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Liu Y, Duan Z, Yuan J, Xiao P. Imaging assessment of conjunctival goblet cells in dry eye disease. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:576-588. [PMID: 38553944 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a widespread, multifactorial, and chronic disorder of the ocular surface with disruption of tear film homeostasis as its core trait. Conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) are specialised secretory cells found in the conjunctival epithelium that participate in tear film formation by secreting mucin. Changes in both the structure and function of CGCs are hallmarks of DED, and imaging assessment of CGCs is important for the diagnosis, classification, and severity evaluation of DED. Existing imaging methods include conjunctival biopsy, conjunctival impression cytology and in vivo confocal microscopy, which can be used to assess the morphology, distribution, and density of the CGCs. Recently, moxifloxacin-based fluorescence microscopy has emerged as a novel technique that enables efficient, non-invasive and in vivo imaging of CGCs. This article presents a comprehensive overview of both the structure and function of CGCs and their alterations in the context of DED, as well as current methods of CGCs imaging assessment. Additionally, potential directions for the visual evaluation of CGCs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Nam K, Park N, Lee S, Jeon S, Lee J, Hong SM, Hwang SW, Park SH, Yang DH, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Yang SK, Lee JH, Kim DH, Kim KH, Myung SJ. Feasibility of moxifloxacin and proflavine dual fluorescence imaging for detecting gastrointestinal neoplastic lesions: A prospective study. Lasers Surg Med 2023; 55:378-389. [PMID: 36802075 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-contrast and high-resolution imaging techniques would enable real-time sensitive detection of the gastrointestinal lesions. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of novel dual fluorescence imaging using moxifloxacin and proflavine in the detection of neoplastic lesions of the human gastrointestinal tract. METHODS Patients with the colonic and gastric neoplastic lesions were prospectively enrolled. The lesions were biopsied with forceps or endoscopically resected. Dual fluorescence imaging was performed by using custom axially swept wide-field fluorescence microscopy after topical moxifloxacin and proflavine instillation. Imaging results were compared with both confocal imaging with cell labeling and conventional histological examination. RESULTS Ten colonic samples (one normal mucosa, nine adenomas) from eight patients and six gastric samples (one normal mucosa, five adenomas) from four patients were evaluated. Dual fluorescence imaging visualized detail cellular structures. Regular glandular structures with polarized cell arrangement were observed in normal mucosa. Goblet cells were preserved in normal colonic mucosa. Irregular glandular structures with scanty cytoplasm and dispersed elongated nuclei were observed in adenomas. Goblet cells were scarce or lost in the colonic lesions. Similarity analysis between moxifloxacin and proflavine imaging showed relatively high correlation values in adenoma compared with those in normal mucosa. Dual fluorescence imaging showed good detection accuracies of 82.3% and 86.0% in the colonic and the gastric lesions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS High-contrast and high-resolution dual fluorescence imaging was feasible for obtaining detail histopathological information in the gastrointestinal neoplastic lesions. Further studies are needed to develop dual fluorescence imaging as an in vivo real-time visual diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangwoo Nam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Noseong Park
- Division of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Suil Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jungbin Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Division of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,EDIS Biotech, Seoul, South Korea
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