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Turčanová M, Hrtoň M, Dvořák P, Novák K, Hermanová M, Bednařík Z, Polzer S, Burša J. Full-Range Optical Imaging of Planar Collagen Fiber Orientation Using Polarized Light Microscopy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6879765. [PMID: 34877357 PMCID: PMC8645375 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6879765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for semiautomated assessment of directions of collagen fibers in soft tissues using histological image analysis is presented. It is based on multiple rotated images obtained via polarized light microscopy without any additional components, i.e., with just two polarizers being either perpendicular or nonperpendicular (rotated). This arrangement breaks the limitation of 90° periodicity of polarized light intensity and evaluates the in-plane fiber orientation over the whole 180° range accurately and quickly. After having verified the method, we used histological specimens of porcine Achilles tendon and aorta to validate the proposed algorithm and to lower the number of rotated images needed for evaluation. Our algorithm is capable to analyze 5·105 pixels in one micrograph in a few seconds and is thus a powerful and cheap tool promising a broad application in detection of collagen fiber distribution in soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Turčanová
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics, Technická 2896/2, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrtoň
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Physical Engineering, Technická 2896/2, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvořák
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Physical Engineering, Technická 2896/2, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Novák
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics, Technická 2896/2, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Hermanová
- 1st Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Bednařík
- 1st Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Polzer
- Technical University Ostrava, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, 17 Listopadu 15, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Burša
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics, Technická 2896/2, Brno 616 69, Czech Republic
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2
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He C, He H, Chang J, Chen B, Ma H, Booth MJ. Polarisation optics for biomedical and clinical applications: a review. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:194. [PMID: 34552045 PMCID: PMC8458371 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many polarisation techniques have been harnessed for decades in biological and clinical research, each based upon measurement of the vectorial properties of light or the vectorial transformations imposed on light by objects. Various advanced vector measurement/sensing techniques, physical interpretation methods, and approaches to analyse biomedically relevant information have been developed and harnessed. In this review, we focus mainly on summarising methodologies and applications related to tissue polarimetry, with an emphasis on the adoption of the Stokes-Mueller formalism. Several recent breakthroughs, development trends, and potential multimodal uses in conjunction with other techniques are also presented. The primary goal of the review is to give the reader a general overview in the use of vectorial information that can be obtained by polarisation optics for applications in biomedical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK.
| | - Honghui He
- Guangdong Engineering Center of Polarisation Imaging and Sensing Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jintao Chang
- Guangdong Engineering Center of Polarisation Imaging and Sensing Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Binguo Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Center of Polarisation Imaging and Sensing Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Guangdong Engineering Center of Polarisation Imaging and Sensing Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Martin J Booth
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK.
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Golaraei A, Kontenis L, Karunendiran A, Stewart BA, Barzda V. Dual- and single-shot susceptibility ratio measurements with circular polarizations in second-harmonic generation microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960167. [PMID: 31975533 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy is a technique capable of characterizing nonlinear optical properties of noncentrosymmetric biomaterials by extracting the nonlinear susceptibility tensor components ratio χzzz2'/χzxx2' , with z-axis parallel and x-axis perpendicular to the C6 symmetry axis of molecular fiber, such as a myofibril or a collagen fiber. In this paper, we present two P-SHG techniques based on incoming and outgoing circular polarization states for a fast extraction of χzzz2'/χzxx2' : A dual-shot configuration where the SHG circular anisotropy generated using incident right- and left-handed circularly-polarized light is measured; and a single-shot configuration for which the SHG circular anisotropy is measured using only one incident circular polarization state. These techniques are used to extract the χzzz2'/χzxx2' of myosin fibrils in the body wall muscles of Drosophila melanogaster larva. The results are in good agreement with values obtained from the double Stokes-Mueller polarimetry. The dual- and single-shot circular anisotropy measurements can be used for fast imaging that is independent of the in-plane orientation of the sample. They can be used for imaging of contracting muscles, or for high throughput imaging of large sample areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Golaraei
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lukas Kontenis
- Light Conversion, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Physics, Laser Research Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Abiramy Karunendiran
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan A Stewart
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Physics, Laser Research Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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4
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Pinsard M, Belley LP, Piau JM, Coté CY, Ibrahim H, Légaré F. Single-scan interferometric second harmonic generation microscopy using a kHz phase-scanner. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:38435-38450. [PMID: 31878611 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.038435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In conventional laser-scanning microscopy, images are formed by acquiring the signal from pixel to pixel. Here, we report more than one order of magnitude reduction in acquisition time of Interferometric Second Harmonic Generation (I-SHG) by scanning the phase within each pixel, to characterize the relative polarity of various samples. Using an electro-optic phase-scanner, we show that the phase-shift patterns required for interferometry can be applied at each pixel during the scanning of the sample, allowing single-scan I-SHG (1S-ISHG) measurements. Requiring exposure times comparable to standard SHG intensity images, the additional phase information of the signal can thus be retrieved in parallel to its amplitude at the time-scale of seconds. Moreover, slower modulations can be used to enhance the precision of the phase measurement, without any spatial or temporal shift between interferograms, in contrast to conventional frame phase-shifting I-SHG (standard I-SHG). This continues to extend I-SHG to dynamical processes, and opens it to large-scale studies, as well as to imaging samples where the signal-to-noise ratio is an issue.
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Ducourthial G, Affagard JS, Schmeltz M, Solinas X, Lopez-Poncelas M, Bonod-Bidaud C, Rubio-Amador R, Ruggiero F, Allain JM, Beaurepaire E, Schanne-Klein MC. Monitoring dynamic collagen reorganization during skin stretching with fast polarization-resolved second harmonic generation imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800336. [PMID: 30604478 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biological tissues are strongly correlated to the specific distribution of their collagen fibers. Monitoring the dynamic reorganization of the collagen network during mechanical stretching is however a technical challenge, because it requires mapping orientation of collagen fibers in a thick and deforming sample. In this work, a fast polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscope is implemented to map collagen orientation during mechanical assays. This system is based on line-to-line switching of polarization using an electro-optical modulator and works in epi-detection geometry. After proper calibration, it successfully highlights the collagen dynamic alignment along the traction direction in ex vivo murine skin dermis. This microstructure reorganization is quantified by the entropy of the collagen orientation distribution as a function of the stretch ratio. It exhibits a linear behavior, whose slope is measured with a good accuracy. This approach can be generalized to probe a variety of dynamic processes in thick tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xavier Solinas
- LOB, École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Christelle Bonod-Bidaud
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS-Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ruth Rubio-Amador
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS-Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Ruggiero
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS-Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Allain
- LMS, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
- Inria, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
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6
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Licari G, Beckwith JS, Soleimanpour S, Matile S, Vauthey E. Detecting order and lateral pressure at biomimetic interfaces using a mechanosensitive second-harmonic-generation probe. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9328-9336. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00773j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A mechanosensitive harmonophore is used to probe the order and lateral pressure in phospholipid monolayers by surface-second harmonic generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Licari
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Joseph S. Beckwith
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Saeideh Soleimanpour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
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Dow XY, DeWalt EL, Sullivan SZ, Schmitt PD, Ulcickas JRW, Simpson GJ. Imaging the Nonlinear Susceptibility Tensor of Collagen by Nonlinear Optical Stokes Ellipsometry. Biophys J 2017; 111:1361-1374. [PMID: 27705760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical Stokes ellipsometric (NOSE) microscopy was demonstrated for the analysis of collagen-rich biological tissues. NOSE is based on polarization-dependent second harmonic generation imaging. NOSE was used to access the molecular-level distribution of collagen fibril orientation relative to the local fiber axis at every position within the field of view. Fibril tilt-angle distribution was investigated by combining the NOSE measurements with ab initio calculations of the predicted molecular nonlinear optical response of a single collagen triple helix. The results were compared with results obtained previously by scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and electron tomography. These results were enabled by first measuring the laboratory-frame Jones nonlinear susceptibility tensor, then extending to the local-frame tensor through pixel-by-pixel corrections based on local orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Y Dow
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Emma L DeWalt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shane Z Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Paul D Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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Psilodimitrakopoulos S, Gavgiotaki E, Melessanaki K, Tsafas V, Filippidis G. Polarization Second Harmonic Generation Discriminates Between Fresh and Aged Starch-Based Adhesives Used in Cultural Heritage. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:1072-1083. [PMID: 27619334 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616011570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report that polarization second harmonic generation (PSHG) microscopy, commonly used in biomedical imaging, can quantitatively discriminate naturally aged from fresh starch-based glues used for conservation or restoration of paintings, works of art on paper, and books. Several samples of fresh and aged (7 years) flour and starch pastes were investigated by use of PSHG. In these types of adhesives, widely used in cultural heritage conservation, second harmonic generation (SHG) contrast originates primarily from the starch granules. It was found that in aged glues, the starch SHG effective orientation (SHG angle, θ) shifts to significantly higher values in comparison to the fresh granules. This shift is attributed to the different degree of granule hydration between fresh and aged adhesives. Thus noninvasive high-resolution nonlinear scattering can be employed to detect and quantify the degree of deterioration of restoration adhesives and to provide guidance toward future conservation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Psilodimitrakopoulos
- 1Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL),Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH),100 N. Plastira Street,71110 Heraklion,Crete,Greece
| | - Evaggelia Gavgiotaki
- 1Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL),Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH),100 N. Plastira Street,71110 Heraklion,Crete,Greece
| | - Kristallia Melessanaki
- 1Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL),Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH),100 N. Plastira Street,71110 Heraklion,Crete,Greece
| | - Vassilis Tsafas
- 1Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL),Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH),100 N. Plastira Street,71110 Heraklion,Crete,Greece
| | - George Filippidis
- 1Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL),Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH),100 N. Plastira Street,71110 Heraklion,Crete,Greece
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9
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Tuchin VV. Polarized light interaction with tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:71114. [PMID: 27121763 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.7.071114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial-review introduces the fundamentals of polarized light interaction with biological tissues and presents some of the recent key polarization optical methods that have made possible the quantitative studies essential for biomedical diagnostics. Tissue structures and the corresponding models showing linear and circular birefringence, dichroism, and chirality are analyzed. As the basis for a quantitative description of the interaction of polarized light with tissues, the theory of polarization transfer in a random medium is used. This theory employs the modified transfer equation for Stokes parameters to predict the polarization properties of single- and multiple-scattered optical fields. The near-order of scatterers in tissues is accounted for to provide an adequate description of tissue polarization properties. Biomedical diagnostic techniques based on polarized light detection, including polarization imaging and spectroscopy, amplitude and intensity light scattering matrix measurements, and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography are described. Examples of biomedical applications of these techniques for early diagnostics of cataracts, detection of precancer, and prediction of skin disease are presented. The substantial reduction of light scattering multiplicity at tissue optical clearing that leads to a lesser influence of scattering on the measured intrinsic polarization properties of the tissue and allows for more precise quantification of these properties is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V Tuchin
- Saratov National Research State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, 83 Astrakhanskaya street, Saratov 410012, RussiabInstitute of Precision Mechanics and Control of Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Rabochaya street, Sarat
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Kaneshiro J, Watanabe TM, Fujita H, Ichimura T. Full control of polarization state with a pair of electro-optic modulators for polarization-resolved optical microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:1082-1089. [PMID: 26906380 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Full and arbitrary control of polarization states of light using two independent electro-optic modulators is presented. The mechanism of the controllability is theoretically described using the Jones vector and matrix, and the polarization state change with control parameters is geometrically illustrated in the Stokes parameter space. Our theoretical framework involves possible distortions of the polarization state due to optical elements between the polarization controller and measurement point and presents a mechanism for pre-compensating the polarization distortion. The theory's validity and controllability of the polarization state are experimentally demonstrated with a test optical setup using a dichroic mirror as a polarization distorter. The inevitable intensity variation during polarization sweeps and a strategy for pre- and post-compensation of the variations are discussed. The technique's applicability to bioimaging is also discussed.
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DeWalt EL, Sullivan SZ, Schmitt PD, Muir RD, Simpson GJ. Polarization-modulated second harmonic generation ellipsometric microscopy at video rate. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8448-56. [PMID: 25050448 PMCID: PMC4139166 DOI: 10.1021/ac502124v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fast 8 MHz polarization modulation coupled with analytical modeling, fast beam-scanning, and synchronous digitization (SD) have enabled simultaneous nonlinear optical Stokes ellipsometry (NOSE) and polarized laser transmittance imaging with image acquisition rates up to video rate. In contrast to polarimetry, in which the polarization state of the exiting beam is recorded, NOSE enables recovery of the complex-valued Jones tensor of the sample that describes all polarization-dependent observables of the measurement. Every video-rate scan produces a set of 30 images (10 for each detector with three detectors operating in parallel), each of which corresponds to a different polarization-dependent result. Linear fitting of this image set contracts it down to a set of five parameters for each detector in second harmonic generation (SHG) and three parameters for the transmittance of the incident beam. These parameters can in turn be used to recover the Jones tensor elements of the sample. Following validation of the approach using z-cut quartz, NOSE microscopy was performed for microcrystals of both naproxen and glucose isomerase. When weighted by the measurement time, NOSE microscopy was found to provide a substantial (>7 decades) improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio relative to our previous measurements based on the rotation of optical elements and a 3-fold improvement relative to previous single-point NOSE approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. DeWalt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - Shane Z. Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - Paul D. Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - Ryan D. Muir
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - Garth J. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
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