Information authentication system using interference of two beams in gyrator transform domain

Optical single-channel cryptosystem based on the discrete wavelet transform and the chaotic standard map for multi-image

In this paper, an optical single-channel asymmetric cryptosystem based on the inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT) and chaotic standard map for multi-image in cyan-magenta-yellow-black (CMYK) mode is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the color image in CMYK format is encoded into a real-valued two-dimensional (2D) format by the IDWT; thus, our scheme can be implemented in a single-channel step. In addition, we propose to generate the random phase mask based on the chaotic standard map. Due to the large key space and high efficiency of the chaotic standard map, the security level of the proposed scheme can be improved. The chaotic standard map is employed to generate the chaotic standard phase mask (CSPM). Then the encoded 2D image can be encrypted in the linear canonical transform domain based on the CSPM. Numerical simulation results are shown to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of our cryptosystem. In addition, our approach outperforms other relevant cryptosystems and can be extended to encrypt multiple color images directly.

Optical asymmetric cryptosystem for multi-image in cyan-magenta-yellow-black color space

In this paper, we propose an optical single-channel asymmetric cryptosystem for multi-image in cyan-magenta-yellow-black (CMYK) color space. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that multiple images in CMYK color space have been directly encrypted. The proposed optical asymmetric cryptosystem is based on the quick response (QR) encoding process and the designed Fresnel-linear canonical-fractional Fourier transform (FLFT) encryption process. Each FLFT encryption process consists of phase-truncated FLFT and random amplitude phase masks. The proposed cryptosystem without color space conversion can improve the quality of the decrypted images and avoid the loss of information. In addition, by utilizing the QR codes, the cross talk and quality-loss problems can be reduced efficiently. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed cryptosystem possesses high robustness against various types of attacks, high security for encrypting multiple color images, and fast encryption efficiency. Furthermore, the proposed cryptosystem outperforms the other relevant cryptosystems and can be extended to encrypt multiple color images in a straightforward way.

Dual paths cryptosystem based on tilt Fresnel diffraction using non-spherical mirror and phase modulation in expanded fractional Fourier transform domain

In this paper, a dual optics paths optical image cryptosystem based on tilt Fresnel diffraction and a phase modulation in extend fractional Fourier transform (eFrFT) domain is presented. The tilt Fresnel is designed by using a non-spherical mirror. A part of data from the original image is modulated by the mirror, while the other part is encoded by an expanded fractional Fourier transform. Besides, the random data of the dual channels is combined for forming the encrypted image. The structure parameters in designing the optical hardware system and the random phase can be regarded as decryption keys. Various potential attack experiments are implemented to check the validity of the proposed cryptographic system.

Group multiple-image encoding and watermarking using coupled logistic maps and gyrator wavelet transform

A novel method of group multiple-image encoding and watermarking using coupled logistic maps and gyrator wavelet transform is presented. The proposed method employs three different groups of multiple images. The color images of each group are individually segregated into R, G, and B channels. Each channel is first permutated by using a sequence of chaotic pairs generated with a system of two symmetrically coupled identical logistic maps and then gyrator transformed. The gyrator spectrum of each channel is multiplied together and then modulated by a random phase function to obtain a corresponding multiplex channel. The encoded multiplex image is restituted through a concatenation of R, G, and B multiplex channels. The phase and amplitude functions of the first, second, and third groups of encoded multiplex images are generated. The host image is a single-level 2D discrete wavelet transformed to decompose into LL, HL, LH, and HH subbands. HL, LH, and HH subbands are then replaced with phase functions of the first, second, and third groups, respectively. Finally, the resultant image is an inverse single-level 2D discrete wavelet transformed to construct a watermarked image. The three groups of multiple images are protected not only by the encryption algorithm but also visually by the host image. Thus, a high level of security can be achieved. Each group includes group decryption keys, and each image of the group comprises individual decryption keys beside parameters of coupled logistic maps and gyrator transform. As a result, the key space is very large. The decryption system can be realized by using an optoelectronic device. The numerical simulation results confirm the validity and security of the proposed scheme.

Optical interference-based multiple-image encryption using spherical wave illumination and gyrator transform

A new optical interference-based multiple-image encryption using spherical wave illumination and gyrator transform is proposed. In this proposal, each secret color image is divided into normalized red, green, and blue component images and independently encoded into corresponding phase-only component images. Then each phase-only component image of all the images are combined together to produce a single-phase-only component image as an input component image, which is bounded with a random phase mask to form a complex image. The two phase-only masks are analytically obtained from the inverse Fourier transformation of the complex image. The host image is chosen as the first phase-only mask, and the complex image hidden in the host image is regarded as the second phase-only mask. The spherical wave is generated to simultaneously illuminate phase-only masks. Then two modulated masks are gyrator transformed. The corresponding transformed images are phase truncated to obtain encrypted images and amplitude truncated to construct decryption keys. The decryption keys, angles of gyrator transform, wavelength and radius of the spherical wave, and individual decryption keys for authorized users are sensitive keys, which enhance the security layers of the system. The proposed system can be implemented by using optoelectronic architecture. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the flexibility of the system.