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Lu X, Zhou C, Delima RS, Lees EW, Soni A, Dvorak DJ, Ren S, Ji T, Bahi A, Ko F, Berlinguette CP. Visualization of CO 2 electrolysis using optical coherence tomography. Nat Chem 2024; 16:979-987. [PMID: 38429344 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrolysers offer an appealing technology for conversion of CO2 into high-value chemicals. However, there are few tools available to track the reactions that occur within electrolysers. Here we report an electrolysis optical coherence tomography platform to visualize the chemical reactions occurring in a CO2 electrolyser. This platform was designed to capture three-dimensional images and videos at high spatial and temporal resolutions. We recorded 12 h of footage of an electrolyser containing a porous electrode separated by a membrane, converting a continuous feed of liquid KHCO3 to reduce CO2 into CO at applied current densities of 50-800 mA cm-2. This platform visualized reactants, intermediates and products, and captured the strikingly dynamic movement of the cathode and membrane components during electrolysis. It also linked CO production to regions of the electrolyser in which CO2 was in direct contact with both membrane and catalyst layers. These results highlight how this platform can be used to track reactions in continuous flow electrochemical reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roxanna S Delima
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric W Lees
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Abhishek Soni
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Dvorak
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shaoxuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tengxiao Ji
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Addie Bahi
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frank Ko
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Curtis P Berlinguette
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Chen G, Wang W, Li Y. Reducing noise in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography for high-quality local phase retardation imaging. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:2822-2830. [PMID: 38856377 DOI: 10.1364/ao.515942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Local phase retardation (LPR) is increasingly recognized as a crucial biomarker for assessing disease progression. However, the presence of speckle noise significantly challenges its accuracy and polarization contrast. To address this challenge, we propose a signal-processing strategy aimed at reducing the impact of noise on LPR measurements. In this approach, the LPR is reconstructed by polar decomposition after averaging multiple Mueller matrices from different overlapping sub-spectra. To optimize measurement accuracy, we systematically combined and traversed different sub-spectral numbers and bandwidths. By examining the quarter-wave plate and glass slide, high-accuracy phase retardation measurements were successfully verified, and the maximum polarization contrast was improved by 23%. Moreover, experimental results from multi-tissue imaging vividly illustrate that the equivalent number of looks (ENL) and polarization contrast were improved by 18% and 19%, respectively. This outcome indicates that our proposed strategy can effectively reduce the noise spikes, enhancing tissue discrimination capabilities.
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3
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Miao Y, Jung H, Hsu D, Song J, Ni S, Ma D, Jian Y, Makita S, Yasuno Y, Sarunic MV, Stephenson KAJ, Paton K, Mammo Z, Ju MJ. Polarization-Diversity Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment of Choroidal Nevi. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:6. [PMID: 37930688 PMCID: PMC10629548 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the utility of polarization-diversity optical coherence tomography (PD-OCT), a noninvasive imaging technique with melanin-specific contrast, in the quantitative and qualitative assessment of choroidal nevi. Methods Nevi were imaged with a custom-built 55-degree field-of-view (FOV) 400 kHz PD-OCT system. Imaging features on PD-OCT were compared to those on fundus photography, auto-fluorescence, ultrasound, and non-PD-OCT images. Lesions were manually segmented for size measurement and metrics for objective assessment of melanin distributions were calculated, including degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU), attenuation coefficient, and melanin occupancy rate (MOR). Results We imaged 17 patients (mean age = 69.5 years, range = 37-90) with 11 pigmented, 3 non-pigmented, and 3 mixed pigmentation nevi. Nevi with full margin acquisition had an average longest basal diameter of 5.1 mm (range = 2.99-8.72 mm) and average height of 0.72 mm (range = 0.37 mm-2.09 mm). PD-OCT provided clear contrast of choroidal melanin content, distribution, and delineation of nevus margins for melanotic nevi. Pigmented nevi were found to have lower DOPU, higher attenuation coefficient, and higher MOR than non-pigmented lesions. Melanin content on PD-OCT was consistent with pigmentation on fundus in 15 of 17 nevi (88%). Conclusions PD-OCT allows objective assessment of choroidal nevi melanin content and distribution. In addition, melanin-specific contrast by PD-OCT enables clear nevus margin delineation and may improve serial growth surveillance. Further investigation is needed to determine the clinical significance and prognostic value of melanin characterization by PD-OCT in the evaluation of choroidal nevi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hoyoung Jung
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Destiny Hsu
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jun Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shuibin Ni
- Case Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Da Ma
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Yifan Jian
- Case Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Marinko V. Sarunic
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Kirk A. J. Stephenson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine Paton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zaid Mammo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Myeong Jin Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Wang YD, Zhang ZY, Chen Y, Sun YK, Li YC, Tian ZN, Ren XF, Chen QD, Guo GC. Arbitrarily rotated optical axis waveguide induced by a trimming line. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3063-3066. [PMID: 37262281 DOI: 10.1364/ol.493410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rotated optical axis waveguides can facilitate on-chip arbitrary wave-plate operations, which are crucial tools for developing integrated universal quantum computing algorithms. In this paper, we propose a unique technique based on femtosecond laser direct writing technology to fabricate arbitrarily rotated optical axis waveguides. First, a circular isotropic main waveguide with a non-optical axis was fabricated using a beam shaping method. Thereafter, a trimming line was used to create an artificial stress field near the main waveguide to induce a rotated optical axis. Using this technique, we fabricated high-performance half- and quarter-wave plates. Subsequently, high-fidelity (97.1%) Pauli-X gate operation was demonstrated via quantum process tomography, which constitutes the basis for the full manipulation of on-chip polarization-encoded qubits. In the future, this work is expected to lead to new prospects for polarization-encoded information in photonic integrated circuits.
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Lichtenegger A, Baumann B, Yasuno Y. Optical Coherence Tomography Is a Promising Tool for Zebrafish-Based Research-A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 10:5. [PMID: 36671577 PMCID: PMC9854701 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is an established vertebrae model in the field of biomedical research. With its small size, rapid maturation time and semi-transparency at early development stages, it has proven to be an important animal model, especially for high-throughput studies. Three-dimensional, high-resolution, non-destructive and label-free imaging techniques are perfectly suited to investigate these animals over various development stages. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an interferometric-based optical imaging technique that has revolutionized the diagnostic possibilities in the field of ophthalmology and has proven to be a powerful tool for many microscopic applications. Recently, OCT found its way into state-of-the-art zebrafish-based research. This review article gives an overview and a discussion of the relevant literature and an outlook for this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lichtenegger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Bernhard Baumann
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
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6
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Chen G, Wang W, Li Y. Comparative study of OCTA algorithms with a high-sensitivity multi-contrast Jones matrix OCT system for human skin imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4718-4736. [PMID: 36187265 PMCID: PMC9484425 DOI: 10.1364/boe.462941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The multi-contrast Jones matrix OCT (JMT) system can not only improve the tissue-specific contrast but also enhance the sensitivity of detecting flow, which is gaining increasing attention. However, for the JMT system, there is currently a lack of studies evaluating and guiding the selection of suitable angiography algorithms to map the most appealing quality of angiograms for clinical use. In this paper, by a homemade high-sensitivity multi-contrast JMT system based 200 kHz swept source, the performance of two complex-signal-based OCTA methods that are insensitive to phase instability and one amplitude-signal-based OCTA method are compared for in-vivo imaging of human skin qualitatively and quantitatively. Six metrics, including vascular connectivity, image contrast-to-noise ratio, image signal-to-noise ratio, vessel diameter index, blood vessel density, and processing time, are assessed. The results show that the vascular networks processed by all OCTA methods and the texture of skin could be visualized simultaneously and markedly. Additionally, the complex-signal-based OCTA methods successfully suppress phase instabilities and even outperform the amplitude-signal-based OCTA algorithm in some indicators. This paper has a certain guiding significance for selecting an appropriate angiography algorithm and expanding the application field with this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System of Ministry of Education of China, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wen’ai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System of Ministry of Education of China, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System of Ministry of Education of China, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China
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Sakai D, Takagi S, Totani K, Yamamoto M, Matsuzaki M, Yamanari M, Sugiyama S, Yokota S, Maeda A, Hirami Y, Mandai M, Takahashi M, Nakamura M, Kurimoto Y. Retinal pigment epithelium melanin imaging using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography for patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7115. [PMID: 35504937 PMCID: PMC9065024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) melanin in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) using entropy measurements by custom-made polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) images, and compare entropy with the intensity of short-wavelength (SW) and near-infrared (NIR) autofluorescence (AF). We retrospectively reviewed the retinal images, including PS-OCT, SW-AF, and NIR-AF of patients with RP who had a hyperautofluorescent ring on AF. A total of 12 eyes of 12 patients (8 women and 4 men; mean age: 37.9 years) were included. There was a strong positive correlation between entropy value and NIR-AF intensity (r = 0.626, p < 0.001), and there was a very weak negative correlation between entropy value and SW-AF (r = − 0.197, p = 0.001). The mean values of the entropy in the foveal, temporal (2 mm from the fovea), and nasal (2 mm from the fovea) sections were 0.41 (± 0.09), 0.29 (± 0.08), and 0.26 (± 0.08), respectively. The entropy was significantly higher in the foveal section than in the temporal and nasal sections (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively). There was no significant difference between the entropies values for the temporal and nasal sections (p = 0.157). Age, logMAR best-corrected visual acuity, ellipsoid zone width, and central retinal thickness were not correlated with foveal entropy. We presented RPE melanin imaging in patients with RP using PS-OCT for the first time. PS-OCT can be a useful tool for monitoring patients with RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Sakai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan. .,Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Seiji Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Totani
- Engineering Department, Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Midori Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Matsuzaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Yokota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akiko Maeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hirami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Michiko Mandai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Vision Care Inc, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kurimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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8
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Li Q, Yu Y, Ding Z, Zhu F, Li Y, Tao K, Hua P, Lai T, Kuang H, Liu T. Analysis and reduction of noise-induced depolarization in catheter based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:11130-11149. [PMID: 35473063 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In catheter based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), a optical fiber with a rapid rotation in the catheter can cause low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), polarization state instability, phase change of PS-OCT signals and then heavy noise-induced depolarization, which has a strong impact on the phase retardation measurement of the sample. In this paper, we analyze the noise-induced depolarization and find that the effect of depolarization can be reduced by polar decomposition after incoherent averaging in the Mueller matrix averaging (MMA) method. Namely, MMA can reduce impact of noise on phase retardation mapping. We present a Monte Carlo method based on PS-OCT to numerically describe noise-induced depolarization effect and contrast phase retardation imaging results by MMA and Jones matrix averaging (JMA) methods. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of simulated images processed by MMA is higher than about 8.9 dB than that processed by JMA. We also implement experiments of multiple biological tissues using the catheter based PS-OCT system. From the simulation and experimental results, we find the polarization contrasts processed by the MMA are better than those by JMA, especially at areas with high depolarization, because the MMA can reduce effect of noise-induced depolarization on the phase retardation measurement.
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Seesan T, Abd El-Sadek I, Mukherjee P, Zhu L, Oikawa K, Miyazawa A, Shen LTW, Matsusaka S, Buranasiri P, Makita S, Yasuno Y. Deep convolutional neural network-based scatterer density and resolution estimators in optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:168-183. [PMID: 35154862 PMCID: PMC8803045 DOI: 10.1364/boe.443343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)-based estimators of the tissue scatterer density (SD), lateral and axial resolutions, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and effective number of scatterers (ENS, the number of scatterers within a resolution volume). The estimators analyze the speckle pattern of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) image in estimating these parameters. The DCNN is trained by a large number (1,280,000) of image patches that are fully numerically generated in OCT imaging simulation. Numerical and experimental validations were performed. The numerical validation shows good estimation accuracy as the root mean square errors were 0.23%, 3.65%, 3.58%, 3.79%, and 6.15% for SD, lateral and axial resolutions, SNR, and ENS, respectively. The experimental validation using scattering phantoms (Intralipid emulsion) shows reasonable estimations. Namely, the estimated SDs were proportional to the Intralipid concentrations, and the average estimation errors of lateral and axial resolutions were 1.36% and 0.68%, respectively. The scatterer density estimator was also applied to an in vitro tumor cell spheroid, and a reduction in the scatterer density during cell necrosis was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiya Seesan
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Physics, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ibrahim Abd El-Sadek
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lida Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Arata Miyazawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Sky Technology Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Larina Tzu-Wei Shen
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Prathan Buranasiri
- Department of Physics, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ueno Y, Mori H, Kikuchi K, Yamanari M, Oshika T. Visualization of Anterior Chamber Angle Structures With Scattering- and Polarization-Sensitive Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:29. [PMID: 34964836 PMCID: PMC8727324 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.14.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare three optical coherence tomography (OCT) modalities in the observation of anterior chamber angle structures; trabecular meshwork (TM), Schlemm's canal (SC), and band of extracanalicular limbal lamina (BELL). Methods Three OCT modalities were used: (1) 2 × 2 Jones-matrix scattering OCT (S-OCT) representing conventional intensity OCT, (2) polarization-diverse S-OCT that was calculated as summation of all elements of the Jones-matrix to eliminate the influence of artifacts caused by sample birefringence, and (3) polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) to assess depth-resolved phase retardation. Results In a total of 97 eyes of 55 subjects, nasal and temporal angles were scanned. The detection rate of TM and BELL was significantly different among modalities; highest with PS-OCT (95.1% and 99.2%), followed by 2 × 2 Jones-matrix S-OCT (71.1% and 88.7%) and polarization-diverse S-OCT (33.2% and 25.0%), indicating the influence of artifacts on 2 × 2 Jones-matrix S-OCT measurements. SC was visible with 2 × 2 Jones-matrix S-OCT, polarization-diverse S-OCT, and PS-OCT in 14.2%, 14.9%, and 0.3% of images, respectively. The intergrader agreement as evaluated with the prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted κ value was higher with PS-OCT than with other S-OCTs. Conclusions Visibility of anterior chamber angle structures was assessed with three OCT modalities. For TM and BELL that are rich in collagen fibers, PS-OCT provides significantly better visibility than S-OCT without the influence of artifacts arising from polarization or birefringence. Visualization of SC was more difficult with any OCT modalities. Translational Relevance PS-OCT is a useful tool to investigate the anterior chamber angle structures which are difficult to observe with conventional OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keita Kikuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanari
- Department of Technological Development, Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oshika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ueda K, Shiraya T, Araki F, Hashimoto Y, Yamamoto M, Yamanari M, Ueta T, Minami T, Aoki N, Sugiyama S, Zhou HP, Totsuka K, Toyama T, Sugimoto K, Obata R, Kato S. Changes in entropy on polarized-sensitive optical coherence tomography images after therapeutic subthreshold micropulse laser for diabetic macular edema: A pilot study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257000. [PMID: 34516553 PMCID: PMC8437304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the dynamics of the healing process after therapeutic subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) for diabetic macular edema (DME) using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Methods Patients with treatment-native or previously-treated DME were prospectively imaged using PS-OCT at baseline, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. The following outcomes were evaluated: changes in the entropy value per unit area (pixel2) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) on the B-scan image; changes in the entropy value in each stratified layer (retina, RPE, choroid) based on the ETDRS grid circle overlaid with en face entropy mapping, not only the whole ETDRS grid area but also a sector irradiated by the SMPL; and the relationship between edema reduction and entropy changes. Results A total of 11 eyes of 11 consecutive DME patients were enrolled. No visible signs of SMPL treatment were detected on PS-OCT images. The entropy value per unit area (pixel2) in the RPE tended to decrease at 3 and 6 months from baseline (35.8 ± 17.0 vs 26.1 ± 9.8, P = 0.14; vs 28.2 ± 18.3, P = 0.14). Based on the en face entropy mapping, the overall entropy value did not change in each layer in the whole ETDRS grid; however, decrease of entropy in the RPE was observed at 2, 3, and 6 months post-treatment within the SMPL-irradiated sectors (P < 0.01, each). There was a positive correlation between the change rate of retinal thickness and that of entropy in the RPE within the SMPL-irradiated sector at 6 months (r2 = 0.19, P = 0.039). Conclusion Entropy measured using PS-OCT may be a new parameter that facilitates objective monitoring of SMPL-induced functional changes in the RPE that could not previously be assessed directly. This may contribute to a more promising therapeutic evaluation of DME. Clinical trial This clinical study was registered in UMIN-CTR (ID: UMIN000042420).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ueda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Shiraya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Fumiyuki Araki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Hashimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Ueta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Minami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyori Aoki
- Engineering Department, Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Han Peng Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Totsuka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Toyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sugimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Obata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Fujita A, Amari T, Ueda K, Azuma K, Inoue T, Komatsu K, Yamamoto M, Aoki N, Yamanari M, Sugiyama S, Aihara M, Kato S, Obata R. Three-Dimensional Distribution Of Fundus Depolarization and Associating Factors Measured Using Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:30. [PMID: 34003915 PMCID: PMC7900852 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the three-dimensional distribution and associating demographic factors of depolarization, using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), to evaluate melanin pigmentation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid in healthy eyes. Methods In total, 39 unaffected healthy eyes of 39 subjects were examined using a PS-OCT clinical prototype. The degree of depolarization, expressed as the polarimetric entropy, was assessed in the RPE, the superficial and the total choroid layer, especially in the center, the inner, or the outer areas centered at the fovea. The values and their association with the demographic data were analyzed. Near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (NIRAF) was also used, in the same manner, for the comparison. Twenty-eight of 39 eyes were measured twice to evaluate intrasession repeatability. Results Both the polarimetric entropy in the RPE and the gray level in NIRAF, decreased from the center to the periphery (P < 0.001). The polarimetric entropy in the RPE was significantly associated with age in each area (P ≤ 0.001). In the RPE and the superficial choroid, the polarimetric entropy was negatively associated with axial length in each area (P ≤ 0.002). The intraclass correlation coefficient of the polarimetric entropy in the same session was excellent in each area of the RPE, superficial choroid, or total choroid layer (0.94–0.98). Conclusions The distribution of fundus melanin pigment-related depolarization was evaluated using PS-OCT. The depolarization was associated with the subjects’ demographic data, such as age or axial length. Translational Relevance The presented information in healthy eyes provides an essential basis for the investigation into a variety of chorioretinal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Fujita
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Amari
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Eguchi Eye Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Azuma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Komatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kato
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Obata
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Yamanari M, Mase M, Obata R, Matsuzaki M, Minami T, Takagi S, Yamamoto M, Miyamoto N, Ueda K, Koide N, Maeda T, Totani K, Aoki N, Hirami Y, Sugiyama S, Mandai M, Aihara M, Takahashi M, Kato S, Kurimoto Y. Melanin concentration and depolarization metrics measurement by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19513. [PMID: 33177585 PMCID: PMC7658243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of melanin in the eye is important as the melanin is structurally associated with some ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration. Although optical coherence tomography (OCT) cannot distinguish tissues containing the melanin from other tissues intrinsically, polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) can detect the melanin through spatial depolarization of the backscattered light from the melanin granules. Entropy is one of the depolarization metrics that can be used to detect malanin granules in PS-OCT and valuable quantitative information on ocular tissue abnormalities can be retrived by correlating entropy with the melanin concentration. In this study, we investigate a relationship between the melanin concentration and some depolarization metrics including the entropy, and show that the entropy is linearly proportional to the melanin concentration in double logarithmic scale when noise bias is corrected for the entropy. In addition, we also confirm that the entropy does not depend on the incident state of polarization using the experimental data, which is one of important attributes that depolarization metrics should have. The dependence on the incident state of polarization is also analyzed for other depolarization metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mutsuki Mase
- Engineering Department, Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Obata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Matsuzaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Centre General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Minami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Centre General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Motoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Centre General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoshi Koide
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Riken Centre for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tadao Maeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Centre General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Riken Centre for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kota Totani
- Engineering Department, Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuyori Aoki
- Engineering Department, Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hirami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Centre General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Riken Centre for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Michiko Mandai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Riken Centre for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Riken Centre for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Vision Care Inc., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kurimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Centre General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Riken Centre for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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14
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Imaging of a retinal pigment epithelium aperture using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2020; 65:30-41. [PMID: 33170370 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-020-00787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate cases with a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) aperture using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective consecutive case series. METHODS A retrospective study that included three eyes (three patients) with RPE aperture and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) evaluated at the Macular Clinic in Tokyo University Hospital. A three-dimensional dataset of depolarization information was obtained with a clinical prototype of PS-OCT. RESULTS All patients were categorized as intermediate AMD. RPE apertures were identified with PS-OCT as discontinuities of depolarization in the RPE layer of the pigment epithelial detachment (PED). A nonuniform decrease of depolarization in the RPE layer was also observed around the aperture. Two findings were observed above the aperture, intraretinal focal areas with high reflectivity and increased depolarization and subretinal bands with moderate reflectivity and low depolarization. Retinal sensitivity according to fundus microperimetry measured at 25 points was significantly associated with the degree of depolarization at the corresponding area (r-square = 0.60, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION The RPE aperture was characterized as a round discontinuity of depolarization. The findings with PS-OCT suggest atrophic changes in the overlying RPE of the PED. The degree of depolarization was associated with retinal sensitivity. The current results indicate that RPE apertures developed within the spectrum of atrophic AMD.
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15
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Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography for estimating relative melanin content of autologous induced stem-cell derived retinal pigment epithelium. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7656. [PMID: 32376945 PMCID: PMC7203130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of autologous human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial (hiPSC-RPE) sheets is a promising therapy for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). As melanin content is a representative feature of healthy RPE, we used polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) to estimate the relative melanin content of RPE in diseased and non-diseased area, and in human iPSC-RPE sheets in vitro and in vivo by evaluating the randomness of polarization (entropy). Two aged Japanese women, one with neovascular AMD that underwent transplantation of an autologous hiPSC-RPE cell sheet and another with binocular dry AMD, were selected for this study. Entropy value was minimal in cells containing no melanin, whereas that of human RPE and hiPSC-RPE sheets was high. En face entropy of the cultured hiPSC-RPE sheet was compared with its grey-scale photo and its values were found to be inversely correlated with the extent of absence of pigmentation in vitro. En face entropy maps were compared to colour fundus photographs, fundus autofluorescence images, and fluorescein angiography images from patients. Entropy values of intact and defective RPEs and of iPSC-RPE transplant areas were determined in vivo using PS-OCT B-scan images. PS-OCT was found to be applicable in the estimation of relative melanin content of cultured and transplanted RPEs in regenerative medicine.
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16
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Azuma S, Makita S, Kasaragod D, Sugiyama S, Miura M, Yasuno Y. Clinical multi-functional OCT for retinal imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5724-5743. [PMID: 31799043 PMCID: PMC6865108 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A compact clinical prototype multi-functional optical coherence tomography (OCT) device for the posterior human eye has been developed. This compact Jones-matrix OCT (JM-OCT) device integrates all components into a single package. Multiple image functions, i.e., scattering intensity, OCT angiography, and the degree of polarization uniformity, are obtained. The device has the capability for measuring local birefringence. Multi-functional imaging of several eyes with age-related macular degeneration is demonstrated. The compact JM-OCT device will be useful for the in vivo non-invasive investigation of abnormal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Azuma
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8573, Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8531, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8573, Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8531, Japan
| | - Deepa Kasaragod
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8573, Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8531, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Miura
- Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3–20–1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300–0395, Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8531, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8573, Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8531, Japan
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17
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Yamanari M, Uematsu S, Ishihara K, Ikuno Y. Parallel detection of Jones-matrix elements in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:2318-2336. [PMID: 31149375 PMCID: PMC6524579 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.002318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The polarization properties of a sample can be characterized using a Jones matrix. To measure the Jones matrix without assumptions of the sample, two different incident states of polarization are usually used. This requirement often causes certain drawbacks in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), e.g., a decrease in the effective A-scan rate or axial depth range, if a multiplexing scheme is used. Because both the A-scan rate and axial depth range are important for clinical applications, including the imaging of an anterior eye segment, a new PS-OCT method that does not have these drawbacks is desired. Here, we present a parallel-detection approach that maintains the same A-scan rate and axial measurement range as conventional OCT. The interferometer consists of fiber-optic components, most of which are polarization-maintaining components with fast-axis blocking free from polarization management. When a parallel detection is implemented using swept-source OCT (SS-OCT), synchronization between the A-scans and synchronization between the detection channels have critical effects on the Jones-matrix measurement. Because it is difficult to achieve perfect synchronization using only hardware, we developed a solution using a numerical correction with signals from a static mirror. Using the developed system, we demonstrate the imaging of an anterior eye segment from the cornea to the back surface of the crystalline lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamanari
- Engineering Department, Tomey Corporation, 2-11-33 Noritakeshinmachi, Nishiku, Nagoya, Aichi, 451-0051, Japan
| | - Sato Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishihara
- Engineering Department, Tomey Corporation, 2-11-33 Noritakeshinmachi, Nishiku, Nagoya, Aichi, 451-0051, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ikuno
- Ikuno Eye Center, 2-9-10 3F Juso-Higashi, Yodogawaku, Osaka, Osaka, 532-0023, Japan
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18
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Prediction of Surgical Outcome After Trabeculectomy for Neovascular Glaucoma With Anterior-segment Optical Coherence Tomography. J Glaucoma 2018; 27:1157-1164. [PMID: 30188465 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the potential of anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to predict posttrabeculectomy outcomes in neovascular glaucoma (NVG). PATIENTS AND METHODS We recruited 45 eyes of 40 NVG patients who underwent trabeculectomy. The patients were divided into success and failure groups based on the posttrabeculectomy outcome after 12 months. AS-OCT findings were compared in the success and failure groups at 1 and 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. We also analyzed early posttrabeculectomy bleb parameters with multiple logistic regression, stepwise multiple regression, and the receiver operating characteristic curve to evaluate the power of these parameters to predict long-term outcomes. RESULTS Intraocular pressure at 6 and 12 months was lower in the success group than the failure group (P<0.0016=0.0048). Reflectivity of the bleb wall was higher in the failure group than the success group throughout the study (all: P<0.0016). Age and reflectivity of the bleb wall at 1 week were risk factors for failure with odds ratios for failure of 0.91 and 1.67. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for reflectivity of the bleb wall at 1 week was 0.943 with the cutoff set at 128.9 (sensitivity: 85.7%; specificity: 100.0%). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that reflectivity of the bleb wall at 1 week independently indicated the bleb survival period (β=-0.84; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS AS-OCT-measured reflectivity of the bleb wall, measured at 1 week of trabeculectomy for NVG, might be able to predict of the final status of the bleb.
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19
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Makita S, Mino T, Yamaguchi T, Miura M, Azuma S, Yasuno Y. Clinical prototype of pigment and flow imaging optical coherence tomography for posterior eye investigation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4372-4389. [PMID: 30615718 PMCID: PMC6157782 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the randomness of polarization (RP) obtained using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) are applied in several applications, and RP is attractive for posterior eye imaging. The addition of RP without retardation requires a minimal extension to standard OCT; therefore, we developed a prototype OCT system with a simplified scheme for RP measurement. A compact polarization-diversity receiver module is the only required hardware extension to a standard OCT system. All components were packed into the retinal scanning head. The degree-of-polarization uniformity and complex-decorrelation based OCT angiography were calculated using noise-corrected algorithms that accounted for the depth-dependent noise power. The structure, melanin, and blood flow distribution imaging of in vivo human eyes were demonstrated. Pathological eye imaging shows potential applications for combinations of these contrasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
| | - Toshihiro Mino
- Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunumacho, Itabashi, Tokyo 174-8580,
Japan
| | - Tastuo Yamaguchi
- Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunumacho, Itabashi, Tokyo 174-8580,
Japan
| | - Mashiro Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0395,
Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Azuma
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
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20
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Ang M, Baskaran M, Werkmeister RM, Chua J, Schmidl D, Aranha dos Santos V, Garhöfer G, Mehta JS, Schmetterer L. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 66:132-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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21
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Lee JH, Shin JG, Kim HY, Lee BH. Quantitative discrimination of pearls using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:2197-2201. [PMID: 29604012 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.002197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a robust method that can quantitatively discriminate genuine pearls from imitation ones by introducing the concept of entropy in the polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Qualitatively, by examining the birefringence properties of the nacre region of pearls with PS-OCT, the genuine pearls can be easily discriminated. To quantify the amount of birefringence formation, however, the concept of phase retardation entropy is introduced, which is expected to have a higher value when a PS-OCT tomogram has more diverse phase retardation values in its histogram. Experimental confirmation demonstrated that the phase retardation entropy of a genuine pearl was always higher than an imitated pearl. By experimenting with various genuine and imitation pearls, we can say that the phase retardation entropy is effective as a quantitative criterion for discriminating and evaluating pearls.
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22
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Kokubun T, Tsuda S, Kunikata H, Himori N, Yokoyama Y, Kunimatsu-Sanuki S, Nakazawa T. Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography for Predicting Postoperative Outcomes After Trabeculectomy. Curr Eye Res 2018. [PMID: 29513109 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1446535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) can be used to predict post-trabeculectomy bleb outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We divided 58 eyes of 47 trabeculectomy patients into success or failure groups based on their status at 12 months after surgery. We then compared various AS-OCT measurement parameters between the two groups at 1 and 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. We also analyzed the early post-trabeculectomy bleb parameters with multiple logistic regression, stepwise multiple regression, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, to evaluate the power of these parameters to predict long-term outcomes. RESULTS Intraocular pressure 3 or more months after trabeculectomy was significantly lower in the success group than the failure group (all: P < 0.0016). Cleft volume was significantly higher 6 or more months after trabeculectomy in the success group than the failure group (P = 0.0027 and <0.0016). Reflectivity of the bleb wall was significantly higher in the failure group than the success group at 2 weeks and all later time points (all: P < 0.0016). Reflectivity of the bleb wall at 2 weeks after trabeculectomy was a risk factor for failure, with an odds ratio (OR) for failure of 2.48 (95% confidence interval, 1.31-4.68, increasing per 10 AU). The area under the ROC curve for reflectivity of the bleb wall at 2 weeks after trabeculectomy was 0.775 when the cutoff value was set at 122.8, with sensitivity, specificity, and OR of 78.3%, 80.0%, and 14.4, respectively. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that reflectivity of the bleb wall at 2 weeks was an independent factor indicating postoperative bleb survival period (β = -0.39, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Reflectivity of the bleb wall, measured by AS-OCT, may be an early post-trabeculectomy predictor of bleb outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kokubun
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- b Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunikata
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan.,b Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan
| | - Yu Yokoyama
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan
| | - Shiho Kunimatsu-Sanuki
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan.,b Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan.,c Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan.,d Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
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23
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Gompf B, Gill M, Dressel M, Berrier A. On the depolarization in granular thin films: a Mueller-matrix approach. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2018; 35:301-308. [PMID: 29400879 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a general method to disclose the information hidden in Mueller matrices experimentally obtained from depolarizing samples. Although spectroscopic Mueller-matrix ellipsometry allows for a model-free characterization of inhomogeneous samples, i.e., independently from any assumption on the sample structure, the interpretation of the obtained results is often challenging. The proposed method combines three different decomposition techniques applied to the measured Mueller matrices in transmission and reflection of granular thin films with different thicknesses and densities. We demonstrate that the comparative analysis of the respective differential-, product-, and sum-decomposition of the Mueller matrices, together with correlation effects and the visualization as a Poincaré sphere, reveals the particular underlying physical processes of depolarization. As an example, we apply this method on granular BaSO4 thin films. This method is general and can be applied to a wide variety of intrinsically inhomogeneous materials with applications in physics, industry, biology, or medicine.
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Miyazawa A, Hong YJ, Makita S, Kasaragod D, Yasuno Y. Generation and optimization of superpixels as image processing kernels for Jones matrix optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:4396-4418. [PMID: 29082073 PMCID: PMC5654788 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Jones matrix-based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (JM-OCT) simultaneously measures optical intensity, birefringence, degree of polarization uniformity, and OCT angiography. The statistics of the optical features in a local region, such as the local mean of the OCT intensity, are frequently used for image processing and the quantitative analysis of JM-OCT. Conventionally, local statistics have been computed with fixed-size rectangular kernels. However, this results in a trade-off between image sharpness and statistical accuracy. We introduce a superpixel method to JM-OCT for generating the flexible kernels of local statistics. A superpixel is a cluster of image pixels that is formed by the pixels' spatial and signal value proximities. An algorithm for superpixel generation specialized for JM-OCT and its optimization methods are presented in this paper. The spatial proximity is in two-dimensional cross-sectional space and the signal values are the four optical features. Hence, the superpixel method is a six-dimensional clustering technique for JM-OCT pixels. The performance of the JM-OCT superpixels and its optimization methods are evaluated in detail using JM-OCT datasets of posterior eyes. The superpixels were found to well preserve tissue structures, such as layer structures, sclera, vessels, and retinal pigment epithelium. And hence, they are more suitable for local statistics kernels than conventional uniform rectangular kernels.
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Li E, Makita S, Hong YJ, Kasaragod D, Yasuno Y. Three-dimensional multi-contrast imaging of in vivo human skin by Jones matrix optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1290-1305. [PMID: 28663829 PMCID: PMC5480544 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A custom made dermatological Jones matrix optical coherence tomography (JM-OCT) is presented. It uses a passive-polarization-delay component based swept-source JM-OCT configuration, but is specially designed for in vivo human skin measurement. The center wavelength of its probe beam is 1310 nm and the A-line rate is 49.6 kHz. The JM-OCT is capable of simultaneously providing birefringence (local retardation) tomography, degree-of-polarization-uniformity tomography, complex-correlation-based optical coherence angiography, and conventional scattering OCT. To evaluate the performance of this JM-OCT, we measured in vivo human skin at several locations. Using the four kinds of OCT contrasts, the morphological characteristics and optical properties of different skin types were visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Li
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - Young-Joo Hong
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - Deepa Kasaragod
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
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de Boer JF, Hitzenberger CK, Yasuno Y. Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography - a review [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1838-1873. [PMID: 28663869 PMCID: PMC5480584 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is now a well-established modality for high-resolution cross-sectional and three-dimensional imaging of transparent and translucent samples and tissues. Conventional, intensity based OCT, however, does not provide a tissue-specific contrast, causing an ambiguity with image interpretation in several cases. Polarization sensitive (PS) OCT draws advantage from the fact that several materials and tissues can change the light's polarization state, adding an additional contrast channel and providing quantitative information. In this paper, we review basic and advanced methods of PS-OCT and demonstrate its use in selected biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F. de Boer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Authors were listed in alphabetical order and contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Christoph K. Hitzenberger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Authors were listed in alphabetical order and contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Authors were listed in alphabetical order and contributed equally to the manuscript
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Yamanari M, Tsuda S, Kokubun T, Shiga Y, Omodaka K, Aizawa N, Yokoyama Y, Himori N, Kunimatsu-Sanuki S, Maruyama K, Kunikata H, Nakazawa T. Erratum: Estimation of Jones matrix, birefringence and entropy using Cloude-Pottier decomposition in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography: erratum. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4636-4638. [PMID: 27896002 PMCID: PMC5119602 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 3551 in vol. 7, PMID: 27699120.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamanari
- Department of Technological Development, Tomey Corporation, 2-11-33 Noritakeshinmachi, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 451-0051, Japan;
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Taiki Kokubun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoko Aizawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yu Yokoyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shiho Kunimatsu-Sanuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunikata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan;
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