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Puerto D, Gallego S, Francés J, Márquez A, Pascual I, Beléndez A. Phase-Shift Optimization in AA/PVA Photopolymers by High-Frequency Pulsed Laser. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091887. [PMID: 32825693 PMCID: PMC7565850 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photopolymers can be used to fabricate different holographic optical elements, although maximization of the phase-shift in photopolymers has been a challenge for the last few decades. Different material compositions and irradiation conditions have been studied in order to achieve it. One of the main conclusions has been that with continuous laser exposure better results are achieved. However, our results show for the first time that higher phase-shift can be achieved using a pulsed laser. The study has been conducted with crosslinked acrylamide-based photopolymers exposed with a pulsed laser (532 nm). The increment of the phase-shift between the pulsed laser and continuous laser exposure is 17%, achieving a maximum phase-shift of 3π radians and a refractive index shift of 0.0084 at the zero spatial frequency limit, where monomer diffusion does not take place. This allows this photopolymer to be used in large-scale manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Puerto
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain; (S.G.); (J.F.); (A.M.); (A.B.)
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergi Gallego
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain; (S.G.); (J.F.); (A.M.); (A.B.)
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Jorge Francés
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain; (S.G.); (J.F.); (A.M.); (A.B.)
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Andrés Márquez
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain; (S.G.); (J.F.); (A.M.); (A.B.)
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Inmaculada Pascual
- Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain;
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Augusto Beléndez
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain; (S.G.); (J.F.); (A.M.); (A.B.)
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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Jisha CP, Kishore VC, John BM, Kuriakose VC, Porsezian K, Kartha CS. Self-written waveguide in methylene blue sensitized poly(vinyl alcohol)/acrylamide photopolymer material. APPLIED OPTICS 2008; 47:6502-6507. [PMID: 19079456 DOI: 10.1364/ao.47.006502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a self-written waveguide inside a bulk methylene blue sensitized poly/vinyl alcohol)/acrylamide photopolymer material. Light from a low power He-Ne laser is focused into the material, and the evolution of the beam is monitored. The refractive index of the material is modulated in the region of high intensity due to photobleaching and photopolymerization effects occurring in the material. As a result, the beam propagates through the medium without any diffraction effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Jisha
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, India.
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Kim D, Nam S, Lim J. Diffraction efficiency change in PVA/AA photopolymer films by photosensitive inorganic compound addition. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-008-0144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Barachevskii VA. Photopolymerizable recording media for three-dimensional holographic optical memory. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143906030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kou H, Shi W, Tang L, Ming H. Recording performance of holographic diffraction gratings in dry films containing hyperbranched polyisophthalesters as polymeric binders. APPLIED OPTICS 2003; 42:3944-3949. [PMID: 12868834 DOI: 10.1364/ao.42.003944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
By use of a photopolymerization-diffusion model, the diffraction efficiency of photopolymerizable recording dry films prepared from hyperbranched polyisophthalesters as polymeric binders was investigated. The recording characteristics of these films, i.e., spatial frequency, polymeric binder structure, exposure intensity, and modulation depth, are discussed in detail. For a given total exposure dose the diffraction efficiency first increases and then decreases with increasing exposure intensity, and this effect becomes more remarkable as the unsaturated concentration of polymeric binder increases. An optimum total exposure dose of 36 mJ cm(-2) and an exposure intensity of 0.4 mW cm(-2) were determined. A modulation depth of 1 was found to produce the highest diffraction efficiency. Longer-lasting gratings could be obtained by use of polymeric binders with higher cross-linking densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiguang Kou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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