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Zhang L, Wang H, Li Y, Gao S, Zhu M, Wei H, Pang F, Wang T. Towards high-sensitivity and high-accuracy forward Brillouin scattering-based optomechanical temperature sensing in thin-diameter fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:586-598. [PMID: 38175084 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We numerically and experimentally demonstrated a high-sensitivity and high-accuracy temperature sensor based on guided acoustic radial modes of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS)-based optomechanics in thin-diameter fibers (TDF). The dependence of the FSBS-involved electrostrictive force on the fiber diameter is systematically investigated. As the diameters of the fiber core and cladding decrease, the intrinsic frequency of each activated acoustic mode and corresponding FSBS gain are expected to be accordingly increased, which benefits the significant enhancement of its temperature sensitivity as well as the optimization of the measurement accuracy. In validations, by utilizing TDFs with fiber diameters of 80 µm and 60 µm, the proof-of-concept experiments proved that sensitivities of the TDF-based FSBS temperature sensor with radial modes from R0,4 to R0,15 increased from 35.23 kHz/°C to 130.38 kHz/°C with an interval of 8.74 kHz/°C. The minimum measurement error (i.e., 0.15 °C) of the temperature sensor with the 60 µm-TDF is 2.5 times lower than that of the 125 µm-SSMF (i.e., 0.39 °C). The experimental and simulated results are consistent with theoretical predictions. It is believed that the proposed approach with high sensitivity and accuracy could find potential in a wide range of applications such as environmental monitoring, chemical engineering, and cancer detection in human beings.
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Ma S, Pang Y, Ji Q, Zhao X, Li Y, Qin Z, Liu Z, Xu Y. High-Temperature Sensing Based on GAWBS In Silica Single-Mode Fiber. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1277. [PMID: 36772317 PMCID: PMC9920898 DOI: 10.3390/s23031277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High temperature detection is a constant challenge for condition monitoring under harsh environments in optical fiber sensors research. In this study, the temperature response characteristics of guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS) spectra in silica single-mode fiber (SMF) up to 800 °C are experimentally investigated, demonstrating the feasibility of the method for high-temperature monitoring. With increasing temperature, the resonance frequency of GAWBS spectra increases in a nearly linear manner, with linearly fitted temperature-dependent frequency shift coefficients of 8.19 kHz/°C for TR2,7 mode and 16.74 kHz/°C for R0,4 mode. More importantly, the linewidth of the GAWBS spectra is observed to narrow down with increasing temperature with a linearly fitted rate of -6.91 × 10-4/°C for TR2,7 modes and -8.56 × 10-4/°C for R0,4 modes. The signal-to-noise ratio of the GAWBS spectra induced by both modes increase by more than 3 dB when the temperature rises from 22 °C to 800 °C, which indicates that the proposed sensing scheme has better performance in high-temperature environments, and are particularly suitable for sensing applications in extreme environments. This study confirms the potential of high-temperature sensing using only GAWBS in silica fibers without any complex micromachining process, which has the advantages of strong mechanical strength, simple structure, easy operation, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonian Ma
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Laser and Infrared System of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuxi Pang
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Laser and Infrared System of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qiang Ji
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Laser and Infrared System of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Laser and Infrared System of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Laser and Infrared System of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zengguang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Laser and Infrared System of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laser and Infrared System of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Laser and Infrared System of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Abstract
Brillouin distributed measurement techniques have been extensively developed for structural health monitoring using fibre optic nerve systems. The recent advancement in the spatial resolution capabilities of correlation-based Brillouin distributed technique have reached the sub-mm regime, making this approach a suitable candidate for monitoring and characterizing integrated photonic devices. The small dimension associated with the short length of these devices—on the order of the cm- and mm-scale—requires high sensitivity detection techniques and sub-mm spatial resolution. In this paper, we provide an overview of the different Brillouin sensing techniques in various micro-scale structures such as photonic crystal fibres, microfibres, and on-chip waveguides. We show how Brillouin sensing is capable of detecting fine transverse geometrical features with the sensitivity of a few nm and also extremely small longitudinal features on the order of a few hundreds of μ m . We focus on the technique of Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis (BOCDA), which enables such high spatial resolution for mapping the opto-acoustic responses of micro-scale waveguides.
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Tchahame JC, Beugnot JC, Huy KP, Laude V, Kudlinski A, Sylvestre T. Surface Brillouin scattering in photonic crystal fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:3269-3272. [PMID: 27420512 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first experimental observation of surface Brillouin scattering in silica-based photonic crystal fibers, arising from the interaction between guided light and surface acoustic waves. This was achieved using small-core and high air-filling fraction microstructured fibers that enable a strong opto-acoustic coupling near the air holes while mitigating the acoustic leakages in the microstructured cladding. It is further shown that this new type of light scattering is highly sensitive to the fiber air-hole microstructure, thus providing a passive and efficient way to control it. Our observations are confirmed through numerical simulations of the elastodynamics equation.
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Stiller B, Sylvestre T. Observation of acoustically induced modulation instability in a Brillouin photonic crystal fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:1570-1572. [PMID: 23632555 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.001570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental observation of self-induced modulation instability (MI) in a Brillouin fiber laser made with a solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with strong anomalous dispersion. We identify this MI as the result of parametric amplification of optical sidebands generated by guided acoustic modes within the core of the PCF. It is further shown that MI leads to passive harmonic mode locking and to the generation of a picosecond pulse train at a repetition rate of 1.15 GHz which matches the acoustic frequency of the fundamental acoustic mode of the PCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Stiller
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Département d’Optique, UMR 6174 CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon 25000, France.
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