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Li J, Zhang F, Pu M, Guo Y, Li X, Ma X, Wang C, Luo X. Quasi-Continuous Metasurface Beam Splitters Enabled by Vector Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14041022. [PMID: 33670048 PMCID: PMC7926747 DOI: 10.3390/ma14041022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quasi-continuous metasurfaces are widely used in various optical systems and their subwavelength structures invalidate traditional design methods based on scalar diffraction theory. Here, a novel vector iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA) is proposed to realize the fast design of quasi-continuous metasurface beam splitters with subwavelength structures. Compared with traditional optimization algorithms that either require extensive numerical simulations or lack accuracy, this method has the advantages of accuracy and low computational cost. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, several beam splitters with custom-tailored diffraction patterns and a 7 × 7 beam splitter are numerically demonstrated, among which the maximal diffraction angle reaches 70° and the best uniformity error reaches 0.0195, showing good consistency with the target energy distribution and these results suggest that the proposed vector IFTA may find wide applications in three-dimensional imaging, lidar techniques, machine vision, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.L.); (F.Z.); (M.P.); (Y.G.); (X.L.); (X.M.); (C.W.)
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.L.); (F.Z.); (M.P.); (Y.G.); (X.L.); (X.M.); (C.W.)
| | - Mingbo Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.L.); (F.Z.); (M.P.); (Y.G.); (X.L.); (X.M.); (C.W.)
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.L.); (F.Z.); (M.P.); (Y.G.); (X.L.); (X.M.); (C.W.)
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.L.); (F.Z.); (M.P.); (Y.G.); (X.L.); (X.M.); (C.W.)
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.L.); (F.Z.); (M.P.); (Y.G.); (X.L.); (X.M.); (C.W.)
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.L.); (F.Z.); (M.P.); (Y.G.); (X.L.); (X.M.); (C.W.)
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.L.); (F.Z.); (M.P.); (Y.G.); (X.L.); (X.M.); (C.W.)
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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Alternative Design of Binary Phase Diffractive Optical Element with Non-π Phase Difference. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It was found that binary phase diffractive optical element (DOE) with non-π phase difference had higher diffraction efficiency and adjustable zero-order intensity than a 0-π one. However, existing design methods are all based on the simulated annealing algorithm and thus computationally expensive. In this paper, a simple and efficient method using the iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA) is proposed. In this method, the target pattern is first modified via reducing the zero-order intensity. Then, the IFTA is adopted to design the conventional 0-π DOE. Subsequently, the phase distribution remains unchanged and the phase difference is carefully adjusted to increase the zero-order intensity so that the reconstructed pattern is consistent with the target. To verify this method, several typical DOEs for beam splitting were designed and fabricated, and the result showed that the proposed method is effective.
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