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Wu PJ, Tseng HC, Chao CC, Liao YH, Yen CT, Lin WY, Hsieh ST, Sun WZ, Sun CK. Discontinuity third harmonic generation microscopy for label-free imaging and quantification of intraepidermal nerve fibers. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100735. [PMID: 38503290 PMCID: PMC10985268 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Label-free imaging methodologies for nerve fibers rely on spatial signal continuity to identify fibers and fail to image free intraepidermal nerve endings (FINEs). Here, we present an imaging methodology-called discontinuity third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy (dTHGM)-that detects three-dimensional discontinuities in THG signals as the contrast. We describe the mechanism and design of dTHGM and apply it to reveal the bead-string characteristics of unmyelinated FINEs. We confirmed the label-free capability of dTHGM through a comparison study with the PGP9.5 immunohistochemical staining slides and a longitudinal spared nerve injury study. An intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) index based on a discontinuous-dot-connecting algorithm was developed to facilitate clinical applications of dTHGM. A preliminary clinical study confirmed that the IENF index was highly correlated with skin-biopsy-based IENF density (Pearson's correlation coefficient R = 0.98) and could achieve differential identification of small-fiber neuropathy (p = 0.0102) in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jhe Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chieh Tseng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chao Chao
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tung Yen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100225, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Zen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100225, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Xing Y, Chen R, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhang S, Diao X, Liu Y, Shi Y, Wei Z, Chang G. SLAM medical imaging enabled by pre-chirp and gain jointly managed Yb-fiber laser. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:911-923. [PMID: 38404349 PMCID: PMC10890883 DOI: 10.1364/boe.506915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a pre-chirp and gain jointly managed Yb-fiber laser that drives simultaneous label-free autofluorescence-multiharmonic (SLAM) medical imaging. We show that a gain managed Yb-fiber amplifier produces high-quality compressed pulses when the seeding pulses exhibit proper negative pre-chirp. The resulting laser source can generate 43-MHz, 34-fs pulses centered at 1110 nm with more than 90-nJ energy. We apply this ultrafast source to SLAM imaging of cellular and extracellular components in various human tissues of intestinal adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runzhi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaobing Chen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xincai Diao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yishi Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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Liu C, Wu PJ, Chia SH, Sun CK, Liao YH. Characterization of picosecond laser-induced optical breakdown using harmonic generation microscopy. Lasers Surg Med 2023. [PMID: 37051896 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES By creating microinjuries usually confined to the epidermis, a fractional picosecond 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser that delivers an array of highly focused beamlets can be effectively used for facial rejuvenation or resurfacing. However, the mechanism of dermal remodeling underlying this nonablative treatment remains unclear. METHODS Five participants having skin phototype III-IV were recruited for intervention using a fractional picosecond 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser system equipped with a holographic diffractive beam-splitting optic. The laser-induced histopathological changes on human skin were examined in vivo using a harmonic generation microscopy (HGM), visualizing second harmonic generation (SHG), and third harmonic generation (THG) contrasts dichromatically. SHG refers for collagen distribution, while THG represents for epidermal components in the HGM signal. RESULTS Histological hematoxylin and eosin staining and in vivo HGM imaging studies revealed the presence of epidermal vacuoles below the stratum granulosum along with keratinocyte degeneration or cytolysis. In addition to the epidermal vacuoles, HGM imaging exclusively demonstrated laser-induced shock wave propagation arranged as a THG-bright concentric pattern in the epidermis and loss of SHG signals in the papillary dermis immediately beneath the epidermal vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS Alongside generating epidermal vacuoles, the fractional picosecond 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser induced collagen changes. These collagen changes may lead to dermal remodeling and neocollagenesis underlying the fractional picosecond laser treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Liu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jhe Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Chia
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bishop KW, Maitland KC, Rajadhyaksha M, Liu JTC. In vivo microscopy as an adjunctive tool to guide detection, diagnosis, and treatment. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-220032-PER. [PMID: 35478042 PMCID: PMC9043840 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.4.040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There have been numerous academic and commercial efforts to develop high-resolution in vivo microscopes for a variety of clinical use cases, including early disease detection and surgical guidance. While many high-profile studies, commercialized products, and publications have resulted from these efforts, mainstream clinical adoption has been relatively slow other than for a few clinical applications (e.g., dermatology). AIM Here, our goals are threefold: (1) to introduce and motivate the need for in vivo microscopy (IVM) as an adjunctive tool for clinical detection, diagnosis, and treatment, (2) to discuss the key translational challenges facing the field, and (3) to propose best practices and recommendations to facilitate clinical adoption. APPROACH We will provide concrete examples from various clinical domains, such as dermatology, oral/gastrointestinal oncology, and neurosurgery, to reinforce our observations and recommendations. RESULTS While the incremental improvement and optimization of IVM technologies should and will continue to occur, future translational efforts would benefit from the following: (1) integrating clinical and industry partners upfront to define and maintain a compelling value proposition, (2) identifying multimodal/multiscale imaging workflows, which are necessary for success in most clinical scenarios, and (3) developing effective artificial intelligence tools for clinical decision support, tempered by a realization that complete adoption of such tools will be slow. CONCLUSIONS The convergence of imaging modalities, academic-industry-clinician partnerships, and new computational capabilities has the potential to catalyze rapid progress and adoption of IVM in the next few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Bishop
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Kristen C. Maitland
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Milind Rajadhyaksha
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jonathan T. C. Liu
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Address all correspondence to Jonathan T.C. Liu,
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