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Zhu Y, Zhu L, Lim Y, Makita S, Guo Y, Yasuno Y. Multiple scattering suppression for in vivo optical coherence tomography measurement using the B-scan-wise multi-focus averaging method. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4044-4064. [PMID: 39022550 PMCID: PMC11249682 DOI: 10.1364/boe.524894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method that reduces the noise caused by multi-scattering (MS) photons in an in vivo optical coherence tomography image. This method combines a specially designed image acquisition (i.e., optical coherence tomography scan) scheme and subsequent complex signal processing. For the acquisition, multiple cross-sectional images (frames) are sequentially acquired while the depth position of the focus is altered for each frame by an electrically tunable lens. In the signal processing, the frames are numerically defocus-corrected, and complex averaged. Because of the inconsistency in the MS-photon trajectories among the different electrically tunable lens-induced defocus, this averaging reduces the MS signal. Unlike the previously demonstrated volume-wise multi-focus averaging method, our approach requires the sample to remain stable for only a brief period, approximately 70 ms, thus making it compatible with in vivo imaging. This method was validated using a scattering phantom and in vivo unanesthetized small fish samples, and was found to reduce MS noise even for unanesthetized in vivo measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba
, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lida Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba
, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yiheng Lim
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba
, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba
, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yu Guo
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba
, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba
, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Seesan T, Mukherjee P, Abd El-Sadek I, Lim Y, Zhu L, Makita S, Yasuno Y. Optical-coherence-tomography-based deep-learning scatterer-density estimator using physically accurate noise model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2832-2848. [PMID: 38855681 PMCID: PMC11161371 DOI: 10.1364/boe.519743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a deep-learning-based scatterer density estimator (SDE) that processes local speckle patterns of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and estimates the scatterer density behind each speckle pattern. The SDE is trained using large quantities of numerically simulated OCT images and their associated scatterer densities. The numerical simulation uses a noise model that incorporates the spatial properties of three types of noise, i.e., shot noise, relative-intensity noise, and non-optical noise. The SDE's performance was evaluated numerically and experimentally using two types of scattering phantom and in vitro tumor spheroids. The results confirmed that the SDE estimates scatterer densities accurately. The estimation accuracy improved significantly when compared with our previous deep-learning-based SDE, which was trained using numerical speckle patterns generated from a noise model that did not account for the spatial properties of noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiya Seesan
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ibrahim Abd El-Sadek
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City 34517, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Yiheng Lim
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Lida Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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Zhu L, Makita S, Tamaoki J, Zhu Y, Mukherjee P, Lim Y, Kobayashi M, Yasuno Y. Polarization-artifact reduction and accuracy improvement of Jones-matrix polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography by multi-focus-averaging based multiple scattering reduction. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:256-276. [PMID: 38223182 PMCID: PMC10783893 DOI: 10.1364/boe.509763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is a promising biomedical imaging tool for the differentiation of various tissue properties. However, the presence of multiple-scattering (MS) signals can degrade the quantitative polarization measurement accuracy. We demonstrate a method to reduce MS signals and increase the measurement accuracy of Jones matrix PS-OCT. This method suppresses MS signals by averaging multiple Jones matrix volumes measured using different focal positions. The MS signals are decorrelated among the volumes by focus position modulation and are thus reduced by averaging. However, the single scattering signals are kept consistent among the focus-modulated volumes by computational refocusing. We validated the proposed method using a scattering phantom and a postmortem medaka fish. The results showed reduced artifacts in birefringence and degree-of-polarization uniformity measurements, particularly in deeper regions in the samples. This method offers a practical solution to mitigate MS-induced artifacts in PS-OCT imaging and improves quantitative polarization measurement accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junya Tamaoki
- Department of Molecular and Developmental
Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of
Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yiqiang Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yiheng Lim
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental
Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of
Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Leitgeb RA, Bouma B, Grieve K, Hendon C, Podoleanu A, Wojtkowski M, Yasuno Y. 30 Years of Optical Coherence Tomography: introduction to the feature issue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5484-5487. [PMID: 37854547 PMCID: PMC10581797 DOI: 10.1364/boe.505569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The guest editors introduce a feature issue commemorating the 30th anniversary of Optical Coherence Tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer A. Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brett Bouma
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kate Grieve
- Quinze-Vingts Hospital, and Vision Institute, Paris 75001, France
| | - Christine Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Adrian Podoleanu
- Applied Optics Group, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Maciej Wojtkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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