductive substrate can be efficiently achieved with optical nanoantennas over a high-index photoconductive substrate. Both numerical and experimental results clearly demonstrate the enhancement of THz wave emission due to high photocarrier generation at the plasmon resonance of nanoantennas. This work opens up many opportunities for diverse integrated photonic elements on a single PCA at THz and optical frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Gil Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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