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Sobczak M, Owczarek M, Woźniak WA, Kurzynowski P. In vivo measurements of corneal birefringence properties using the one-way reflective Mueller polarimetry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:15356-15365. [PMID: 33985236 DOI: 10.1364/oe.421067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the results of in vivo measurements of human corneal birefringence properties using the one-way reflective polariscope, in which the same module is used to generate and analyze the light polarization state. Data analysis was performed with the use of Mueller polarimetry techniques. The distribution of the azimuth angle and the phase retardation was determined on the paracentral and limbal areas. The results indicate growth of the phase retardation magnitude and the radial orientation of the azimuth angle in the cornea's peripheral region, which confirms our assumptions and the results presented by other researchers.
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Sobczak M, Kurzynowski P, Woźniak WA, Owczarek M, Drobczyński S. Polarimeter for measuring the properties of birefringent media in reflective mode. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:249-257. [PMID: 32118955 DOI: 10.1364/oe.380998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a description of a polarimetric system for measuring the properties of birefringent media. In our reflection system the applied Stokes polarimeter acts both as a generator of the light's selected polarization states as well as a light analyzer leaving the examined medium. The method is based on six intensity distribution measurements realized in six different configurations of polarizers/analyzers: four linear and two circular ones. Thus, we have achieved parallel polariscope for linear polarizers and the crossed polariscope for circular polarizers. Such a setup can be easily applied for linearly birefringent media properties measurements including dichroic ones. This measurement setup and the measurement method were successfully tested in a homogeneous medium and a medium with variable phase difference.
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Xiao S, Li B, Cui H, Wang J. Sensitive measurement of stress birefringence of fused silica substrates with cavity ring-down technique. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:843-846. [PMID: 29444008 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A polarized cavity ring-down technique was employed to precisely measure the residual stress birefringence of fused silica substrates with greatly enhanced measurement sensitivity. Intracavity birefringence resulted in beating of two orthogonally resonant modes in a Fabry-Perot cavity. The beating frequency of the ring-down decay was directly related to phase retardation induced by stress birefringence of optical components inside the cavity. For fused silica substrates, measurement reproducibilities of phase retardation of 2.38×10-6 rad and of optical path difference of 2.4×10-4 nm were experimentally achieved. In addition, spatially resolved mapping of stress birefringence of a fused silica substrate was obtained, which was in good agreement with that measured with a commercial stress birefringence measurement instrument. The experimental results demonstrated that cavity ring-down is a sensitive technique for stress birefringence measurements of optical components.
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Yang TD, Park K, Kang YG, Lee KJ, Kim BM, Choi Y. Single-shot digital holographic microscopy for quantifying a spatially-resolved Jones matrix of biological specimens. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:29302-29311. [PMID: 27958590 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.029302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Field-based polarization measurements are essential for the completeness of information when exploiting the complex nature of optical responses of target objects. Here, we demonstrate digital holographic microscopy for quantifying a polarization-sensitive map of an object with a single-shot measurement. Using the image-splitting device generating four different copies of an object image and a separate reference beam of an off-axis configuration enables single-shot and multi-imaging capability. With the use of two polarization filters, four complex field images containing an object's polarization response are obtained simultaneously. With this method, we can construct a complete set of 2-by-2 Jones matrix at every single point of the object's images, and thus clearly visualize the anisotropic structures of biological tissues with low level of birefringence. This method will facilitate the high-precision measurements for fast dynamics of the polarization properties of biological specimens.
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Lencioni KA, Macedo AP, Silveira Rodrigues RC, Ribeiro RF, Almeida RP. Photoelastic comparison of as-cast and laser-welded implant frameworks. J Prosthet Dent 2015; 114:652-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Haigh JA, Kinebas Y, Ramsay AJ. Inverse conoscopy: a method to measure polarization using patterns generated by a single birefringent crystal. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:184-8. [PMID: 24514047 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A method to measure the full polarization vector of a laser beam is proposed and demonstrated. Light is focused onto a birefringent crystal cut such that the slow axis is aligned with the optical axis. The polarization vector of each ray experiences a rotation about the radial axis with a retardation phase dependent on the angle of incidence. Illumination over a wide range of angles applies a range of polarization transforms in parallel that generates a distinct pattern detected by a camera. The input polarization is then inferred from the pattern. The setup uses a single birefringent crystal and involves no moving parts.
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Aguiar Júnior FAD, Tiossi R, Macedo AP, Mattos MDGCD, Ribeiro RF, Rodrigues RCS. Importance of a distal proximal contact on load transfer by implant-supported single adjacent crowns in posterior region of the mandible: a photoelastic study. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:397-402. [PMID: 24212984 PMCID: PMC3881849 DOI: 10.1590/1679-775720130049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the importance of a distal proximal contact on the
load transfer to the posterior region of the mandible by non-splinted adjacent
implant-supported crowns using photoelastic stress analysis. Material and Methods A rectangular model (68x30x15 mm) was made of polymethylmethacrylate resin to
simulate half of the mandibular arch. One model was completed with resin replicas
representing the first premolar and second molar and with two 3.75 mm dia.x11 mm
internal hexagon threaded implants replacing the second premolar and first molar.
The other model was manufactured in the same way but without the second molar.
Both models were duplicated using photoelastic resin. The roots of the teeth
replicas were covered with a layer of polyether impression material to simulate
the periodontal ligament. Two different vertical loads were applied to the crowns
as follows: 1 - single static point load alternately applied to the crowns
replacing the second premolar and first molar (50 N); 2 - simultaneous static
point loads applied to both of the crowns replacing the second premolar and first
molar (100 N). The resulting isochromatic fringe pattern in the photoelastic model
was monitored and photographed. Results All loading conditions studied showed that the presence of the second molar has
changed the load transmission and the pattern of stresses. Conclusion Results showed that the presence of a second molar proximal contact can help
minimize the stresses around the implants.
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Photoelastic Analysis of Stresses Transmitted by Universal Cast to Long Abutment on Implant-Supported Single Restorations Under Static Occlusal Loads. J Craniofac Surg 2012; 23:2019-23. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3182597c09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Zeng A, Li F, Zhu L, Huang H. Simultaneous measurement of retardance and fast axis angle of a quarter-wave plate using one photoelastic modulator. APPLIED OPTICS 2011; 50:4347-4352. [PMID: 21833110 DOI: 10.1364/ao.50.004347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A method for simultaneous measurement of the retardance and the fast axis angle of quarter-wave plate using one photoelastic modulator is presented. A laser beam passes through a polarizer, a photoelastic modulator, the quarter-wave plate to be measured, and an analyzer to be detected. Before and after the quarter-wave plate is rotated 45° at any initial fast axis direction, two detection signals are obtained to resolve simultaneously the retardance and the fast axis angle. In experiments, a quarter-wave plate was measured with fast axis angles from -89° to 90°. The average and the standard deviation of the retardances at different fast axis directions are respectively 89.50° and 0.17°. The maximum measurement deviation of the fast axis angle is 0.5°. The usefulness of the method is verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Woźniak WA, Kurzynowski P, Drobczyński S. Adjustment method of an imaging Stokes polarimeter based on liquid crystal variable retarders. APPLIED OPTICS 2011; 50:203-212. [PMID: 21221145 DOI: 10.1364/ao.50.000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The description of adjustment of an imaging Stokes polarimeter constructed and tested in our laboratory is presented. Our polarimeter's operation is based on six fast intensity distribution measurements realized in six different configurations of linear and circular analyzers. Using liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs) makes this construction compact and mechanically simple. However, new problems arise with proper azimuthal alignment as well as with proper LCVR voltage adjustment. Three basic steps of the adjustment procedure adapted to the specific construction of our polarimeter are described in detail. Some remarks concerning the critical parameters of the used CCD camera's parameters are also presented, as well as experimental verifications of the setup's accuracy acquired due to the proper adjustment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Władysław A Woźniak
- Institute of Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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Zhang Y, Song F, Li H, Yang X. Precise measurement of optical phase retardation of a wave plate using modulated-polarized light. APPLIED OPTICS 2010; 49:5837-5843. [PMID: 20962948 DOI: 10.1364/ao.49.005837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new method for precisely measuring the optical phase retardation of a wave plate using modulated-polarized light. Modulated-polarized light is used such that the zeros of the system can be accurately determined. A Babinet-Soleil compensator is employed to measure the optical phase retardation. A cross-wavelength measurement is also proposed for determining the phase retardation at a wavelength, which is not the measuring wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Electronic Engineering School, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.
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Hutsel MR, Ingle R, Gaylord TK. Accurate cross-sectional stress profiling of optical fibers. APPLIED OPTICS 2009; 48:4985-4995. [PMID: 19745862 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.004985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel technique for determining two-dimensional, cross-sectional stress distributions in optical fibers and fiber-based devices is presented. Use of the Brace-Köhler compensator technique and a polarization microscope for the measurement of retardation due to stress-induced birefringence is described, along with the tomographic reconstruction process for the determination of stress. Measurements are performed on Corning SMF-28 fiber in an unperturbed section, a section near a cleaved end-face, and a section exposed to CO2 laser radiation. Cross-sectional stress distributions are presented. Stress relaxation is quantified in the cleaved fiber and the fiber exposed to CO2 laser radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hutsel
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive, N.W., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250, USA.
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Yu TC, Shan H, Pham TTH, Lo YL. Full-field and full-range sequential measurement of the slow axis angle and phase retardation of linear birefringent materials. APPLIED OPTICS 2009; 48:4568-4576. [PMID: 19668271 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.004568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A method is proposed for obtaining full-range sequential measurements of the slow axis angle and phase retardation of linear birefringent materials (LBMs) using a full-field heterodyne interferometer with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and an image processing algorithm based on a three-frame integrating-bucket method. The dynamic ranges of the principal axis and phase retardation measurements extend from 0 degrees to 180 degrees and from 0 degrees to 360 degrees , respectively. The proposed method not only enables full-range measurements of the slow axis angle to be obtained, but also allows a decision to be made as to whether the principal axis labeled by the manufacturer is the slow axis or the fast axis. The standard deviations of the slow axis angle and phase retardation measurements are found to be 0.14 degrees and 0.27 degrees, respectively. In addition, it is shown that the noises induced by environmental disturbances are reduced by elimination of the dc component of the output light intensity in the image processing algorithm. We also investigate the sensitivity of the measured error caused by the orientation of LBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chih Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Kurzynowski P, Drobczynski S, Woźniak WA. Dynamic polarization states and birefringence distributions measurements in spatial elliptical polariscope using Fourier analysis method. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:10144-10154. [PMID: 19506668 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new method to measure the light polarization state and the birefringent media parameters is proposed. We have used the setup described previously, consisting of two pairs of the linear Wollaston and circular compensators which form a set of two spatially modulated elliptical compensators. We have modified this setup introducing some carrier frequencies in all compensators and assuming that the second linear one would introduce the frequency which is a multiplicity of the basis frequency of the first linear compensator. Both of these modifications allow calculating all polarization parameters of polarized light or birefringent medium from only one measured intensity distribution of the light outcoming the described setup. They allow measuring not only the parameters of homogeneous beams/mediums but also x,y-distributions of all desired parameters, like azimuth and ellipticity angles of the light or first medium eigenvector and the phase difference introduced by this medium. The proposed calculation method comprises of Fourier analysis of obtained intensity distribution with some manipulation of coordinate system and filtration of obtained data. This method is claimed to be simple and fast enough to be treated as a real-time method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kurzynowski
- Institute of Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Woźniak WA, Banach M. Measurements of elliptically birefringent media parameters in optical vortex birefringence compensator. APPLIED OPTICS 2008; 47:3390-3396. [PMID: 18566638 DOI: 10.1364/ao.47.003390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new application of the optical vortex birefringence compensator has been presented. Two parameters of elliptically birefringent medium, an ellipticity angle and an optical path difference, can be measured simultaneously in the setup based on the C polarization type singularities generated using two Wollaston compensators. The theory and numerical investigations of the proposed method have been presented as well as some experiments verifying our theoretical predictions.
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Aldrovani M, Guaraldo A, Vidal B. Optical anisotropies in corneal stroma collagen fibers from diabetic spontaneous mice. Vision Res 2007; 47:3229-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 01/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Borwińska M, Popiołek-Masajada A, Kurzynowski P. Measurements of birefringent media properties using optical vortex birefringence compensator. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:6419-26. [PMID: 17805382 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.006419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present some applications of the optical vortex birefringence compensator, based on the C polarization type singularities generated using two Wollaston compensators. The theory and experimental results of birefringent media properties measurements are presented. The possibility of the simultaneous measurement of both the azimuth angle and the phase retardance has been analyzed and experimentally verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Borwińska
- Institute of Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland.
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da Silva DDFT, Vidal BDC, Zezell DM, Zorn TMT, Núñez SC, Ribeiro MS. Collagen birefringence in skin repair in response to red polarized-laser therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:024002. [PMID: 16674192 DOI: 10.1117/1.2187418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We use the optical path difference (OPD) technique to quantify the organization of collagen fibers during skin repair of full-thickness burns following low-intensity polarized laser therapy with two different polarization incidence vectors. Three burns are cryogenerated on the back of rats. Lesion L(parallel) is irradiated using the electric field vector of the polarized laser radiation aligned in parallel with the rat's occipital-caudal direction. Lesion L(perpendicular) is irradiated using the electric field vector of the polarized laser radiation aligned perpendicularly to the aforementioned orientation. Lesion C is untreated. A healthy area labeled H is also evaluated. The tissue samples are collected and processed for polarized light microscopy. The overall finding is that the OPD for collagen fibers depends on the electric field vector of the incident polarized laser radiation. No significant differences in OPDs are observed between L(parallel) and H in the center, sides, and edges of the lesion. Lesions irradiated using the electric field vector of the polarized laser radiation aligned in parallel with the rat's occipital-caudal direction show higher birefringence, indicating that collagen bundles in these lesions are more organized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva
- IPEN-CNEN/SP , Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares-Comissão, Nacional de Energia Nuclear/SP, Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Montarou CC, Gaylord TK, Bachim BL, Dachevski AI, Agarwal A. Two-wave-plate compensator method for full-field retardation measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 2006; 45:271-80. [PMID: 16422157 DOI: 10.1364/ao.45.000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The two-wave-plate compensator (TWC) method is expanded for full-field retardation measurements by use of a polarization microscope. The sample image is projected onto a CCD camera connected to a computer, allowing the retardation to be measured at all pixels. The retardation accuracy of this implementation of the TWC is evaluated to be 0.06 nm. The method is applied to polarization-maintaining fibers and long-period fiber gratings. The measured retardation is in good agreement with the crossed-polarizer images of the fibers. The method achieves a spatial resolution of 0.45 microm and a retardation resolution of 0.07 nm. The full-field TWC method can thus be a useful tool for characterizing and monitoring the fabrication of optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole C Montarou
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250, USA
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