1
|
Sun T, Piao D. Diffuse photon remission associated with the center-illuminated-area-detection geometry: Part I, an approach to the steady-state model. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:9143-9153. [PMID: 36607047 DOI: 10.1364/ao.468342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse photon remission associated with the center-illuminated-area-detection (CIAD) geometry has been useful for non-contact sensing and may inform single-fiber reflectance (SfR). This series of work advances model approaches that help enrich the understanding and applicability of the photon remission by CIAD. The general approach is to derive the diffuse photon remission by the area integration of the radially resolved diffuse reflectance while limiting the analysis to a medium exhibiting only the Heyney-Greenstein (HG) scattering phase function. Part I assesses the steady-state photon remission in CIAD over a reduced scattering scaled diameter of μ s ' d a r e a ∈[0.5×10-3,103] that covers the range extensively modeled for SfR. The corresponding radially resolved diffuse reflectance is obtained by concatenating an empirical expression for the semi-ballistic region near the point-of-illumination and a formula utilizing a master-slave dual-source scheme over the semi-diffusive to a diffusive regime while being constrained by an extrapolated zero-boundary condition. The terminal algebraic photon remission is examined against Monte Carlo simulations for an absorption coefficient over [0.001,1]m m -1, a reduced scattering coefficient over [0.01,1000]m m -1, a HG scattering anisotropy factor within [0.5,0.95], and a diameter of the area of collection ranging [50,1000]µm. The algebraic model is also applied to phantom data acquired over a ∼2c m non-contact CIAD configuration and with a 200 µm SfR probe. The model approach will be extended in a subsequent work towards the time-of-flight characteristics of CIAD.
Collapse
|
2
|
Schmidt I, Nagengast WB, Robinson DJ. Characterizing factors influencing calibration and optical property determination in quantitative reflectance spectroscopy to improve standardization. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:074714. [PMID: 35393792 PMCID: PMC8988964 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.074714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The combination of reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy allows the determination of tissue optical properties and the calculation of the intrinsic fluorescence in vivo. These parameters can discriminate between tissues and may allow the discrimination of malignant from benign tissue. While this approach has significant clinical potential, the lack of standardization and quality assessment prevents the upscaling of research. AIM Investigate which factors influence device calibration and tissue optical property determination. Improve system quality assessment and allow upscaling of the clinical research using multidiameter single fiber reflectance/singe fiber fluorescence spectroscopy. APPROACH Two studies, one phantom based on uniform calibrations and skin measurements and a clinical study including clinical calibrations. The first validates the effect of factors under identical conditions and the effect of calibration quality on the optical property determination of skin. The second shows the effect of different system configurations and the performance of the system and probe over an extended period. RESULTS Phantom calibrations showed stability over a period of 20 weeks except for a 16-week-old intralipid phantom which showed a significant difference (at least p = 0.0032) for all five probes evaluated. For clinical calibrations, only the fiber tree had a significant influence (probe 4: p < 0.000001 and probe 5: p = 0.00038) on the calibration quality. Interestingly, no degradation of probe performance was detected over a period of 21 months despite the exposure to stress during clinical measurements. Calibration quality affected μs' and the power law scattering exponent, but the degree of the influence was different per fiber. CONCLUSIONS Intralipid phantom quality and fiber tree performance are the main factors influencing the calibration quality. Probe and user performance did not show any effect, which makes the upscaling of research to multicenter trials easier. A high-quality assessment procedure should be implemented to track changes during clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Schmidt
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter B. Nagengast
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic J. Robinson
- Erasmus Medical Center, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Post AL, de Groof AJ, Zhang XU, Swager AF, Fockens KN, Pouw RE, Weusten BLAM, Faber DJ, de Bruin DM, Bergman JJGHM, van Leeuwen TG, Sterenborg HJCM, Curvers WL. Toward improved endoscopic surveillance with multidiameter single fiber reflectance spectroscopy in patients with Barrett's esophagus. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000351. [PMID: 33410602 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Barrett's esophagus are at an increased risk to develop esophageal cancer and, therefore, undergo regular endoscopic surveillance. Early detection of neoplasia enables endoscopic treatment, which improves outcomes. However, early Barrett's neoplasia is easily missed during endoscopic surveillance. This study investigates multidiameter single fiber reflectance spectroscopy (MDSFR) to improve Barrett's surveillance. Based on the concept of field cancerization, it may be possible to identify the presence of a neoplastic lesion from measurements elsewhere in the esophagus or even the oral cavity. In this study, MDSFR measurements are performed on non-dysplastic Barrett's mucosa, squamous mucosa, oral mucosa, and the neoplastic lesion (if present). Based on logistic regression analysis on the scattering parameters measured by MDSFR, a classifier is developed that can predict the presence of neoplasia elsewhere in the Barrett's segment from measurements on the non-dysplastic Barrett's mucosa (sensitivity 91%, specificity 71%, AUC = 0.77). Classifiers obtained from logistic regression analysis for the squamous and oral mucosa do not result in an AUC significantly different from 0.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anouk L Post
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J de Groof
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xu U Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Fré Swager
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki N Fockens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roos E Pouw
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas L A M Weusten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Faber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M de Bruin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques J G H M Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L Curvers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang XU, Faber DJ, Van Leeuwen TG, Sterenborg HJCM. Effect of probe pressure on skin tissue optical properties measurement using multi-diameter single fiber reflectance spectroscopy. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ab9071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
5
|
Peng W, de Bruijn HS, ten Hagen TLM, Berg K, Roodenburg JLN, van Dam GM, Witjes MJH, Robinson DJ. In-Vivo Optical Monitoring of the Efficacy of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeted Photodynamic Therapy: The Effect of Fluence Rate. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E190. [PMID: 31940973 PMCID: PMC7017190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to improve the therapeutic effect of PDT due to significantly better tumor responses and less normal tissue damage. Here we investigated if the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted PDT using cetuximab-IRDye700DX is fluence rate dependent. Cell survival after treatment with different fluence rates was investigated in three cell lines. Singlet oxygen formation was investigated using the singlet oxygen quencher sodium azide and singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG). The long-term response (to 90 days) of solid OSC-19-luc2-cGFP tumors in mice was determined after illumination with 20, 50, or 150 mW·cm-2. Reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to monitor therapy. Singlet oxygen was formed during illumination as shown by the increase in SOSG fluorescence and the decreased response in the presence of sodium azide. Significantly more cell death and more cures were observed after reducing the fluence rate from 150 mW·cm-2 to 20 mW·cm-2 both in-vitro and in-vivo. Photobleaching of IRDye700DX increased with lower fluence rates and correlated with efficacy. The response in EGFR targeted PDT is strongly dependent on fluence rate used. The effectiveness of targeted PDT is, like PDT, dependent on the generation of singlet oxygen and thus the availability of intracellular oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- ErasmusMC Cancer Institute, Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette S. de Bruijn
- ErasmusMC Cancer Institute, Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo L. M. ten Hagen
- ErasmusMC, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Boks 1072 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Boks 1072 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan L. N. Roodenburg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Go M. van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Max J. H. Witjes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic J. Robinson
- ErasmusMC Cancer Institute, Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang XU, van der Zee P, Atzeni I, Faber DJ, van Leeuwen TG, Sterenborg HJCM. Multidiameter single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy of heavily pigmented skin: modeling the inhomogeneous distribution of melanin. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-11. [PMID: 31820596 PMCID: PMC7006040 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.12.127001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
When analyzing multidiameter single-fiber reflectance (MDSFR) spectra, the inhomogeneous distribution of melanin pigments in skin tissue is usually not accounted for. Especially in heavily pigmented skins, this can result in bad fits and biased estimation of tissue optical properties. A model is introduced to account for the inhomogeneous distribution of melanin pigments in skin tissue. In vivo visible MDSFR measurements were performed on heavily pigmented skin of type IV to VI. Skin tissue optical properties and related physiological properties were extracted from the measured spectra using the introduced model. The absorption of melanin pigments described by the introduced model demonstrates a good correlation with the co-localized measurement of the well-known melanin index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu U. Zhang
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Address all correspondence to Xu U. Zhang, E-mail:
| | | | - Isabella Atzeni
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Faber
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun T, Piao D. Simple analytical total diffuse reflectance over a reduced-scattering-pathlength scaled dimension of [10 -5, 10 -1] from a medium with HG scattering anisotropy. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:9279-9289. [PMID: 31873607 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.009279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Model approximation is necessary for reflectance assessment of tissue at sub-diffusive to non-diffusive scale. For tissue probing over a sub-diffusive circular area centered on the point of incidence, we demonstrate simple analytical steady-state total diffuse reflectance from a semi-infinite medium with the Henyey-Greenstein (HG) scattering anisotropy (factor $g$g). Two physical constraints are abided to: (1) the total diffuse reflectance is the integration of the radial diffuse reflectance; (2) the radial and total diffuse reflectance at $g \gt {0}$g>0 analytically must resort to their respective forms corresponding to isotropic scattering as $g$g becomes zero. Steady-state radial diffuse reflectance near the point of incidence from a semi-infinite medium of $g \approx 0$g≈0 is developed based on the radiative transfer for isotropic scattering, then integrated to find the total diffuse reflectance for $g \approx 0$g≈0. The radial diffuse reflectance for $g \ge 0.5$g≥0.5 is semi-empirically formulated by comparing to Monte Carlo simulation results and abiding to the second constraint. Its integration leads to a total diffuse reflectance for $g \ge 0.5$g≥0.5 that is also bounded by the second constraint. Over a collection diameter of the reduced-scattering pathlength ($1/\mu _s^{ \prime}$1/μs') scaled size of [${{10}^{ - 5}}$10-5, ${{10}^{ - 1}}$10-1] for $g = [{0.5},{0.95}]$g=[0.5,0.95] and the absorption coefficient as strong as the reduced scattering coefficient, the simple analytical total diffuse reflectance is found to be accurate, with an average error of 16.1%.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bugter O, Hardillo JA, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Amelink A, Robinson DJ. Optical pre-screening for laryngeal cancer using reflectance spectroscopy of the buccal mucosa. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4665-4678. [PMID: 30319894 PMCID: PMC6179391 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new approach in early cancer detection focuses on detecting field cancerization (FC) instead of the tumor itself. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether reflectance spectroscopy can detect FC in the buccal mucosa of patients with laryngeal cancer. The optical properties of the buccal mucosa of patients were measured with multidiameter single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy. The blood oxygen saturation and blood volume fraction were significantly lower in the buccal mucosa of laryngeal cancer patients than in non-oncologic controls. The data of these two parameters were combined to form a single 'biomarker α', which optimally discriminates these two groups. Alpha was lower in the laryngeal cancer group (0.28) than the control group (0.30, p = 0.007). Alpha could identify oncologic patients with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 74%. These results might be the first step toward optical pre-screening for laryngeal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oisín Bugter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jose A. Hardillo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Amelink
- Department of Optics, the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Stieltjesweg 1, 2628 CK Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic J. Robinson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bugter O, Spaander MCW, Bruno MJ, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Amelink A, Robinson DJ. Optical detection of field cancerization in the buccal mucosa of patients with esophageal cancer. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2018; 9:152. [PMID: 29712897 PMCID: PMC5928160 DOI: 10.1038/s41424-018-0023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Esophageal cancer is an increasingly common type of neoplasm with a very poor prognosis. This prognosis could improve with more early tumor detection. We have previously shown that we can use an optical spectroscopy to detect field cancerization in the buccal mucosa of patients with laryngeal cancer. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether we could detect field cancerization of buccal mucosa of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Methods Optical measurements were performed in vivo using a novel optical technique: multidiameter single-fiber reflectance (MDSFR) spectroscopy. MDSFR spectra were acquired by a handheld probe incorporating three fiber diameters. Multiple absorption and scattering parameters that are related to the physiological and ultrastructural properties of the buccal mucosa were derived from these spectra. A linear discriminant analysis of the parameters was performed to create a combined biomarker σ to discriminate oncologic from non-oncologic patients. Results Twelve ESCC, 12 EAC, and 24 control patients were included in the study. The median value of our biomarker σ was significantly higher in patients with ESCC (2.07 [1.93–2.10]) than control patients (1.86 [1.73–1.95], p = 0.022). After cross-validation σ was able to identify ESCC patients with a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 70.8%. There were no significant differences between the EAC group and the control group. Conclusion Field cancerization in the buccal mucosa can be detected using optical spectroscopy in ESCC patients. This may be the first step towards non-invasive ESCC cancer screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oisín Bugter
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, The Netherlands. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Manon C W Spaander
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J Bruno
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J Baatenburg de Jong
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, The Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Amelink
- Department of Optics, TNO, Stieltjesweg 1, Delft, 2628 CK, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic J Robinson
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, The Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stegehuis PL, Boogerd LSF, Inderson A, Veenendaal RA, van Gerven P, Bonsing BA, Sven Mieog J, Amelink A, Veselic M, Morreau H, van de Velde CJH, Lelieveldt BPF, Dijkstra J, Robinson DJ, Vahrmeijer AL. Toward optical guidance during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations of pancreatic masses using single fiber reflectance spectroscopy: a feasibility study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:24001. [PMID: 28170030 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.2.024001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations (EUS-FNA) of pancreatic masses suffer from sample errors and low-negative predictive values. Fiber-optic spectroscopy in the visible to near-infrared wavelength spectrum can noninvasively extract physiological parameters from tissue and has the potential to guide the sampling process and reduce sample errors. We assessed the feasibility of single fiber (SF) reflectance spectroscopy measurements during EUS-FNA of pancreatic masses and its ability to distinguish benign from malignant pancreatic tissue. A single optical fiber was placed inside a 19-gauge biopsy needle during EUS-FNA and at least three reflectance measurements were taken prior to FNA. Spectroscopy measurements did not cause any related adverse events and prolonged procedure time with ? 5 ?? min . An accurate correlation between spectroscopy measurements and cytology could be made in nine patients (three benign and six malignant). The oxygen saturation and bilirubin concentration were significantly higher in benign tissue compared with malignant tissue (55% versus 21%, p = 0.038 ; 166 ?? ? mol / L versus 17 ?? ? mol / L , p = 0.039 , respectively). To conclude, incorporation of SF spectroscopy during EUS-FNA was feasible, safe, and relatively quick to perform. The optical properties of benign and malignant pancreatic tissue are different, implying that SF spectroscopy can potentially guide the FNA sampling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulien L Stegehuis
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The NetherlandsbLeiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonora S F Boogerd
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Akin Inderson
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland A Veenendaal
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P van Gerven
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A Bonsing
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Sven Mieog
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Amelink
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Department of Optics, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Veselic
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jouke Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic J Robinson
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Watté R, Aernouts B, Van Beers R, Postelmans A, Saeys W. Computational optimization of the configuration of a spatially resolved spectroscopy sensor for milk analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 917:53-63. [PMID: 27026600 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A global optimizer has been developed, capable of computing the optimal configuration in a probe for spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy (SRS). The main objective is to minimize the number of detection fibers, while maintaining an accurate estimation of both absorption and scattering profiles. Multiple fibers are necessary to robustify the estimation of optical properties against noise, which is typically present in the measured signals and influences the accuracy of the inverse estimation. The optimizer is based on a robust metamodel-based inverse estimation of the absorption coefficient and a reduced scattering coefficient from the acquired SRS signals. A genetic algorithm is used to evaluate the effect of the fiber placement on the performance of the inverse estimator to find the bulk optical properties of raw milk. The algorithm to find the optimal fiber placement was repeatedly executed for cases with a different number of detection fibers, ranging from 3 to 30. Afterwards, the optimal designs for each considered number of fibers were compared based on their performance in separating the absorption and scattering properties, and the significance of the differences was tested. A sensor configuration with 13 detection fibers was found to be the combination with the lowest number of fibers which provided an estimation performance which was not significantly worse than the one obtained with the best design (30 detection fibers). This design resulted in the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.411 cm(-1) (R(2) = 0.965) for the estimation of the bulk absorption coefficient values, and 0.382 cm(-1) (R(2) = 0.996) for the reduced scattering coefficient values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Watté
- KU Leuven Department of Biosystems, MeBioS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ben Aernouts
- KU Leuven Department of Biosystems, MeBioS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robbe Van Beers
- KU Leuven Department of Biosystems, MeBioS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Postelmans
- KU Leuven Department of Biosystems, MeBioS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wouter Saeys
- KU Leuven Department of Biosystems, MeBioS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aernouts B, Van Beers R, Watté R, Huybrechts T, Lammertyn J, Saeys W. Visible and near-infrared bulk optical properties of raw milk. J Dairy Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Naglič P, Pernuš F, Likar B, Bürmen M. Limitations of the commonly used simplified laterally uniform optical fiber probe-tissue interface in Monte Carlo simulations of diffuse reflectance. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3973-88. [PMID: 26504647 PMCID: PMC4605056 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Light propagation models often simplify the interface between the optical fiber probe tip and tissue to a laterally uniform boundary with mismatched refractive indices. Such simplification neglects the precise optical properties of the commonly used probe tip materials, e.g. stainless steel or black epoxy. In this paper, we investigate the limitations of the laterally uniform probe-tissue interface in Monte Carlo simulations of diffuse reflectance. In comparison to a realistic probe-tissue interface that accounts for the layout and properties of the probe tip materials, the simplified laterally uniform interface is shown to introduce significant errors into the simulated diffuse reflectance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Naglič
- Laboratory of Imaging Technologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franjo Pernuš
- Laboratory of Imaging Technologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Likar
- Laboratory of Imaging Technologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Sensum, Computer Vision Systems d.o.o., Tehnološki park 21, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miran Bürmen
- Laboratory of Imaging Technologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brooks S, Hoy CL, Amelink A, Robinson DJ, Nijsten TE. Sources of variability in the quantification of tissue optical properties by multidiameter single-fiber reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:57002. [PMID: 25938208 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.057002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a multidiameter single-fiber reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy device has been developed that enabled us to extract the autofluorescence of tissue that is corrected for the optical properties. Such a system has been incorporated in the population-based Rotterdam Study to investigate the autofluorescence of the skin. Since the device will be used by different operators over many years, it is essential that the results are comparable between users. It is, however, unclear how different methods of handling the probe might influence the outcome. Variability of blood oxygen saturation, blood volume fraction and vessel diameter, average gamma, reduced scattering coefficient at 800 nm, and integrated intrinsic fluorescence measured in three volunteers were assessed within and between eight untrained users. A variability of less than one standard deviation from the group mean was defined as an acceptable limit. Three mature volunteers were also included to assess the intrauser variability of mature skin. The variation in the measured parameters suggests that variation is dominated by tissue heterogeneity. Most users measured within one standard deviation of the group mean. Notably, corrected intrinsic fluorescence showed low intra- and interuser variability. These results strongly suggest that variability is mostly caused by tissue heterogeneity and is not user induced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sander Brooks
- Erasmus Medical Center, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Dermatology, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher L Hoy
- Erasmus Medical Center, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Dermatology, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Amelink
- Erasmus Medical Center, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Dermatology, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic J Robinson
- Erasmus Medical Center, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar E Nijsten
- Erasmus Medical Center, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Dermatology, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Correction for tissue optical properties enables quantitative skin fluorescence measurements using multi-diameter single fiber reflectance spectroscopy. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:64-73. [PMID: 25911633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Fluorescence measurements in the skin are very much affected by absorption and scattering but existing methods to correct for this are not applicable to superficial skin measurements. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The first use of multiple-diameter single fiber reflectance (MDSFR) and single fiber fluorescence (SFF) spectroscopy in human skin was investigated. MDSFR spectroscopy allows a quantification of the full optical properties in superficial skin (μa, μs' and γ), which can next be used to retrieve the corrected - intrinsic - fluorescence of a fluorophore Qμa,x(f). Our goal was to investigate the importance of such correction for individual patients. We studied this in 22 patients undergoing photodynamic therapy (PDT) for actinic keratosis. RESULTS The magnitude of correction of fluorescence was around 4 (for both autofluorescence and protoporphyrin IX). Moreover, it was variable between patients, but also within patients over the course of fractionated aminolevulinic acid PDT (range 2.7-7.5). Patients also varied in the amount of protoporphyrin IX synthesis, photobleaching percentages and resynthesis (>100× difference between the lowest and highest PpIX synthesis). The autofluorescence was lower in actinic keratosis than contralateral normal skin (0.0032 versus 0.0052; P<0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Our results clearly demonstrate the importance of correcting the measured fluorescence for optical properties, because these vary considerably between individual patients and also during PDT. Protoporphyrin IX synthesis and photobleaching kinetics allow monitoring clinical PDT which facilitates individual-based PDT dosing and improvement of clinical treatment protocols. Furthermore, the skin autofluorescence can be relevant for diagnostic use in the skin, but it may also be interesting because of its association with several internal diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Almasian M, Bosschaart N, van Leeuwen TG, Faber DJ. Validation of quantitative attenuation and backscattering coefficient measurements by optical coherence tomography in the concentration-dependent and multiple scattering regime. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:121314. [PMID: 26720868 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.121314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential to quantitatively measure optical properties of tissue such as the attenuation coefficient and backscattering coefficient. However, to obtain reliable values for strong scattering tissues, accurate consideration of the effects of multiple scattering and the nonlinear relation between the scattering coefficient and scatterer concentration (concentration-dependent scattering) is required. We present a comprehensive model for the OCT signal in which we quantitatively account for both effects, as well as our system parameters (confocal point spread function and sensitivity roll-off). We verify our model with experimental data from controlled phantoms of monodisperse silica beads (scattering coefficients between 1 and 30 mm(−1) and scattering anisotropy between 0.4 and 0.9). The optical properties of the phantoms are calculated using Mie theory combined with the Percus–Yevick structure factor to account for concentration-dependent scattering. We demonstrate excellent agreement between the OCT attenuation and backscattering coefficient predicted by our model and experimentally derived values. We conclude that this model enables us to accurately model OCT-derived parameters (i.e., attenuation and backscattering coefficients) in the concentration-dependent and multiple scattering regime for spherical monodisperse samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Almasian
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Bosschaart
- University of Twente, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Zuidhorst ZH263, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Faber
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Single-Fiber Reflectance Spectroscopy of Isotropic-Scattering Medium: An Analytic Perspective to the Ratio-of-Remission in Steady-State Measurements. PHOTONICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics1040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Kanick SC, McClatchy DM, Krishnaswamy V, Elliott JT, Paulsen KD, Pogue BW. Sub-diffusive scattering parameter maps recovered using wide-field high-frequency structured light imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:3376-90. [PMID: 25360357 PMCID: PMC4206309 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the hypothesis that structured light reflectance imaging with high spatial frequency patterns [Formula: see text] can be used to quantitatively map the anisotropic scattering phase function distribution [Formula: see text] in turbid media. Monte Carlo simulations were used in part to establish a semi-empirical model of demodulated reflectance ([Formula: see text]) in terms of dimensionless scattering [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], a metric of the first two moments of the [Formula: see text] distribution. Experiments completed in tissue-simulating phantoms showed that simultaneous analysis of [Formula: see text] spectra sampled at multiple [Formula: see text] in the frequency range [0.05-0.5] [Formula: see text] allowed accurate estimation of both [Formula: see text] in the relevant tissue range [0.4-1.8] [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] in the range [1.4-1.75]. Pilot measurements of a healthy volunteer exhibited [Formula: see text]-based contrast between scar tissue and surrounding normal skin, which was not as apparent in wide field diffuse imaging. These results represent the first wide-field maps to quantify sub-diffuse scattering parameters, which are sensitive to sub-microscopic tissue structures and composition, and therefore, offer potential for fast diagnostic imaging of ultrastructure on a size scale that is relevant to surgical applications.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gamm UA, Hoy CL, van Leeuwen - van Zaane F, Sterenborg HJCM, Kanick SC, Robinson DJ, Amelink A. Extraction of intrinsic fluorescence from single fiber fluorescence measurements on a turbid medium: experimental validation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1913-25. [PMID: 24940549 PMCID: PMC4052919 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The detailed mechanisms associated with the influence of scattering and absorption properties on the fluorescence intensity sampled by a single optical fiber have recently been elucidated based on Monte Carlo simulated data. Here we develop an experimental single fiber fluorescence (SFF) spectroscopy setup and validate the Monte Carlo data and semi-empirical model equation that describes the SFF signal as a function of scattering. We present a calibration procedure that corrects the SFF signal for all system-related, wavelength dependent transmission efficiencies to yield an absolute value of intrinsic fluorescence. The validity of the Monte Carlo data and semi-empirical model is demonstrated using a set of fluorescent phantoms with varying concentrations of Intralipid to vary the scattering properties, yielding a wide range of reduced scattering coefficients (μ's = 0-7 mm (-1)). We also introduce a small modification to the model to account for the case of μ's = 0 mm (-1) and show its relation to the experimental, simulated and theoretically calculated value of SFF intensity in the absence of scattering. Finally, we show that our method is also accurate in the presence of absorbers by performing measurements on phantoms containing red blood cells and correcting for their absorption properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U. A. Gamm
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Postgraduate school Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - C. L. Hoy
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Postgraduate school Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - F. van Leeuwen - van Zaane
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Postgraduate school Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - H. J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Postgraduate school Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - S. C. Kanick
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755,
USA
| | - D. J. Robinson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - A. Amelink
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Postgraduate school Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam,
The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Calabro KW, Bigio IJ. Influence of the phase function in generalized diffuse reflectance models: review of current formalisms and novel observations. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:75005. [PMID: 25027000 PMCID: PMC4161006 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.7.075005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, which has been demonstrated as a noninvasive diagnostic technique, relies on quantitative models for extracting optical property values from turbid media, such as biological tissues. We review and compare reflectance models that have been published, and we test similar models over a much wider range of measurement parameters than previously published, with specific focus on the effects of the scattering phase function and the source-detector distance. It has previously been shown that the dependence of a forward reflectance model on the scattering phase function can be described more accurately using a variable, γ, which is a more predictive variable for reflectance than the traditional anisotropy factor, g. We show that variations in the reflectance model due to the phase function are strongly dependent on the source-detector separation, and we identify a dimensionless scattering distance at which reflectance is insensitive to the phase function. Further, we evaluate how variations in the phase function and source-detector separation affect the accuracy of inverse property extraction. By simultaneously fitting two or more reflectance spectra, measured at different source-detector separations, we also demonstrate that an estimate of γ can be extracted, in addition to the reduced scattering and absorption coefficients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W. Calabro
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Synopsys Inc., 377 Simarano Drive, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752
- Address all correspondence to: Katherine W. Calabro, E-mail:
| | - Irving J. Bigio
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 8 St. Mary’s Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
van Leeuwen–van Zaane F, Gamm UA, van Driel PBAA, Snoeks TJA, de Bruijn HS, van der Ploeg–van den Heuvel A, Mol IM, Löwik CWGM, Sterenborg HJCM, Amelink A, Robinson DJ. In vivo quantification of the scattering properties of tissue using multi-diameter single fiber reflectance spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:696-708. [PMID: 23667786 PMCID: PMC3646597 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Multi diameter single fiber reflectance (MDSFR) spectroscopy is a non-invasive optical technique based on using multiple fibers of different diameters to determine both the reduced scattering coefficient (μs') and a parameter γ that is related to the angular distribution of scattering, where γ = (1-g2)/(1-g1) and g1 and g2 the first and second moment of the phase function, respectively. Here we present the first in vivo MDSFR measurements of μs'(λ) and γ(λ) and their wavelength dependence. MDSFR is performed on nineteen mice in four tissue types including skin, liver, normal tongue and in an orthotopic oral squamous cell carcinoma. The wavelength-dependent slope of μs'(λ) (scattering power) is significantly higher for tongue and skin than for oral cancer and liver. The reduced scattering coefficient at 800 nm of oral cancer is significantly higher than of normal tongue and liver. Gamma generally increases with increasing wavelength; for tumor it increases monotonically with wavelength, while for skin, liver and tongue γ(λ) reaches a plateau or even decreases for longer wavelengths. The mean γ(λ) in the wavelength range 400-850 nm is highest for liver (1.87 ± 0.07) and lowest for skin (1.37 ± 0.14). Gamma of tumor and normal tongue falls in between these values where tumor exhibits a higher average γ(λ) (1.72 ± 0.09) than normal tongue (1.58 ± 0.07). This study shows the potential of using light scattering spectroscopy to optically characterize tissue in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. van Leeuwen–van Zaane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Optical Diagnostics
and Therapy, Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, P.O. box 2040, 3000 CA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U. A. Gamm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Optical Diagnostics
and Therapy, Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, P.O. box 2040, 3000 CA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - T. J. A. Snoeks
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H. S. de Bruijn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Optical Diagnostics
and Therapy, Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, P.O. box 2040, 3000 CA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. van der Ploeg–van den Heuvel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Optical Diagnostics
and Therapy, Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, P.O. box 2040, 3000 CA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I. M. Mol
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C. W. G. M. Löwik
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H. J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Optical Diagnostics
and Therapy, Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, P.O. box 2040, 3000 CA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Amelink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Optical Diagnostics
and Therapy, Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, P.O. box 2040, 3000 CA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. J. Robinson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Optical Diagnostics
and Therapy, Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, P.O. box 2040, 3000 CA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The
Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hoy CL, Gamm UA, Sterenborg HJCM, Robinson DJ, Amelink A. Use of a coherent fiber bundle for multi-diameter single fiber reflectance spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:2452-64. [PMID: 23082287 PMCID: PMC3469986 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multi-diameter single fiber reflectance (MDSFR) spectroscopy enables quantitative measurement of tissue optical properties, including the reduced scattering coefficient and the phase function parameter γ. However, the accuracy and speed of the procedure are currently limited by the need for co-localized measurements using multiple fiber optic probes with different fiber diameters. This study demonstrates the use of a coherent fiber bundle acting as a single fiber with a variable diameter for the purposes of MDSFR spectroscopy. Using Intralipid optical phantoms with reduced scattering coefficients between 0.24 and 3 mm(-1), we find that the spectral reflectance and effective path lengths measured by the fiber bundle (NA = 0.40) are equivalent to those measured by single solid-core fibers (NA = 0.22) for fiber diameters between 0.4 and 1.0 mm (r ≥ 0.997). This one-to-one correlation may hold for a 0.2 mm fiber diameter as well (r = 0.816); however, the experimental system used in this study suffers from a low signal-to-noise for small dimensionless reduced scattering coefficients due to spurious back reflections within the experimental system. Based on these results, the coherent fiber bundle is suitable for use as a variable-diameter fiber in clinical MDSFR quantification of tissue optical properties.
Collapse
|
23
|
Gamm UA, Kanick SC, Sterenborg HJCM, Robinson DJ, Amelink A. Quantification of the reduced scattering coefficient and phase-function-dependent parameter γ of turbid media using multidiameter single fiber reflectance spectroscopy: experimental validation. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:1838-40. [PMID: 22660046 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multidiameter single fiber reflectance (MDSFR) spectroscopy is a method that allows the quantification of μs' and the phase-function-dependent parameter γ of a turbid medium by utilizing multiple fibers with different diameters. We have previously introduced the theory behind MDSFR and its limitations, and here we present an experimental validation of this method based on phantoms containing a fractal distribution of polystyrene spheres both in the absence and presence of the absorber Evans Blue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U A Gamm
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kanick SC, Krishnaswamy V, Gamm UA, Sterenborg HJCM, Robinson DJ, Amelink A, Pogue BW. Scattering phase function spectrum makes reflectance spectrum measured from Intralipid phantoms and tissue sensitive to the device detection geometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:1086-100. [PMID: 22567598 PMCID: PMC3342184 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reflectance spectra measured in Intralipid (IL) close to the source are sensitive to wavelength-dependent changes in reduced scattering coefficient ([Formula: see text]) and scattering phase function (PF). Experiments and simulations were performed using device designs with either single or separate optical fibers for delivery and collection of light in varying concentrations of IL. Spectral reflectance is not consistently linear with varying IL concentration, with PF-dependent effects observed for single fiber devices with diameters smaller than ten transport lengths and for separate source-detector devices that collected light at less than half of a transport length from the source. Similar effects are thought to be seen in tissue, limiting the ability to quantitatively compare spectra from different devices without compensation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Kanick
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - V. Krishnaswamy
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - U. A. Gamm
- Center of Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Center of Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. J. Robinson
- Center of Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Amelink
- Center of Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kanick SC, Robinson DJ, Sterenborg HJCM, Amelink A. Extraction of intrinsic fluorescence from single fiber fluorescence measurements on a turbid medium. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:948-50. [PMID: 22378448 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study utilizes Monte Carlo simulations of single fiber fluorescence to develop an empirical model that corrects for the influence of scattering and absorption on fluorescence intensity (F(SF)). The model expresses F(SF) in terms of the reduced scattering coefficient (μs') and absorption coefficient (μ(a)), each determined independently at excitation and emission wavelengths (λ(x) and λ(m)), and the fiber diameter (d(f)). This model returns accurate descriptions (mean residual <6%) of F(SF) across a biologically relevant range of μs' and μ(a) values and is insensitive to the form of the scattering phase function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Kanick
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hillman EMC, Elson DS, Bigio IJ, Levenson RM, So PTC. Advances in optics for biotechnology, medicine and surgery. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:531-532. [PMID: 22435099 PMCID: PMC3296539 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The editors introduce the Biomedical Optics Express feature issue, "Advances in Optics for Biotechnology, Medicine and Surgery," which includes 12 contributions from attendees of the 2011 conference Advances in Optics for Biotechnology, Medicine and Surgery XII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. C. Hillman
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Daniel S. Elson
- Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Irving J. Bigio
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Peter T. C. So
- Departments of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02193, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kanick SC, Robinson DJ, Sterenborg HJCM, Amelink A. Semi-empirical model of the effect of scattering on single fiber fluorescence intensity measured on a turbid medium. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:137-152. [PMID: 22254174 PMCID: PMC3255331 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative determination of fluorophore content from fluorescence measurements in turbid media, such as tissue, is complicated by the influence of scattering properties on the collected signal. This study utilizes a Monte Carlo model to characterize the relationship between the fluorescence intensity collected by a single fiber optic probe (F(SF)) and the scattering properties. Simulations investigate a wide range of biologically relevant scattering properties specified independently at excitation (λ(x)) and emission (λ(m)) wavelengths, including reduced scattering coefficients in the range μ'(s)(λ(x)) ∈ [0.1 - 8]mm(-1) and μ'(s)(λ(m)) ∈ [0.25 - 1] × μ'(s)(λ(x)). Investigated scattering phase functions (P(θ)) include both Henyey-Greenstein and Modified Henyey-Greenstein forms, and a wide range of fiber diameters (d(f) ∈ [0.2 - 1.0] mm) was simulated. A semi-empirical model is developed to estimate the collected F(SF) as the product of an effective sampling volume, and the effective excitation fluence and the effective escape probability within the effective sampling volume. The model accurately estimates F(SF) intensities (r=0.999) over the investigated range of μ'(s)(λ(x)) and μ'(s)(λ(m)), is insensitive to the form of the P(θ), and provides novel insight into a dimensionless relationship linking F(SF) measured by different d(f).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Kanick
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|