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Lee J, Oh MK. Real-time ultrasensitive detection of ammonia gas using a compact CRDS spectrometer. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:1357-1363. [PMID: 36821239 DOI: 10.1364/ao.477575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Trace-level ammonia gas in air was analyzed using a fiber-based compact cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS). For the compact spectrometer, a 20 cm linear cavity with two high reflectivity (>99.999%) mirrors was employed. The laser frequency was locked to the cavity resonance by using frequency shifted (160 MHz) optical feedback. For N H 3 detection, a strong absorption band at 1513.98 nm with an absorption cross section of 3.3⋅10-21 c m/m o l e c u l e was used. As a result, a detection sensitivity of ∼0.1p p b (3-σ) was achieved for N H 3 within 10 s.
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Henderson B, Khodabakhsh A, Metsälä M, Ventrillard I, Schmidt FM, Romanini D, Ritchie GAD, te Lintel Hekkert S, Briot R, Risby T, Marczin N, Harren FJM, Cristescu SM. Laser spectroscopy for breath analysis: towards clinical implementation. APPLIED PHYSICS. B, LASERS AND OPTICS 2018; 124:161. [PMID: 30956412 PMCID: PMC6428385 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-018-7030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Detection and analysis of volatile compounds in exhaled breath represents an attractive tool for monitoring the metabolic status of a patient and disease diagnosis, since it is non-invasive and fast. Numerous studies have already demonstrated the benefit of breath analysis in clinical settings/applications and encouraged multidisciplinary research to reveal new insights regarding the origins, pathways, and pathophysiological roles of breath components. Many breath analysis methods are currently available to help explore these directions, ranging from mass spectrometry to laser-based spectroscopy and sensor arrays. This review presents an update of the current status of optical methods, using near and mid-infrared sources, for clinical breath gas analysis over the last decade and describes recent technological developments and their applications. The review includes: tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, integrated cavity output spectroscopy, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, photoacoustic spectroscopy, quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy, and optical frequency comb spectroscopy. A SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) is presented that describes the laser-based techniques within the clinical framework of breath research and their appealing features for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Henderson
- Trace Gas Research Group, Molecular and Laser Physics, IMM, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Khodabakhsh
- Trace Gas Research Group, Molecular and Laser Physics, IMM, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Metsälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Florian M. Schmidt
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniele Romanini
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Grant A. D. Ritchie
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | | | - Raphaël Briot
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Emergency Department and Mobile Intensive Care Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Terence Risby
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Nandor Marczin
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frans J. M. Harren
- Trace Gas Research Group, Molecular and Laser Physics, IMM, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simona M. Cristescu
- Trace Gas Research Group, Molecular and Laser Physics, IMM, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Morris CD, Chung I, Park S, Harrison CM, Clark DJ, Jang JI, Kanatzidis MG. Molecular Germanium Selenophosphate Salts: Phase-Change Properties and Strong Second Harmonic Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20733-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ja309386e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Collin D. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - In Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sungoh Park
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York (SUNY) at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Connor M. Harrison
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York (SUNY) at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Daniel J. Clark
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York (SUNY) at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Joon I. Jang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York (SUNY) at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Hannemann M, Antufjew A, Borgmann K, Hempel F, Ittermann T, Welzel S, Weltmann KD, Völzke H, Röpcke J. Influence of age and sex in exhaled breath samples investigated by means of infrared laser absorption spectroscopy. J Breath Res 2011; 5:027101. [PMID: 21460420 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/5/2/027101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Breath gas analysis provides insight into human metabolism of healthy and ill individuals. As an innovative and non-invasive method, it opens up options to improve diagnostics, monitoring and treatment decisions. Mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy is utilized to detect CH(4), H(2)O, CO(2), NH(3) and CH(3)OH in exhaled human breath. An off-line approach using breath sampling by means of Tedlar bags is applied. The breath gas samples are measured within the population-based epidemiological Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND) performed at the University of Greifswald. The study covers about 5000 adult subjects aged 20-79 years within 3 years. Besides breath gas analysis many other examinations are conducted. It is expected to find associations between distinct concentration levels of species in the exhaled breath and diseases assessed in this study. The study will establish reference values for exhaled breath components and serve as background population for case-control studies. In the long run, morbidity and mortality follow-ups will be conducted, which will answer the question whether end-expiratory breath gas components predict future diseases and death. As first results, we present data from 45 dialysis patients (23 males, 22 females) which were recruited in a preliminary study in preparation for SHIP-TREND.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hannemann
- INP Greifswald--Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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Rairigh DJ, Warnell GA, Zellers ET, Mason AJ. CMOS Baseline Tracking and Cancellation Instrumentation for Nanoparticle-Coated Chemiresistors. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2009; 3:267-276. [PMID: 23853265 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2009.2023511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemiresistor (CR) sensors and sensor arrays coated with thiolate-monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle (MPN) interfaces show great promise as detectors in gas-chromatographic microsystems with applications in biomedical and environmental analysis including breath biomarkers of disease. This paper describes a new readout circuit that overcomes the wide range of baseline resistances and drift in baseline values inherent to MPN-coated CRs to achieve a 57 ppm readout resolution. The 0.5-mum CMOS circuit operates at 5 V and provides a response resolution of 74 muV. It can cancel baseline voltages from 0.3 to 4.3 V with an accuracy of 4.2 mV and can track and compensate for drifts up to 30 mV/min. Performance was verified with MPN-coated CRs, where drift was measured and effectively cancelled. The circuit topology and size support an on-chip MPN-coated CR sensor array.
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Parameswaran KR, Rosen DI, Allen MG, Ganz AM, Risby TH. Off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy with a mid-infrared interband cascade laser for real-time breath ethane measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 2009; 48:B73-B79. [PMID: 19183584 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.000b73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cavity-enhanced tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is an attractive method for measuring small concentrations of gaseous species. Ethane is a breath biomarker of lipid peroxidation initiated by reactive oxygen species. A noninvasive means of quickly quantifying oxidative stress status has the potential for broad clinical application. We present a simple, compact system using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy with an interband cascade laser and demonstrate its use in real-time measurements of breath ethane. We demonstrate a detection sensitivity of 0.48 ppb/Hz(1/2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan R Parameswaran
- Physical Sciences Incorporated, 20 New England Business Center, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, USA.
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Ross BM. Sub-parts per billion detection of trace volatile chemicals in human breath using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. BMC Res Notes 2008; 1:41. [PMID: 18710494 PMCID: PMC2536665 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-1-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) allows the real time quantification of trace gases in air. Due to its tolerance of high humidity levels the technique is particularly suited to the chemical analysis of breath. The detection limit of SIFT-MS has previously reported to be approximately 5 – 10 PPBV which is insufficient for the measurement of some low abundance constituents of breath. Recent developments in the design of SIFT-MS instruments have increased the ion precursor count rates. It is, however, unclear as to how these advances will affect instrument sensitivity for breath analysis. Findings Standard gases were prepared by adding known quantities of compounds present at zero or very low levels in breath (xylene and toluene) to either humidified bottled air or actual human breath. These were then analysed by SIFT-MS to calculate the limits of detection for each compound under conditions which mimic a single breath exhalation. For xylene and toluene the limits of detection was approximately 0.5 PPBV per 10 seconds of analysis time. Results gained using this level of sensitivity suggested the presence of low levels of the compounds indole and methylindole in human alveolar and static oral air, although further studies are necessary to confirm these findings. Conclusion Recent advances in SIFT-MS have increased the techniques sensitivity for breath analysis into the sub PPBV range enabling the real time quantification of low level trace gases in human breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Ross
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, and the Public Health Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
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Oh MK, Lee YH, Choi SC, Ko DK, Lee JM. Detection of Methane and Ethane by Continuous-Wave Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Near 1.67 μm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3807/josk.2008.12.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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McCurdy MR, Bakhirkin Y, Wysocki G, Lewicki R, Tittel FK. Recent advances of laser-spectroscopy-based techniques for applications in breath analysis. J Breath Res 2007; 1:014001. [PMID: 21383427 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/1/1/014001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Roller CB, Holland BP, McMillen G, Step DL, Krehbiel CR, Namjou K, McCann PJ. Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide in beef cattle using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:1333-42. [PMID: 17318254 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.001333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in the expired breath of crossbred calves received at a research facility was performed using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. Exhaled NO (eNO) concentrations were measured using NO absorption lines at 1912.07 cm(-1) and employing background subtraction. The lower detection limit and measurement precision were determined to be approximately 330 parts in 10(12) per unit volume. A custom breath collection system was designed to collect lower airway breath of spontaneously breathing calves while in a restraint chute. Breath was collected and analyzed from calves upon arrival and periodically during a 42 day receiving period. There was a statistically significant relationship between eNO, severity of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in terms of number of times treated, and average daily weight gain over the first 15 days postarrival. In addition, breathing patterns and exhaled CO2 showed a statistically significant relationship with BRD morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Roller
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA.
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Namjou K, Roller C, McCann P. The Breathmeter - A new laser device to analyze your health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1109/mcd.2006.272997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Skeldon KD, McMillan LC, Wyse CA, Monk SD, Gibson G, Patterson C, France T, Longbottom C, Padgett MJ. Application of laser spectroscopy for measurement of exhaled ethane in patients with lung cancer. Respir Med 2005; 100:300-6. [PMID: 16002272 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 05/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in ethane (C(2)H(6)) in exhaled breath as a non-invasive marker of oxidative stress (OS) and thereby a potential indicator of disease. However, the lack of real-time measurement techniques has limited progress in the field. Here we report on a novel Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer (TDLS) applied to the analysis of exhaled ethane in patients with lung cancer. The patient group (n=52) comprised randomly selected patients presenting at a respiratory clinic. Of these, a sub-group (n=12) was subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer. An age-matched group (n=12) corresponding to the lung cancer group was taken from a larger control group of healthy adults (n=58). The concentration of ethane in a single exhaled breath sample collected from all subjects was later measured using the TDLS. This technique is capable of real-time analysis of samples with accuracy 0.1 parts per billion (ppb), over 10 times less than typical ambient levels in the northern hemisphere. After correcting for ambient background, ethane in the control group (26% smokers) ranged from 0 to 10.54 ppb (median of 1.9 ppb) while ethane in the lung cancer patients (42% smokers) ranged from 0 to 7.6 ppb (median of 0.7 ppb). Ethane among the non-lung cancer patients presenting for investigation of respiratory disease ranged from 0 to 25 ppb (median 1.45 ppb). We conclude that, while the TDLS proved effective for accurate and rapid sample analysis, there was no significant difference in exhaled ethane among any of the subject groups. Comments are made on the suitability of the technique for monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Skeldon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kelvin Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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