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Dwapanyin GO, Chow DJX, Tan TCY, Dubost NS, Morizet JM, Dunning KR, Dholakia K. Investigation of refractive index dynamics during in vitro embryo development using off-axis digital holographic microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:3327-3342. [PMID: 37497510 PMCID: PMC10368053 DOI: 10.1364/boe.492292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Embryo quality is a crucial factor affecting live birth outcomes. However, an accurate diagnostic for embryo quality remains elusive in the in vitro fertilization clinic. Determining physical parameters of the embryo may offer key information for this purpose. Here, we demonstrate that digital holographic microscopy (DHM) can rapidly and non-invasively assess the refractive index of mouse embryos. Murine embryos were cultured in either low- or high-lipid containing media and digital holograms recorded at various stages of development. The phase of the recorded hologram was numerically retrieved, from which the refractive index of the embryo was calculated. We showed that DHM can detect spatio-temporal changes in refractive index during embryo development that are reflective of its lipid content. As accumulation of intracellular lipid is known to compromise embryo health, DHM may prove beneficial in developing an accurate, non-invasive, multimodal diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- George O. Dwapanyin
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J. X. Chow
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tiffany C. Y. Tan
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicolas S. Dubost
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine M. Morizet
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Kylie R. Dunning
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre of Light for Life, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Liu X, Oh S, Peshkin L, Kirschner MW. Computationally enhanced quantitative phase microscopy reveals autonomous oscillations in mammalian cell growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27388-27399. [PMID: 33087574 PMCID: PMC7959529 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002152117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The fine balance of growth and division is a fundamental property of the physiology of cells, and one of the least understood. Its study has been thwarted by difficulties in the accurate measurement of cell size and the even greater challenges of measuring growth of a single cell over time. We address these limitations by demonstrating a computationally enhanced methodology for quantitative phase microscopy for adherent cells, using improved image processing algorithms and automated cell-tracking software. Accuracy has been improved more than twofold and this improvement is sufficient to establish the dynamics of cell growth and adherence to simple growth laws. It is also sufficient to reveal unknown features of cell growth, previously unmeasurable. With these methodological and analytical improvements, in several cell lines we document a remarkable oscillation in growth rate, occurring throughout the cell cycle, coupled to cell division or birth yet independent of cell cycle progression. We expect that further exploration with this advanced tool will provide a better understanding of growth rate regulation in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xili Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Seungeun Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Leonid Peshkin
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Marc W Kirschner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Belashov AV, Zhikhoreva AA, Belyaeva TN, Kornilova ES, Salova AV, Semenova IV, Vasyutinskii OS. In vitro monitoring of photoinduced necrosis in HeLa cells using digital holographic microscopy and machine learning. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2020; 37:346-352. [PMID: 32118916 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.382135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Digital holographic microscopy supplemented with the developed cell segmentation and machine learning and classification algorithms is implemented for quantitative description of the dynamics of cellular necrosis induced by photodynamic treatment in vitro. It is demonstrated that the developed algorithms operating with a set of optical, morphological, and physiological parameters of cells, obtained from their phase images, can be used for automatic distinction between live and necrotic cells. The developed classifier provides high accuracy of about 95.5% and allows for calculation of survival rates in the course of cell death.
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Pandey N, Ghosh A, Khare K. Two-dimensional phase unwrapping using the transport of intensity equation. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:2418-2425. [PMID: 27140583 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for two-dimensional phase unwrapping based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE). Given a wrapped phase profile, we generate an auxiliary complex field and propagate it to small distances to simulate two intensity images on closely spaced planes. Using the longitudinal intensity derivative of the auxiliary field as an input, the TIE is solved by employing the regularized Fourier-transform-based approach. The resultant phase profile is automatically in the unwrapped form, as it has been obtained as a solution of a partial differential equation rather than as an argument of a complex-valued function. Our simulations and experimental results suggest that this approach is fast and accurate and provides a simple and practical solution for routine phase unwrapping tasks in interferometry and digital holography.
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Lu J, Mo R, Sun H, Chang Z, Zhao X. Invalid phase values removal method for absolute phase recovery. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:387-394. [PMID: 26835776 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach is presented for more effectively removing invalid phase values in absolute phase recovery. The approach is based on a detailed study involving the types and cases of invalid phase values. Meanwhile, some commonalities of the existing removal algorithms also are thoroughly analyzed. It is well known that rough absolute phase and fringe order maps can very easily be obtained by temporal phase unwrapping techniques. After carefully analyzing the components and fringe order distribution of the rough fringe order map, the proposed method chiefly adopts an entirely new strategy to refine a pure fringe order map. The strategy consists of three parts: (1) the square of an image gradient, (2) subregion areas of the binary image, and (3) image decomposition and composition. In combination with the pure fringe order map and a removal criterion, the invalid phase values can be identified and filtered out from the rough absolute phase map. This new strategy not only gets rid of the limitations of traditional removal methods but also has a two-fold function. The paper also offers different metrics from the experiment to evaluate the quality of the final absolute phase. In contrast with other removal methods, experimental results have verified the feasibility, effectiveness, and superiority of the proposed method.
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