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Roorda A, Cholewiak SA, Bhargava S, Ivzan NH, LaRocca F, Nankivil D, Banks MS. The visual benefits of correcting longitudinal and transverse chromatic aberration. J Vis 2023; 23:3. [PMID: 36729421 PMCID: PMC9907370 DOI: 10.1167/jov.23.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a system-the Binocular Varichrome and Accommodation Measurement System-that can be used to measure and correct the eye's longitudinal and transverse chromatic aberration (LCA and TCA) and to perform vision tests with custom corrections. We used the system to investigate how LCA and TCA affect visual performance. Specifically, we studied the effects of LCA and TCA on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and chromostereopsis. LCA exhibited inter subject variability but followed expected trends compared with previous reports. TCA at the fovea was variable between individuals but with a tendency for the shift at shorter wavelengths to be more temporalward in the visual field in each eye. We found that TCA was generally greater when LCA was corrected. For visual acuity, we found that a measurable benefit was realized only with both LCA and TCA correction unless the TCA was low. For contrast sensitivity, we found that the best sensitivity to a 10-cycle/degree polychromatic grating was attained when LCA and TCA were corrected. Finally, we found that the primary cause of chromostereopsis is the TCA of the eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Roorda
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA., https://roorda.vision.berkeley.edu
| | - Steven A. Cholewiak
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA,
| | - Swati Bhargava
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,
| | - Nadav H. Ivzan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA,
| | - Francesco LaRocca
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,
| | - Derek Nankivil
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Research & Development, Jacksonville, FL, USA., https://www.jjvision.com/
| | - Martin S. Banks
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA,https://civo.berkeley.edu/biographies/martin-s-banks
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Marcos S, Artal P, Atchison DA, Hampson K, Legras R, Lundström L, Yoon G. Adaptive optics visual simulators: a review of recent optical designs and applications [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6508-6532. [PMID: 36589577 PMCID: PMC9774875 DOI: 10.1364/boe.473458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In their pioneering work demonstrating measurement and full correction of the eye's optical aberrations, Liang, Williams and Miller, [JOSA A14, 2884 (1997)10.1364/JOSAA.14.002884] showed improvement in visual performance using adaptive optics (AO). Since then, AO visual simulators have been developed to explore the spatial limits to human vision and as platforms to test non-invasively optical corrections for presbyopia, myopia, or corneal irregularities. These applications have allowed new psychophysics bypassing the optics of the eye, ranging from studying the impact of the interactions of monochromatic and chromatic aberrations on vision to neural adaptation. Other applications address new paradigms of lens designs and corrections of ocular errors. The current paper describes a series of AO visual simulators developed in laboratories around the world, key applications, and current trends and challenges. As the field moves into its second quarter century, new available technologies and a solid reception by the clinical community promise a vigorous and expanding use of AO simulation in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Marcos
- Center for Visual Sciences; The Institute of Optics and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Pablo Artal
- Laboratorio de Optica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Spain
| | - David A. Atchison
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Q, 4059, Australia
| | - Karen Hampson
- Department of Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Richard Legras
- LuMIn, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupelec, Université Paris-Saclay Orsay, 91400, France
| | - Linda Lundström
- KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Geunyoung Yoon
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, 77004, USA
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Understanding In Vivo Chromatic Aberrations in Pseudophakic Eyes Using on Bench and Computational Approaches. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9040226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) modulate chromatic aberration and reduce it at certain distances due to interactions between the refractive and diffractive chromatic components. However, the extent to which computer modeling and on bench measurements of IOL chromatic aberration translate to chromatic aberration in patients implanted with these multifocal IOLs (MIOLs) is not yet fully understood. In this study, we compare the chromatic difference of focus and longitudinal chromatic aberrations in pseudophakic patients implanted with different IOL designs (monofocal and trifocal IOLs) and materials (hydrophobic and hydrophilic), and compared them with predictions from computer eye models and on bench measurements with the same IOLs. Patient data consisted of results from 63 pseudophakic eyes reported in four different studies and obtained psychophysically in the visual testing channel of a custom-developed polychromatic adaptive optics system. Computational predictions were obtained using ray tracing on computer eye models, and modulation transfer function (MTF) on bench measurements on physical eye models. We found that LCA (in vivo/simulated) for far vision was 1.37 ± 0.08 D/1.19 D for monofocal hydrophobic, 1.21 ± 0.08 D/0.88 D for monofocal hydrophilic, 0.99 ± 0.06 D/1.19 D for MIOL hydrophobic, and 0.82 ± 0.05 D/0.88 D for MIOL hydrophilic. For intermediate and near vision, LCA (in vivo/simulated) was 0.67 ± 0.10 D/0.75 D and 0.23 ± 0.08 D/0.19 D for MIOL hydrophobic and 0.27 ± 0.15 D/0.38 D and 0.15 ± 0.15 D/−0.13 D for MIOL hydrophilic, respectively. In conclusion, computational ray tracing and on bench measurements allowed for evaluating in vivo chromatic aberration with different materials and designs for multifocal diffractive intraocular lenses.
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Aissati S, Benedi-Garcia C, Vinas M, de Castro A, Marcos S. Matching convolved images to optically blurred images on the retina. J Vis 2022; 22:12. [PMID: 35179553 PMCID: PMC8859492 DOI: 10.1167/jov.22.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Convolved images are often used to simulate the effect of ocular aberrations on image quality, where the retinal image is simulated by convolving the stimulus with the point spread function derived from the subject's aberrations. However, some studies have shown that convolved images are perceived far more degraded than the same image blurred with optical defocus. We hypothesized that the positive interactions between the monochromatic and chromatic aberrations in the eye are lost in the convolution process. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated optical and visual quality with natural optics and with convolved images (on-bench, computer simulations, and visual acuity [VA] in subjects) using a polychromatic adaptive optics system with monochromatic (555 nm) and polychromatic light (WL) illumination. The subject's aberrations were measured using a Hartmann Shack system and were used to convolve the visual stimuli, using Fourier optics. The convolved images were seen through corrected optics. VA with convolved stimuli was lower than VA through natural aberrations, particularly in WL (by 26% in WL). Our results suggest that the systematic decrease in visual performance with visual acuity and retinal image quality by simulation with convolved stimuli appears to be primarily associated with a lack of favorable interaction between chromatic and monochromatic aberrations in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aissati
- Instituto de Óptica 'Daza de Valdés', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,
| | - Clara Benedi-Garcia
- Instituto de Óptica 'Daza de Valdés', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,
| | - Maria Vinas
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,
| | - Alberto de Castro
- Instituto de Óptica 'Daza de Valdés', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,
| | - Susana Marcos
- Center for Visual Science, The Institute of Optics and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, NY, USA.,Instituto de Óptica 'Daza de Valdés', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,
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