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Malekara A, Ghobadi C, Nourinia J. Polarization-insensitive graphene-based band-notched frequency selective absorber at terahertz. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:4118-4124. [PMID: 38856505 DOI: 10.1364/ao.518847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces a new polarization-insensitive graphene-based frequency selective absorber (FSA) with a reflective notch designed for terahertz applications. The proposed structure features two absorption bands on either side of a central reflection band. The design composes a lossy frequency selective surface (FSS), a bandstop FSS with a metal backing, and an air spacer between. A wideband absorber structure is developed in the first step, leveraging graphene as an absorbent material in the lossy layer to achieve wideband absorptive characteristics. Subsequently, a reflection band is introduced by integrating a bandstop, lossless FSS layer into the absorber structure. The overall structure demonstrates two distinct absorption bands, characterized by absorptivity exceeding 80% within the frequency ranges of 0.30 to 0.57 and 0.67 to 0.90 THz. Simultaneously, a reflection notch is achieved at 0.60 THz. Extensive simulations assessed the performance of the designed FSA. The proposed structure exhibits stability under oblique incidence up to 40 deg and allows tunable absorption specifications by adjusting the chemical potential of graphene. It is noteworthy that the FSA reflector offers advantages such as eliminating the need for complicated, high-cost 3-D structures and welding of the lumped resistors.
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Hsun CH, Chen FC. Bidirectional planar absorber with polarization-selective absorption and transmission capabilities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:22928-22953. [PMID: 37475391 DOI: 10.1364/oe.493708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel planar bidirectional perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) with polarization-selective absorption and transmission capabilities. The proposed structure can bidirectionally absorb x-polarized incident waves almost perfectly while functioning as a transparent surface for y-polarized incident waves at the same frequency. We discussed the performance and properties of the proposed PMA through simulation results and a theoretical model. We also used the free-space method in experimental tests of a fabricated sample. The results indicated fair consistency between the simulated and measured results, thereby validating the quality of our PMA design.
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Mehmood MQ, Seong J, Naveed MA, Kim J, Zubair M, Riaz K, Massoud Y, Rho J. Single-Cell-Driven Tri-Channel Encryption Meta-Displays. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203962. [PMID: 36285678 PMCID: PMC9762282 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multi-functional metasurfaces have attracted great attention due to the significant possibilities to realize highly integrated and ultra-compact meta-devices. Merging nano-printing and holographic information multiplexing is one of the effective ways to achieve multi-functionality, and such a merger can increase the information encoding capacity. However, the current approaches rely on stacking layers and interleaving, where multiple resonators effectively combine different functionalities on the cost of efficiency, design complexity, and challenging fabrication. To address such challenges, a single meta-nanoresonator-based tri-functional metasurface is proposed by combining the geometric phase-based spin-decoupling and Malus's law intensity modulation. The proposed strategy effectively improves information capacity owing to the orientation degeneracy of spin-decoupling rather than layer stacking or super-cell designs. To validate the proposed strategy, a metasurface demonstrating two helicity-dependent holographic outputs is presented in far-field, whereas a continuous nano-printing image is in near-field. It is also employed on CMOS-compatible and cost-effective hydrogen amorphous silicon providing transparent responses for the whole visible band. As a result, the proposed metasurface has high transmission efficiency in the visible regime and verifies the design strategy without adding extra complexities to conventional nano-pillar geometry. Therefore, the proposed metasurface opens new avenues in multi-functional meta-devices design and has promising applications in anti-counterfeiting, optical storage and displays..
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- MicroNano LabElectrical Engineering DepartmentInformation Technology University (ITU) of the PunjabFerozepur RoadLahore54600Pakistan
| | - Junhwa Seong
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ashar Naveed
- MicroNano LabElectrical Engineering DepartmentInformation Technology University (ITU) of the PunjabFerozepur RoadLahore54600Pakistan
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- MicroNano LabElectrical Engineering DepartmentInformation Technology University (ITU) of the PunjabFerozepur RoadLahore54600Pakistan
| | - Kashif Riaz
- MicroNano LabElectrical Engineering DepartmentInformation Technology University (ITU) of the PunjabFerozepur RoadLahore54600Pakistan
| | - Yehia Massoud
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- POSCO‐POSTECH‐RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and MetaphotonicsPohang37673Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
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Bilal RMH, Saeed MA, Naveed MA, Zubair M, Mehmood MQ, Massoud Y. Nickel-Based High-Bandwidth Nanostructured Metamaterial Absorber for Visible and Infrared Spectrum. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3356. [PMID: 36234486 PMCID: PMC9565679 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The efficient control of optical light at the nanoscale level attracts marvelous applications, including thermal imaging, energy harvesting, thermal photovoltaics, etc. These applications demand a high-bandwidth, thermally robust, angularly stable, and miniaturized absorber, which is a key challenge to be addressed. So, in this study, the simple and cost-effective solution to attain a high-bandwidth nanostructured absorber is demonstrated. The designed nanoscale absorber is composed of a simple and plain circular ring of nickel metal, which possesses many interesting features, including a miniaturized geometry, easily fabricable design, large operational bandwidth, and polarization insensitivity, over the previously presented absorbers. The proposed nanoscale absorber manifests an average absorption of 93% over a broad optical window from 400 to 2800 nm. Moreover, the detailed analysis of the absorption characteristics is also performed by exciting the optical light's various incident and polarization angles. From the examined outcome, it is concluded that the nanostructured absorber maintains its average absorption of 80% at oblique incident angles in a broad wavelength range from 400 to 2800 nm. Owing to its appealing functionalities, such as the large bandwidth, simple geometry, low cost, polarization insensitivity, and thermal robustness of the constituting metal, nickel (Ni), this nano-absorber is made as an alternative for the applications of energy harvesting, thermal photovoltaics, and emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Muhammad Hasan Bilal
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Ashar Naveed
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yehia Massoud
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Mazare AG, Abdulkarim YI, Karim AS, Bakır M, Taouzari M, Muhammadsharif FF, Appasani B, Altıntaş O, Karaaslan M, Bizon N. Enhanced Sensing Capacity of Terahertz Triple-Band Metamaterials Absorber Based on Pythagorean Fractal Geometry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15186364. [PMID: 36143675 PMCID: PMC9504888 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A new design of a triple band perfect metamaterial absorber based on Pythagorean fractal geometry is proposed and analyzed for terahertz sensing applications. The proposed design showed an enhanced sensing performance and achieved three intensive peaks at 33.93, 36.27, and 38.39 THz, corresponding to the absorptivity of 98.5%, 99.3%, and 99.6%, respectively. Due to the symmetrical nature of the recommended design, the structure exhibited the characteristics of independency on the incident wave angles. Furthermore, a parametric study was performed to show the effects of the change in substrate type, resonator material, and substrate thickness on the absorption spectrum. At a fixed analyte thickness (0.5 μm), the resonance frequency of the design was found to be sensitive to the refractive index of the surrounding medium. The proposed design presented three ultra-sensitive responses of 1730, 1590, and 2050 GHz/RIU with the figure of merit (FoM) of 3.20, 1.54, and 4.28, respectively, when the refractive index was changed from 1.0 to 1.4. Additionally, the metamaterial sensor showed a sensitivity of 1230, 2270, and 1580 GHz/μm at the three resonance frequencies, respectively, when it was utilized for the detection of thickness variation at a fixed analyte refractive index (RI) of 1.4. As long as the RI of the biomedical samples is between 1.3 and 1.4, the proposed sensor can be used for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Gheorghita Mazare
- Faculty of Electronics, Communication and Computers, University of Pitesti, 110040 Pitesti, Romania
| | - Yadgar I. Abdulkarim
- Medical Physics Department, College of Medicals & Applied Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal 46023, Iraq
- Correspondence: (Y.I.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Ayoub Sabir Karim
- Physics Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44002, Iraq
| | - Mehmet Bakır
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bozok University, Yozgat 66200, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Taouzari
- Laboratory LISA, Hassan First University of Settat, National School of Applied Sciences, Berrechid 26100, Morocco
| | | | - Bhargav Appasani
- School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Olcay Altıntaş
- Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay 31200, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Karaaslan
- Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay 31200, Turkey
| | - Nicu Bizon
- Faculty of Electronics, Communication and Computers, University of Pitesti, 110040 Pitesti, Romania
- Doctoral School, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- ICSI Energy Department, National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania
- Correspondence: (Y.I.A.); (N.B.)
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Ultrawideband Cross-Polarization Converter Using Anisotropic Reflective Metasurface. ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Broadband metasurface-based devices are essential and indispensable in modern wireless communication systems. This paper presents an ultra−wideband and wide incident angle reflective cross−polarization converter metasurface. The unit cell of the proposed structure is a 45° rotated anisotropic meta−sheet developed by cutting the rhombus−shaped patch from the central part of the square patch. The unit cell’s top structure and ground blocking sheet are made of copper, whereas a dielectric substrate (FR−4) is used as an intermediate spacer between them. The unit cell thickness is minimal compared to the operating wavelength (1/14λ∘, where λ∘ is the wavelength of the starting frequency of 13 GHz of the operating band). The proposed structure efficiently converts linearly polarized waves into their orthogonal component, with a polarization conversion ratio of (PCR > 90%) over a broad frequency spectrum of 13 GHz to 26 GHz. The physical origin of polarization conversion is also depicted using surface current distribution plots. An ultra−wideband and highly efficient polarization conversion (above 90%) is achieved with the help of strong electromagnetic resonance coupling between the upper and lower layer of the metasurface. This kind of ultra−wideband polarization conversion metasurface can be employed in satellite communication, radar cross−section reduction, and navigation systems.
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Bilal RMH, Baqir MA, Hameed M, Naqvi SA, Ali MM. Triangular metallic ring-shaped broadband polarization-insensitive and wide-angle metamaterial absorber for visible regime. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:136-142. [PMID: 35200983 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.444523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The inherent bandwidth limitations make it quite challenging to achieve the wideband response of metamaterial absorbers. In this paper, a metamaterial absorber based on triangular metallic rings has been proposed to attain wideband absorption (>90%) in the wavelength span of 400-750 nm. The absorber is constituted of periodically placed unit cells, where each unit cell contains three concentric triangular chromium metal rings. The absorption of the design remains stable (above 70%) over a wide range of incidence obliquity (0°-60°) under transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. Further, the absorber shows polarization-insensitive behavior over different polarization states. The low-cost and thermally endurable chromium metal, wide absorption, and wide-angle stability make the proposed absorber a suitable candidate for applications like solar energy harvesting, solar detectors, solar thermal photovoltaics, and photonic devices.
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