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Barr JL, Brailoiu GC, Unterwald EM, Brailoiu E. Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using Miniaturized Fluorescence Microscopy in Freely Moving Rats. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2367:123-135. [PMID: 33689166 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2020_315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here the method of visualization of brain microcirculation and assessment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability changes using the miniature integrated fluorescence microscope (i.e., miniscope) technology in awake, freely moving rats. The imaging cannula is implanted in the brain area of interest of anesthetized adult rats. After recovery and habituation, sodium fluorescein, a low-molecular-weight tracer, is injected i.v. Fluorescence intensity in the vicinity of microvessels, as an indicator of BBB permeability, is then recorded in vivo via the miniscope for extended periods of time. The method can be used to assess the changes in BBB permeability produced by pharmacologic agents; in this case, the drug of interest is administered after sodium fluorescein. An increase in the sodium fluorescein extravasation in brain microcirculation demonstrates an increase in BBB permeability. The method described here allows a high-resolution visualization of real-time changes in BBB permeability in awake, freely moving rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Barr
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen M Unterwald
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Acker G, Piper SK, Datwyler AL, Broggini T, Kremenetskaia I, Nieminen-Kelhä M, Lips J, Harms U, Mueller S, Lättig-Tünnemann G, Trachsel E, Palumbo A, Neri D, Klohs J, Endres M, Vajkoczy P, Harms C, Czabanka M. Targeting the extradomain A of fibronectin allows identification of vascular resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in experimental glioma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27760-27772. [PMID: 29963235 PMCID: PMC6021244 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clinical application of antiangiogenic therapy lacks direct visualization of therapy efficacy and vascular resistance. We aimed to establish molecular imaging during treatment with sunitinib using the fibronectin extradomain A specific small immunoprotein(SIP)-F8 in glioma. Methods Biodistribution analysis of F8-SIP-Alexa-555 was performed in SF126-glioma bearing or control mice (n = 23 and 7, respectively). Intravital microscopy(IVM) was performed on a microvascular level after 7 days (n = 5 per group) and subsequently after 6 days of sunitinib treatment (n = 4) or without (n = 2). Additionally, near infrared fluorescence(NIRF) imaging was established with F8-SIP-Alexa-750 allowing non-invasive imaging with and without antiangiogenic treatment in orthotopic tumors (n = 38 divided in 4 groups). MRI was used to determine tumor size and served as a reference for NIRF imaging. Results F8-SIP demonstrated a time and hemodynamic dependent tumor specific accumulation. A significantly higher vascular accumulation occurred with antiangiogenic treatment compared to untreated tumors enabling visualization of resistant tumor vessels by F8-SIP-mediated NIRF imaging. In orthotopic tumors, sunitinib reduced F8-SIP-Alexa-750 enrichment volume but not fluorescence intensity indicative of F8-SIP accumulation in fewer vessels. Conclusion F8-SIP is highly tumor specific with time and hemodynamic dependent biodistribution. The higher vascular accumulation to remaining vessels enables molecular imaging and targeting of therapy resistant tumor vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güliz Acker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurosurgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Käthe Piper
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Datwyler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Broggini
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurosurgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Kremenetskaia
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurosurgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melina Nieminen-Kelhä
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurosurgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janet Lips
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Harms
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gilla Lättig-Tünnemann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eveline Trachsel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Palumbo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Klohs
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Endres
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurosurgery, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurosurgery, Berlin, Germany
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Ryu HW, Lim W, Jo D, Kim S, Park JT, Min JJ, Hyun H, Kim HS. Low-Dose Evans Blue Dye for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in Photothrombotic Stroke Model. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:696-702. [PMID: 29910674 PMCID: PMC6001419 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.24257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evans blue dye (EBD) is the most common indicator to analyze the extent of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in several neurological disease models. However, the high-dose of EBD (51.9 mg/kg) is usually required for visualization of blue color by the human eye that brings potential safety issues. Methods: To solve this problem, low-dose of EBD was applied for the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-assisted quantitation of BBB breakdown in photothrombotic stoke model. Animals were allocated to seven dose groups ranging from 1.35 nmol (5.19 μg/kg) to 13.5 μmol (51.9 mg/kg) EBD. Results: EBD was undetectable in the non-ischemic brain tissue, and the fluorescence signals in the infarcted hemisphere seemed proportional to the injected dose in the dose range. Although the maximum fluorescence signals in brain tissue were obtained with the injections of 1.35 nmol ~ 13.5 μmol EBD, the background signals in the neighboring brain tissues were significantly increased as well. Since the high concentration of EBD is necessary for color-based identification of the infarcted lesion in brain tissues, even 10-fold diluted could not be distinguished visually by naked eye. Conclusions: NIR fluorescence-assisted method could potentially provide new opportunities to study BBB leakage just using small amount of EBD in different pathological conditions and to test the efficacy of various therapeutic strategies to protect the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wonbong Lim
- Department of Premedical Program, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Danbi Jo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Subin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and
| | | | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
| | - Hoon Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and.,Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine.,Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
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Wunder A, Schoknecht K, Stanimirovic DB, Prager O, Chassidim Y. Imaging blood-brain barrier dysfunction in animal disease models. Epilepsia 2013; 53 Suppl 6:14-21. [PMID: 23134491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly complex structure, which separates the extracellular fluid of the central nervous system (CNS) from the blood of CNS vessels. A wide range of neurologic conditions, including stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and brain tumors, are associated with perturbations of the BBB that contribute to their pathology. The common consequence of a BBB dysfunction is increased permeability, leading to extravasation of plasma constituents and vasogenic brain edema. The BBB impairment can persist for long periods, being involved in secondary inflammation and neuronal dysfunction, thus contributing to disease pathogenesis. Therefore, reliable imaging of the BBB impairment is of major importance in both clinical management of brain diseases and in experimental research. From landmark studies by Ehrlich and Goldman, the use of dyes (probes) has played a critical role in understanding BBB functions. In recent years methodologic advances in morphologic and functional brain imaging have provided insight into cellular and molecular interactions underlying BBB dysfunction in animal disease models. These imaging techniques, which range from in situ staining to noninvasive in vivo imaging, have different spatial resolution, sensitivity, and capacity for quantitative and kinetic measures of the BBB impairment. Despite significant advances, the translation of these techniques into clinical applications remains slow. This review outlines key recent advances in imaging techniques that have contributed to the understanding of BBB dysfunction in disease and discusses major obstacles and opportunities to advance these techniques into the clinical realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wunder
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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