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Stoian RI, Lavine BK, Rosenberger A. pH sensing using whispering gallery modes of a silica hollow bottle resonator. Talanta 2019; 194:585-590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang YN, Zhou T, Han B, Zhang A, Zhao Y. Optical bio-chemical sensors based on whispering gallery mode resonators. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13832-13856. [PMID: 30020301 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have attracted extensive attention and their unique characteristics have led to some remarkable achievements. In particular, when combined with optical sensing technology, the WGM reonator-based sensor offers the advantages of small size, high sensitivity and a real-time dynamic response. At present, this type of sensor is widely applied in the bio-chemical sensing field. In this paper, we briefly review the sensing principle, the structures and the sensing applications of optical bio-chemical sensors based on the WGM resonator, with particular focuses on their sensing properties and their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the existing problems and future development trends of WGM resonator-based optical bio-chemical sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China. and State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Tianmin Zhou
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Bo Han
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China. and Liaoning Provincial Institute of Measurement, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Aozhuo Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China. and State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang, 110819, China
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Heylman KD, Knapper KA, Horak EH, Rea MT, Vanga SK, Goldsmith RH. Optical Microresonators for Sensing and Transduction: A Materials Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700037. [PMID: 28627118 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical microresonators confine light to a particular microscale trajectory, are exquisitely sensitive to their microenvironment, and offer convenient readout of their optical properties. Taken together, this is an immensely attractive combination that makes optical microresonators highly effective as sensors and transducers. Meanwhile, advances in material science, fabrication techniques, and photonic sensing strategies endow optical microresonators with new functionalities, unique transduction mechanisms, and in some cases, unparalleled sensitivities. In this progress report, the operating principles of these sensors are reviewed, and different methods of signal transduction are evaluated. Examples are shown of how choice of materials must be suited to the analyte, and how innovations in fabrication and sensing are coupled together in a mutually reinforcing cycle. A tremendously broad range of capabilities of microresonator sensors is described, from electric and magnetic field sensing to mechanical sensing, from single-molecule detection to imaging and spectroscopy, from operation at high vacuum to in live cells. Emerging sensing capabilities are highlighted and put into context in the field. Future directions are imagined, where the diverse capabilities laid out are combined and advances in scalability and integration are implemented, leading to the creation of a sensor unparalleled in sensitivity and information content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Heylman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kassandra A Knapper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Erik H Horak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Morgan T Rea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sudheer K Vanga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Kim E, Baaske MD, Vollmer F. Towards next-generation label-free biosensors: recent advances in whispering gallery mode sensors. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1190-1205. [PMID: 28265608 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01595f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode biosensors have been widely exploited over the past decade to study molecular interactions by virtue of their high sensitivity and applicability in real-time kinetic analysis without the requirement to label. There have been immense research efforts made for advancing the instrumentation as well as the design of detection assays, with the common goal of progressing towards real-world sensing applications. We therefore review a set of recent developments made in this field and discuss the requirements that whispering gallery mode label-free sensors need to fulfill for making a real world impact outside of the laboratory. These requirements are directly related to the challenges that these sensors face, and the methods proposed to overcome them are discussed. Moving forward, we provide the future prospects and the potential impact of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kim
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrabe 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Martin D Baaske
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrabe 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrabe 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Living Systems Institute, School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX44QD, UK.
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