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Smarandache A, Pirvulescu RA, Andrei IR, Dinache A, Romanitan MO, Branisteanu DC, Zemba M, Anton N, Pascu ML, Nastasa V. White Light Diffraction Phase Microscopy in Imaging of Breast and Colon Tissues. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1966. [PMID: 39272750 PMCID: PMC11394159 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14171966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper reports results obtained using white light diffraction phase microscopy (wDPM) on captured images of breast and colon tissue samples, marking a contribution to the advancement in biomedical imaging. Unlike conventional brightfield microscopy, wDPM offers the capability to capture intricate details of biological specimens with enhanced clarity and precision. It combines high resolution, enhanced contrast, and quantitative capabilities with non-invasive, label-free imaging. These features make it a useful tool for tissue imaging, providing detailed and accurate insights into tissue structure and dynamics without compromising the integrity of the samples. Our findings underscore the potential of quantitative phase imaging in histopathology, in the context of automating the process of tissue analysis and diagnosis. Of particular note are the insights gained from the reconstructed phase images, which provide physical data regarding peripheral glandular cell membranes. These observations serve to focus attention on pathologies involving the basal membrane, such as early invasive carcinoma. Through our analysis, we aim to contribute to catalyzing further advancements in tissue (breast and colon) imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Smarandache
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Ruxandra A Pirvulescu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionut-Relu Andrei
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Andra Dinache
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihaela Oana Romanitan
- Department for Emergency Internal Medicine and Neurology, Stockholm South General Hospital, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mihail Zemba
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Anton
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihail-Lucian Pascu
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Viorel Nastasa
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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2
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Wang J, Zhang M, Liu W, Kong M, Zhan M, Wu X, Wu H, Feng Z, Xu X. Method for Measuring the Three-Dimensional Morphology of Near-Wall Bubbles and Droplets Based on LED Digital Holography. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2039-2049. [PMID: 38239095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Digital holography, recognized for its noncontact nature and high precision in three-dimensional imaging, is effectively employed to measure the morphology of bubbles and droplets. However, in terms of near-wall bubbles and droplets, such as confined bubbles in microfluidic chips, the measurement of the interface morphology of bubbles near the glass surface has not yet been resolved due to the coherent noise resulting from glass surface reflections in microfluidic chips. Accordingly, an off-axis digital holography system was devised by using Linnik interferometry. Measuring the confined bubble interface near the wall within a microfluidic chip and droplet evaporation on solid surfaces was studied. Partially coherent LED sources and reference light modulation techniques were employed in the optical setup to mitigate the coherent noise. Dual exposure and weighted least-squares unwrapping algorithms were introduced to correct phase distortions, enhancing image quality. Imaging two confined CO2 bubbles was done near the wall in silicon oil within a porous microfluidic chip, and contact angles of 4.7 and 4.5° were measured. Additionally, the measurement of the three-dimensional morphology of vertically evaporating deionized water droplets on a glass surface was done, due to which calculation of contact angles at various orientations was possible. This work offers a feasible new method for measuring the 3D interface morphology of bubbles and droplets, particularly in microfluidic visualization, addressing current measurement gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqing Wang
- The Institute for Energy Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Muan Zhang
- The Institute for Energy Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Institute for Energy Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Ming Kong
- The Institute for Energy Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Mingxiu Zhan
- The Institute for Energy Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xuhui Wu
- The Institute for Energy Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- The Institute for Energy Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Feng
- The Institute for Energy Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- The Institute for Energy Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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Tahara T, Kozawa Y, Oi R. Single-path single-shot phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy without a laser light source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:1182-1194. [PMID: 35209283 DOI: 10.1364/oe.442661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose single-path single-shot phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy (SSP-DHM) in which the quantitative phase information of an object wave is acquired without a laser light source. Multiple phase-shifted holograms are simultaneously obtained using a linear polarizer, a liquid crystal on a silicon spatial light modulator (LCoS-SLM), and a polarization-imaging camera. Complex amplitude imaging of a USAF1951 test target and phase imaging of transparent HeLa cells are performed to show its quantitative phase-imaging ability. We also conduct an experiment for the motion-picture imaging of transparent particles to highlight the single-shot imaging ability of SSP-DHM.
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Chen X, Kandel ME, Popescu G. Spatial light interference microscopy: principle and applications to biomedicine. ADVANCES IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS 2021; 13:353-425. [PMID: 35494404 PMCID: PMC9048520 DOI: 10.1364/aop.417837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM), a common-path, phase-shifting interferometer, built onto a phase-contrast microscope, with white-light illumination. As one of the most sensitive quantitative phase imaging (QPI) methods, SLIM allows for speckle-free phase reconstruction with sub-nanometer path-length stability. We first review image formation in QPI, scattering, and full-field methods. Then, we outline SLIM imaging from theory and instrumentation to diffraction tomography. Zernike's phase-contrast microscopy, phase retrieval in SLIM, and halo removal algorithms are discussed. Next, we discuss the requirements for operation, with a focus on software developed in-house for SLIM that enables high-throughput acquisition, whole slide scanning, mosaic tile registration, and imaging with a color camera. We introduce two methods for solving the inverse problem using SLIM, white-light tomography, and Wolf phase tomography. Lastly, we review the applications of SLIM in basic science and clinical studies. SLIM can study cell dynamics, cell growth and proliferation, cell migration, mass transport, etc. In clinical settings, SLIM can assist with cancer studies, reproductive technology, blood testing, etc. Finally, we review an emerging trend, where SLIM imaging in conjunction with artificial intelligence brings computational specificity and, in turn, offers new solutions to outstanding challenges in cell biology and pathology.
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Fanous M, Caputo MP, Lee YJ, Rund LA, Best-Popescu C, Kandel ME, Johnson RW, Das T, Kuchan MJ, Popescu G. Quantifying myelin content in brain tissue using color Spatial Light Interference Microscopy (cSLIM). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241084. [PMID: 33211727 PMCID: PMC7676665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient myelination of the brain is associated with neurodevelopmental delays, particularly in high-risk infants, such as those born small in relation to their gestational age (SGA). New methods are needed to further study this condition. Here, we employ Color Spatial Light Interference Microscopy (cSLIM), which uses a brightfield objective and RGB camera to generate pathlength-maps with nanoscale sensitivity in conjunction with a regular brightfield image. Using tissue sections stained with Luxol Fast Blue, the myelin structures were segmented from a brightfield image. Using a binary mask, those portions were quantitatively analyzed in the corresponding phase maps. We first used the CLARITY method to remove tissue lipids and validate the sensitivity of cSLIM to lipid content. We then applied cSLIM to brain histology slices. These specimens are from a previous MRI study, which demonstrated that appropriate for gestational age (AGA) piglets have increased internal capsule myelination (ICM) compared to small for gestational age (SGA) piglets and that a hydrolyzed fat diet improved ICM in both. The identity of samples was blinded until after statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fanous
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Megan P. Caputo
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Laurie A. Rund
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology & Behavior, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Catherine Best-Popescu
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mikhail E. Kandel
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology & Behavior, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tapas Das
- Abbott Nutrition, Discovery Research, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Kuchan
- Abbott Nutrition, Strategic Research, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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You W, Lu W, Liu X. Single-shot wavelength-selective quantitative phase microscopy by partial aperture imaging and polarization-phase-division multiplexing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:34825-34834. [PMID: 33182942 DOI: 10.1364/oe.410639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a single-shot wavelength-selective quantitative phase microscopy by annular white-light illumination, polarization-phase-division, and parallel phase-shifting. Compared to conventional multi-wavelength incoherence digital holography, the proposed microscopy presents the following merits: no switching of illumination or mechanical scanning, high spatiotemporal phase sensitivity, and single-shot reconstruction at each wavelength. Experiments validate these characteristics by quantitative phase imaging of gratings, cells, and tissues.
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7
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Fanous MJ, Li Y, Kandel ME, Abdeen AA, Kilian KA, Popescu G. Effects of substrate patterning on cellular spheroid growth and dynamics measured by gradient light interference microscopy (GLIM). JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900178. [PMID: 31400294 PMCID: PMC7716417 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of three-dimensional (3D) cellular architectures during development and pathological processes involves intricate migratory patterns that are modulated by genetics and the surrounding microenvironment. The substrate composition of cell cultures has been demonstrated to influence growth, proliferation and migration in 2D. Here, we study the growth and dynamics of mouse embryonic fibroblast cultures patterned in a tissue sheet which then exhibits 3D growth. Using gradient light interference microscopy (GLIM), a label-free quantitative phase imaging approach, we explored the influence of geometry on cell growth patterns and rotational dynamics. We apply, for the first time to our knowledge, dispersion-relation phase spectroscopy (DPS) in polar coordinates to generate the radial and rotational cell mass-transport. Our data show that cells cultured on engineered substrates undergo rotational transport in a radially independent manner and exhibit faster vertical growth than the control, unpatterned cells. The use of GLIM and polar DPS provides a novel quantitative approach to studying the effects of spatially patterned substrates on cell motility and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Fanous
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Yanfen Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Mikhail E. Kandel
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Amr A. Abdeen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Correspondence: Gabriel Popescu, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
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8
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Kalenkov SG, Kalenkov GS, Shtanko AE. Self-reference hyperspectral holographic microscopy. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2019; 36:A34-A38. [PMID: 30874088 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.36.000a34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-reference hyperspectral holographic microscopy with an extended, spatially incoherent, polychromatic source is suggested and experimentally verified. The reference field is the zero-order Fourier component of the object filtered out by a ring-shaped mask placed in the Fourier plane of the optical system. A set of spectrally resolved complex amplitudes of the object is obtained on the basis of a standard microscope equipped with a Michelson interferometer. Experiments on registration of hyperspectral holograms confirming the validity of the proposed theoretical model are carried out.
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9
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Berto P, Guillon M, Bon P. Wrapping-free numerical refocusing of scalar electromagnetic fields. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:6582-6586. [PMID: 30117899 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.006582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerical refocusing in any plane is one powerful feature granted by measuring both the amplitude and the phase of a coherent light beam. Here, we introduce a method based on the first Rytov approximation of scalar electromagnetic fields that (i) allows numerical propagation without requiring phase unwrapping after propagation and (ii) limits the effect of artificial phase singularities that appear upon numerical defocusing when the measurement noise is mixing with the signal. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method with both scalar electromagnetic field simulations and real acquisitions of microscopic biological samples imaged at high numerical aperture.
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10
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Recent Progress on Aberration Compensation and Coherent Noise Suppression in Digital Holography. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Model MA, Petruccelli JC. Intracellular Macromolecules in Cell Volume Control and Methods of Their Quantification. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 81:237-289. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Agarwal S, Kumar V, Shakher C. Analysis of red blood cell parameters by Talbot-projected fringes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-8. [PMID: 29030940 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.10.106009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) anomalies are significant symptoms for identification of health disorders and several blood diseases, which involve the modification of the parameters and biophysical characteristics of such cells. The aim of this study is to measure the three-dimensional phase information of healthy RBCs and their parameters, such as cell diameter, thickness, and hemoglobin (Hb) content, using Talbot-projected fringes. The Talbot image of linear grating is projected onto an RBC slide. The deformed grating lines due to the shape and refractive index of RBCs are recorded by a CCD camera through a 20× microscope objective. Hilbert transform is used to extract the phase image from the deformed projected grating lines. Experimentally calculated values of diameter (8.2 μm), thickness (2.7 μm), and Hb content (28.7 pg/cell) are well within the limits available in the literature. The proposed system is robust and user-friendly and performs the imaging of RBCs with high axial and lateral resolution (2.19 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Agarwal
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Instrument Design Development Centre, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Instrument Design Development Centre, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandra Shakher
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Instrument Design Development Centre, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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Nguyen TH, Kandel ME, Rubessa M, Wheeler MB, Popescu G. Gradient light interference microscopy for 3D imaging of unlabeled specimens. Nat Commun 2017; 8:210. [PMID: 28785013 PMCID: PMC5547102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple scattering limits the contrast in optical imaging of thick specimens. Here, we present gradient light interference microscopy (GLIM) to extract three-dimensional information from both thin and thick unlabeled specimens. GLIM exploits a special case of low-coherence interferometry to extract phase information from the specimen, which in turn can be used to measure cell mass, volume, surface area, and their evolutions in time. Because it combines multiple intensity images that correspond to controlled phase shifts between two interfering waves, gradient light interference microscopy is capable of suppressing the incoherent background due to multiple scattering. GLIM can potentially become a valuable tool for in vitro fertilization, where contrast agents and fluorophores may impact the viability of the embryo. Since GLIM is implemented as an add-on module to an existing inverted microscope, we anticipate that it will be adopted rapidly by the biological community. Challenges in biological imaging include labeling, photobleaching and phototoxicity, as well as light scattering. Here, Nguyen et al. develop a quantitative phase method that uses low-coherence interferometry for label-free 3D imaging in scattering tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan H Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Mikhail E Kandel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Marcello Rubessa
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Matthew B Wheeler
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801, USA.
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14
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Deng D, Peng J, Qu W, Wu Y, Liu X, He W, Peng X. Simple and flexible phase compensation for digital holographic microscopy with electrically tunable lens. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:6007-6014. [PMID: 29047923 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.006007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a digital holographic microscopy (DHM) system, different microscope objectives (MOs) will introduce different phase distortions and thus lead to measurement errors. To address this problem, we present a simple and flexible method to compensate all phase distortions by introducing an electrically tunable lens (ETL) in the reference arm for a DHM system with multiple MOs. By exactly controlling the external currents of the ETL, we can change the reference wave front to match the wave front introduced by different MOs without complex alignment or additional numerical postprocessing manipulations. This method is suitable for quantitative real-time phase imaging especially when it refers to multiple MOs. To demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of our scheme, we did a series of simulations and carried out some real experiments with two different MOs (4× and 10×).
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15
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McReynolds N, Cooke FGM, Chen M, Powis SJ, Dholakia K. Multimodal discrimination of immune cells using a combination of Raman spectroscopy and digital holographic microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43631. [PMID: 28256551 PMCID: PMC5335250 DOI: 10.1038/srep43631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to identify and characterise individual cells of the immune system under label-free conditions would be a significant advantage in biomedical and clinical studies where untouched and unmodified cells are required. We present a multi-modal system capable of simultaneously acquiring both single point Raman spectra and digital holographic images of single cells. We use this combined approach to identify and discriminate between immune cell populations CD4+ T cells, B cells and monocytes. We investigate several approaches to interpret the phase images including signal intensity histograms and texture analysis. Both modalities are independently able to discriminate between cell subsets and dual-modality may therefore be used a means for validation. We demonstrate here sensitivities achieved in the range of 86.8% to 100%, and specificities in the range of 85.4% to 100%. Additionally each modality provides information not available from the other providing both a molecular and a morphological signature of each cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi McReynolds
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona G M Cooke
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Mingzhou Chen
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Powis
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
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16
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Kandel ME, Teng KW, Selvin PR, Popescu G. Label-Free Imaging of Single Microtubule Dynamics Using Spatial Light Interference Microscopy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:647-655. [PMID: 27997798 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to their diameter, of only 24 nm, single microtubules are extremely challenging to image without the use of extrinsic contrast agents. As a result, fluorescence tagging is the common method to visualize their motility. However, such investigation is limited by photobleaching and phototoxicity. We experimentally demonstrate the capability of combining label-free spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) with numerical processing for imaging single microtubules in a gliding assay. SLIM combines four different intensity images to obtain the optical path length map associated with the sample. Because of the use of broadband fields, the sensitivity to path length is better than 1 nm without (temporal) averaging and better than 0.1 nm upon averaging. Our results indicate that SLIM can image the dynamics of microtubules in a full field of view, of 200 × 200 μm2, over many hours. Modeling the microtubule transport via the diffusion-advection equation, we found that the dispersion relation yields the standard deviation of the velocity distribution, without the need for tracking individual tubes. Interestingly, during a 2 h window, the microtubules begin to decelerate, at 100 pm/s2 over a 20 min period. Thus, SLIM is likely to serve as a useful tool for understanding molecular motor activity, especially over large time scales, where fluorescence methods are of limited utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E Kandel
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Center for the Physics of Living Cells, §Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, ∥Department of Physics, and ⊥Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kai Wen Teng
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Center for the Physics of Living Cells, §Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, ∥Department of Physics, and ⊥Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul R Selvin
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Center for the Physics of Living Cells, §Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, ∥Department of Physics, and ⊥Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Center for the Physics of Living Cells, §Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, ∥Department of Physics, and ⊥Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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17
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Coquoz S, Nahas A, Sison M, Lopez A, Lasser T. High-speed phase-shifting common-path quantitative phase imaging with a piezoelectric actuator. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:126019. [PMID: 28009028 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.126019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a phase-shifting quantitative phase imaging technique providing high temporal and spatial phase stability and high acquisition speed. A piezoelectric microfabricated phase modulator allows tunable modulation frequencies up to the kHz range. After assessing the quantitative phase accuracy with technical samples, we demonstrate the high acquisition rate while monitoring cellular processes at temporal scales ranging from milliseconds to hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Coquoz
- Laboratoire d'Optique Biomédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amir Nahas
- Laboratoire d'Optique Biomédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Sison
- Laboratoire d'Optique Biomédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Lopez
- Laboratoire d'Optique Biomédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Theo Lasser
- Laboratoire d'Optique Biomédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Li J, Chen Q, Sun J, Zhang J, Zuo C. Multimodal computational microscopy based on transport of intensity equation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:126003. [PMID: 27918802 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.126003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transport of intensity equation (TIE) is a powerful tool for phase retrieval and quantitative phase imaging, which requires intensity measurements only at axially closely spaced planes without a separate reference beam. It does not require coherent illumination and works well on conventional bright-field microscopes. The quantitative phase reconstructed by TIE gives valuable information that has been encoded in the complex wave field by passage through a sample of interest. Such information may provide tremendous flexibility to emulate various microscopy modalities computationally without requiring specialized hardware components. We develop a requisite theory to describe such a hybrid computational multimodal imaging system, which yields quantitative phase, Zernike phase contrast, differential interference contrast, and light field moment imaging, simultaneously. It makes the various observations for biomedical samples easy. Then we give the experimental demonstration of these ideas by time-lapse imaging of live HeLa cell mitosis. Experimental results verify that a tunable lens-based TIE system, combined with the appropriate postprocessing algorithm, can achieve a variety of promising imaging modalities in parallel with the quantitative phase images for the dynamic study of cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Li
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory, XiaoLingWei Street No. 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, ChinabNanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sense, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sense, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China
| | - Jiasong Sun
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory, XiaoLingWei Street No. 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, ChinabNanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sense, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory, XiaoLingWei Street No. 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, ChinabNanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sense, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory, XiaoLingWei Street No. 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, ChinabNanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sense, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China
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19
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Lu H, Chung J, Ou X, Yang C. Quantitative phase imaging and complex field reconstruction by pupil modulation differential phase contrast. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:25345-25361. [PMID: 27828473 PMCID: PMC5234501 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.025345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Differential phase contrast (DPC) is a non-interferometric quantitative phase imaging method achieved by using an asymmetric imaging procedure. We report a pupil modulation differential phase contrast (PMDPC) imaging method by filtering a sample's Fourier domain with half-circle pupils. A phase gradient image is captured with each half-circle pupil, and a quantitative high resolution phase image is obtained after a deconvolution process with a minimum of two phase gradient images. Here, we introduce PMDPC quantitative phase image reconstruction algorithm and realize it experimentally in a 4f system with an SLM placed at the pupil plane. In our current experimental setup with the numerical aperture of 0.36, we obtain a quantitative phase image with a resolution of 1.73μm after computationally removing system aberrations and refocusing. We also extend the depth of field digitally by 20 times to ±50μm with a resolution of 1.76μm.
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20
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Bianco V, Memmolo P, Paturzo M, Finizio A, Javidi B, Ferraro P. Quasi noise-free digital holography. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16142. [PMID: 30167185 PMCID: PMC6059929 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the main drawbacks of Digital Holography (DH) is the coherent nature of the light source, which severely corrupts the quality of holographic reconstructions. Although numerous techniques to reduce noise in DH have provided good results, holographic noise suppression remains a challenging task. We propose a novel framework that combines the concepts of encoding multiple uncorrelated digital holograms, block grouping and collaborative filtering to achieve quasi noise-free DH reconstructions. The optimized joint action of these different image-denoising methods permits the removal of up to 98% of the noise while preserving the image contrast. The resulting quality of the hologram reconstructions is comparable to the quality achievable with non-coherent techniques and far beyond the current state of art in DH. Experimental validation is provided for both single-wavelength and multi-wavelength DH, and a comparison with the most used holographic denoising methods is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Bianco
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems ”E. Caianiello”, Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems ”E. Caianiello”, Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
- E-mail:
| | - Melania Paturzo
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems ”E. Caianiello”, Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Andrea Finizio
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems ”E. Caianiello”, Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Bahram Javidi
- ECE Department, University of Connecticut, U-157, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems ”E. Caianiello”, Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
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21
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Pandiyan VP, John R. Optofluidic bioimaging platform for quantitative phase imaging of lab on a chip devices using digital holographic microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:A54-A59. [PMID: 26835958 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.000a54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a versatile 3D phase-imaging microscope platform for real-time imaging of optomicrofluidic devices based on the principle of digital holographic microscopy (DHM). Lab-on-chip microfluidic devices fabricated on transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glass substrates have attained wide popularity in biological sensing applications. However, monitoring, visualization, and characterization of microfluidic devices, microfluidic flows, and the biochemical kinetics happening in these devices is difficult due to the lack of proper techniques for real-time imaging and analysis. The traditional bright-field microscopic techniques fail in imaging applications, as the microfluidic channels and the fluids carrying biological samples are transparent and not visible in bright light. Phase-based microscopy techniques that can image the phase of the microfluidic channel and changes in refractive indices due to the fluids and biological samples present in the channel are ideal for imaging the fluid flow dynamics in a microfluidic channel at high resolutions. This paper demonstrates three-dimensional imaging of a microfluidic device with nanometric depth precisions and high SNR. We demonstrate imaging of microelectrodes of nanometric thickness patterned on glass substrate and the microfluidic channel. Three-dimensional imaging of a transparent PDMS optomicrofluidic channel, fluid flow, and live yeast cell flow in this channel has been demonstrated using DHM. We also quantify the average velocity of fluid flow through the channel. In comparison to any conventional bright-field microscope, the 3D depth information in the images illustrated in this work carry much information about the biological system under observation. The results demonstrated in this paper prove the high potential of DHM in imaging optofluidic devices; detection of pathogens, cells, and bioanalytes on lab-on-chip devices; and in studying microfluidic dynamics in real time based on phase changes.
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22
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Jenkins MH, Gaylord TK. Quantitative phase microscopy via optimized inversion of the phase optical transfer function. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:8566-79. [PMID: 26479636 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.008566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although the field of quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has wide-ranging biomedical applicability, many QPI methods are not well-suited for such applications due to their reliance on coherent illumination and specialized hardware. By contrast, methods utilizing partially coherent illumination have the potential to promote the widespread adoption of QPI due to their compatibility with microscopy, which is ubiquitous in the biomedical community. Described herein is a new defocus-based reconstruction method that utilizes a small number of efficiently sampled micrographs to optimally invert the partially coherent phase optical transfer function under assumptions of weak absorption and slowly varying phase. Simulation results are provided that compare the performance of this method with similar algorithms and demonstrate compatibility with large phase objects. The accuracy of the method is validated experimentally using a microlens array as a test phase object. Lastly, time-lapse images of live adherent cells are obtained with an off-the-shelf microscope, thus demonstrating the new method's potential for extending QPI capability widely in the biomedical community.
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23
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Arbel E, Bilenca A. Quantitative reflection phase mesoscopy by remote coherence tuning of phase-shift interference patterns. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26216719 PMCID: PMC4517165 DOI: 10.1038/srep12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional low-magnification phase-contrast microscopy is an invaluable, yet a qualitative, imaging tool for the interrogation of transparent objects over a mesoscopic millimeter-scale field-of-view in physical and biological settings. Here, we demonstrate that introducing a compact, unbalanced phase-shifting Michelson interferometer into a standard reflected brightfield microscope equipped with low-power infinity-corrected objectives and white light illumination forms a phase mesoscope that retrieves remotely and quantitatively the reflection phase distribution of thin, transparent, and weakly scattering samples with high temporal (1.38 nm) and spatial (0.87 nm) axial-displacement sensitivity and micrometer lateral resolution (2.3 μm) across a mesoscopic field-of-view (2.25 × 1.19 mm2). Using the system, we evaluate the etch-depth uniformity of a large-area nanometer-thick glass grating and show quantitative mesoscopic maps of the optical thickness of human cancer cells without any area scanning. Furthermore, we provide proof-of-principle of the utility of the system for the quantitative monitoring of fluid dynamics within a wide region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Arbel
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 1 Ben Gurion Blvd, Be'er-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Alberto Bilenca
- 1] Biomedical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 1 Ben Gurion Blvd, Be'er-Sheva 8410501, Israel [2] Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 1 Ben Gurion Blvd, Be'er-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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24
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Doblas A, Hincapie-Zuluaga D, Saavedra G, Martínez-Corral M, Garcia-Sucerquia J. Physical compensation of phase curvature in digital holographic microscopy by use of programmable liquid lens. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:5229-5233. [PMID: 26192688 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.005229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase measurements obtained with digital holographic microscopes are strongly dependent on the optical arrangement of the imaging system. The nontelecentric operation provides phase measurements affected by a parabolic phase factor and requires numerical postprocessing, which does not always remove all the perturbation. Accurate phase measurements are achieved by using the imaging system in telecentric mode. Unfortunately, this condition is not accomplished when a commercial microscope is used as the imaging system. In this paper, we present an approach for obtaining accurate phase measurements in nontelecentric imaging systems without the need for numerical postprocessing. The method uses an electrically tunable liquid lens to illuminate the sample so that the perturbing parabolic wavefront is cancelled out. Experimental holograms of a Fresnel lens and a section of the thorax of a Drosophila melanogaster fly are captured to verify the proposed method.
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25
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Zuo C, Sun J, Zhang J, Hu Y, Chen Q. Lensless phase microscopy and diffraction tomography with multi-angle and multi-wavelength illuminations using a LED matrix. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:14314-28. [PMID: 26072796 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.014314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate lensless quantitative phase microscopy and diffraction tomography based on a compact on-chip platform, using only a CMOS image sensor and a programmable color LED matrix. Based on the multi-wavelength phase retrieval and multi-angle illumination diffraction tomography, this platform offers high quality, depth resolved images with a lateral resolution of 3.72μm and an axial resolution of 5μm, across a wide field-of-view of 24mm2. We experimentally demonstrate the success of our method by imaging cheek cells, micro-beads, and fertilized eggs of Parascaris equorum. Such high-throughput and miniaturized imaging device can provide a cost-effective tool for telemedicine applications and point-of-care diagnostics in resource-limited environments.
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26
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Shang R, Chen S, Li C, Zhu Y. Spectral modulation interferometry for quantitative phase imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:473-9. [PMID: 25780737 PMCID: PMC4354583 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a spectral-domain interferometric technique, termed spectral modulation interferometry (SMI), and present its application to high-sensitivity, high-speed, and speckle-free quantitative phase imaging. In SMI, one-dimensional complex field of an object is interferometrically modulated onto a broadband spectrum. Full-field phase and intensity images are obtained by scanning along the orthogonal direction. SMI integrates the high sensitivity of spectral-domain interferometry with the high speed of spectral modulation to quantify fast phase dynamics, and its dispersive and confocal nature eliminates laser speckles. The principle and implementation of SMI are discussed. Its performance is evaluated using static and dynamic objects.
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27
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Bon P, Lécart S, Fort E, Lévêque-Fort S. Fast label-free cytoskeletal network imaging in living mammalian cells. Biophys J 2014; 106:1588-95. [PMID: 24739158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a full-field technique that allows label-free cytoskeletal network imaging inside living cells. This noninvasive technique allows monitoring of the cytoskeleton dynamics as well as interactions between the latter and organelles on any timescale. It is based on high-resolution quantitative phase imaging (modified Quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry) and can be directly implemented using any optical microscope without modification. We demonstrate the capability of our setup on fixed and living Chinese hamster ovary cells, showing the cytoskeleton dynamics in lamellipodia during protrusion and mitochondria displacement along the cytoskeletal network. In addition, using the quantitative function of the technique, along with simulation tools, we determined the refractive index of a single tubulin microtubule to be ntubu=2.36±0.6 at λ=527 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bon
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orsay, France.
| | - Sandrine Lécart
- Centre de photonique Biomédicale, University Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Fort
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lévêque-Fort
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orsay, France; Centre de photonique Biomédicale, University Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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28
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Tychinsky VP. Extension of the concept of an anomalous water component to images of T-cell organelles. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:126008. [PMID: 25500678 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.12.126008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic images of a living cell are the main source of information on its functional state. Modern interference microscopy techniques allow the numerical parameters of cell images to be obtained with an accuracy not available with other methods. Quantitative analysis of phase images of T lymphocytes (TCs) in different functional states demonstrated that variations of the properties of intracellular water should be taken into account. This conclusion agrees with the current view that the physical parameters of water, including the refractive index (RI) of a water layer, depend on the hydrophilicity and other characteristics of the adjacent surface. Application of this concept to phase images of TCs showed that the contribution of the fourth phase of water (4-water) or the structured water component, which has an increased RI, should be considered. The proportion of 4-water depends on the functional state of the cell determined by the culture medium composition. Normally, the proportion of 4-water in organelles is as high as 30%; it is considerably lower in organelles of cells with inhibited metabolism.
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29
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Schubert R, Vollmer A, Ketelhut S, Kemper B. Enhanced quantitative phase imaging in self-interference digital holographic microscopy using an electrically focus tunable lens. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:4213-22. [PMID: 25574433 PMCID: PMC4285600 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.004213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-interference digital holographic microscopy (DHM) has been found particular suitable for simplified quantitative phase imaging of living cells. However, a main drawback of the self-interference DHM principle are scattering patterns that are induced by the coherent nature of the laser light which affect the resolution for detection of optical path length changes. We present a simple and efficient technique for the reduction of coherent disturbances in quantitative phase images. Therefore, amplitude and phase of the sample illumination are modulated by an electrically focus tunable lens. The proposed method is in particular convenient with the self-interference DHM concept. Results from the characterization of the method show that a reduction of coherence induced disturbances up to 70 percent can be achieved. Finally, the performance for enhanced quantitative imaging of living cells is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schubert
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Muenster,
Germany
- George Huntington Institute, Johann-Krane-Weg 27, D-48149 Muenster,
Germany
| | - Angelika Vollmer
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Muenster,
Germany
| | - Steffi Ketelhut
- Biomedical Technology Center, University of Muenster, Mendelstr. 17, D-48149 Muenster,
Germany
| | - Björn Kemper
- Biomedical Technology Center, University of Muenster, Mendelstr. 17, D-48149 Muenster,
Germany
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30
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Optical assay of erythrocyte function in banked blood. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6211. [PMID: 25189281 PMCID: PMC4650916 DOI: 10.1038/srep06211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stored red blood cells undergo numerous biochemical, structural, and functional changes, commonly referred to as storage lesion. How much these changes impede the ability of erythrocytes to perform their function and, as result, impact clinical outcomes in transfusion patients is unknown. In this study we investigate the effect of the storage on the erythrocyte membrane deformability and morphology. Using optical interferometry we imaged red blood cell (RBC) topography with nanometer sensitivity. Our time-lapse imaging quantifies membrane fluctuations at the nanometer scale, which in turn report on cell stiffness. This property directly impacts the cell's ability to transport oxygen in microvasculature. Interestingly, we found that cells which apparently maintain their normal shape (discocyte) throughout the storage period, stiffen progressively with storage time. By contrast, static parameters, such as mean cell hemoglobin content and morphology do not change during the same period. We propose that our method can be used as an effective assay for monitoring erythrocyte functionality during storage time.
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31
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Bon P, Aknoun S, Monneret S, Wattellier B. Enhanced 3D spatial resolution in quantitative phase microscopy using spatially incoherent illumination. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:8654-71. [PMID: 24718236 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.008654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe the use of spatially incoherent illumination to make quantitative phase imaging of a semi-transparent sample, even out of the paraxial approximation. The image volume electromagnetic field is collected by scanning the image planes with a quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer, while the sample is spatially incoherently illuminated. In comparison to coherent quantitative phase measurements, incoherent illumination enriches the 3D collected spatial frequencies leading to 3D resolution increase (up to a factor 2). The image contrast loss introduced by the incoherent illumination is simulated and used to compensate the measurements. This restores the quantitative value of phase and intensity. Experimental contrast loss compensation and 3D resolution increase is presented using polystyrene and TiO(2) micro-beads. Our approach will be useful to make diffraction tomography reconstruction with a simplified setup.
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32
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Doblas A, Sánchez-Ortiga E, Martínez-Corral M, Saavedra G, Garcia-Sucerquia J. Accurate single-shot quantitative phase imaging of biological specimens with telecentric digital holographic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:046022. [PMID: 24781590 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.4.046022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The advantages of using a telecentric imaging system in digital holographic microscopy (DHM) to study biological specimens are highlighted. To this end, the performances of nontelecentric DHM and telecentric DHM are evaluated from the quantitative phase imaging (QPI) point of view. The evaluated stability of the microscope allows single-shot QPI in DHM by using telecentric imaging systems. Quantitative phase maps of a section of the head of the drosophila melanogaster fly and of red blood cells are obtained via single-shot DHM with no numerical postprocessing. With these maps we show that the use of telecentric DHM provides larger field of view for a given magnification and permits more accurate QPI measurements with less number of computational operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Doblas
- University of Valencia, 3D Imaging and Display Laboratory, Department of Optics, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Emilio Sánchez-Ortiga
- University of Valencia, 3D Imaging and Display Laboratory, Department of Optics, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Corral
- University of Valencia, 3D Imaging and Display Laboratory, Department of Optics, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Genaro Saavedra
- University of Valencia, 3D Imaging and Display Laboratory, Department of Optics, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Jorge Garcia-Sucerquia
- University of Valencia, 3D Imaging and Display Laboratory, Department of Optics, E-46100 Burjassot, SpainbUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellin, School of Physics, A.A. 3840, Medellin 050034, Colombia
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33
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Edwards C, Bhaduri B, Nguyen T, Griffin BG, Pham H, Kim T, Popescu G, Goddard LL. Effects of spatial coherence in diffraction phase microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:5133-5146. [PMID: 24663853 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.005133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging systems using white light illumination can exhibit lower noise figures than laser-based systems. However, they can also suffer from object-dependent artifacts, such as halos, which prevent accurate reconstruction of the surface topography. In this work, we show that white light diffraction phase microscopy using a standard halogen lamp can produce accurate height maps of even the most challenging structures provided that there is proper spatial filtering at: 1) the condenser to ensure adequate spatial coherence and 2) the output Fourier plane to produce a uniform reference beam. We explain that these object-dependent artifacts are a high-pass filtering phenomenon, establish design guidelines to reduce the artifacts, and then apply these guidelines to eliminate the halo effect. Since a spatially incoherent source requires significant spatial filtering, the irradiance is lower and proportionally longer exposure times are needed. To circumvent this tradeoff, we demonstrate that a supercontinuum laser, due to its high radiance, can provide accurate measurements with reduced exposure times, allowing for fast dynamic measurements.
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34
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Dohet-Eraly J, Yourassowsky C, Dubois F. Refocusing based on amplitude analysis in color digital holographic microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:1109-1112. [PMID: 24690683 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A refocusing criterion adapted to red-green-blue (RGB) digital holographic microscopy is established. It is applicable for both amplitude and phase objects. This color criterion is based on a monochromatic criterion, using the integrated modulus amplitude. Simulated RGB holograms show the value of having color information, even for colorless samples; in addition, the position of the focus plane along the optical axis is determined more accurately. Simulations take into account both the numerical apertures of lenses and noise during the holographic process. We also implement an algorithm exponentially reducing the computation time required for detecting the focus plane. The method is validated on experimental holograms.
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Sencan I, Coskun AF, Sikora U, Ozcan A. Spectral demultiplexing in holographic and fluorescent on-chip microscopy. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3760. [PMID: 24441627 PMCID: PMC3895906 DOI: 10.1038/srep03760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lensfree on-chip imaging and sensing platforms provide compact and cost-effective designs for various telemedicine and lab-on-a-chip applications. In this work, we demonstrate computational solutions for some of the challenges associated with (i) the use of broadband, partially-coherent illumination sources for on-chip holographic imaging, and (ii) multicolor detection for lensfree fluorescent on-chip microscopy. Specifically, we introduce spectral demultiplexing approaches that aim to digitally narrow the spectral content of broadband illumination sources (such as wide-band light emitting diodes or even sunlight) to improve spatial resolution in holographic on-chip microscopy. We also demonstrate the application of such spectral demultiplexing approaches for wide-field imaging of multicolor fluorescent objects on a chip. These computational approaches can be used to replace e.g., thin-film interference filters, gratings or other optical components used for spectral multiplexing/demultiplexing, which can form a desirable solution for cost-effective and compact wide-field microscopy and sensing needs on a chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikbal Sencan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ahmet F Coskun
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Uzair Sikora
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- 1] Electrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America [2] Bioengineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America [3] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Shipp DW, Qian R, Berger AJ. Angular-domain scattering interferometry. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:4750-4753. [PMID: 24322123 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present an angular-scattering optical method that is capable of measuring the mean size of scatterers in static ensembles within a field of view less than 20 μm in diameter. Using interferometry, the method overcomes the inability of intensity-based models to tolerate the large speckle grains associated with such small illumination areas. By first estimating each scatterer's location, the method can model between-scatterer interference as well as traditional single-particle Mie scattering. Direct angular-domain measurements provide finer angular resolution than digitally transformed image-plane recordings. This increases sensitivity to size-dependent scattering features, enabling more robust size estimates. The sensitivity of these angular-scattering measurements to various sizes of polystyrene beads is demonstrated. Interferometry also allows recovery of the full complex scattered field, including a size-dependent phase profile in the angular-scattering pattern.
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Zuo C, Chen Q, Qu W, Asundi A. High-speed transport-of-intensity phase microscopy with an electrically tunable lens. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:24060-75. [PMID: 24104315 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.024060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-speed transport-of-intensity equation (TIE) quantitative phase microscopy technique, named TL-TIE, by combining an electrically tunable lens with a conventional transmission microscope. This permits the specimen at different focus position to be imaged in rapid succession, with constant magnification and no physically moving parts. The simplified image stack collection significantly reduces the acquisition time, allows for the diffraction-limited through-focus intensity stack collection at 15 frames per second, making dynamic TIE phase imaging possible. The technique is demonstrated by profiling of microlens array using optimal frequency selection scheme, and time-lapse imaging of live breast cancer cells by inversion the defocused phase optical transfer function to correct the phase blurring in traditional TIE. Experimental results illustrate its outstanding capability of the technique for quantitative phase imaging, through a simple, non-interferometric, high-speed, high-resolution, and unwrapping-free approach with prosperous applications in micro-optics, life sciences and bio-photonics.
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Mertz J, Potma EO. Introduction to the Novel Techniques in Microscopy feature issue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2207-2208. [PMID: 24156076 PMCID: PMC3799678 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The editors introduce the feature issue on "Novel Techniques in Microscopy", which was the topic of a symposium held on April 14-18, 2013, in Waikoloa Beach, HI. This symposium was part of the Optics in the Life Sciences Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Mertz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eric O. Potma
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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