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Luo CH, Vyas S, Huang KY, Chu SW, Luo Y. Multiplane differential saturated excitation microscopy using varifocal lenses. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:953-964. [PMID: 38404334 PMCID: PMC10890851 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Saturated excitation microscopy, which collects nonlinear fluorescence signals generated by saturation, has been proposed to improve three-dimensional spatial resolution. Differential saturated excitation (dSAX) microscopy can further improve the detection efficiency of a nonlinear fluorescence signal. By comparing signals obtained at different saturation levels, high spatial resolution can be achieved in a simple and efficient manner. High-resolution multiplane microscopy is perquisite for volumetric imaging of thick samples. To the best of our knowledge, no reports of multiplane dSAX have been made. Our aim is to obtain multiplane high-resolution optically sectioned images by adapting differential saturated excitation in confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. To perform multiplane dSAX microscopy, a variable focus lens is employed in a telecentric design to achieve focus tunability with constant magnification and contrast throughout the axial scanning range. Multiplane fluorescence imaging of two different types of pollen grains shows improved resolution and contrast. Our system's imaging performance is evaluated using standard targets, and the results are compared with standard confocal microscopy. Using a simple and efficient method, we demonstrate multiplane high-resolution fluorescence imaging. We anticipate that high-spatial resolution combined with high-speed focus tunability with invariant contrast and magnification will be useful in performing 3D imaging of thick biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hao Luo
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sunil Vyas
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yuh Huang
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Luo
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10051, Taiwan
- YongLin Institute of Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10087, Taiwan
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2
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Liu H, Sun G, Li M, Li L, Zhang J, Tai H, Yu D. Temperature effects on axial dispersion in a photopolymer-based holographic lens. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:1475-1482. [PMID: 36821307 DOI: 10.1364/ao.482792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to discover whether temperature has an effect on axial dispersion in a photopolymer-based holographic lens. A typical coaxial holographic lens is recorded in the acrylamide polymer system. The axial dispersion spectrum is read and collected by using a supercontinuum source and spectrometer. The temperature effects on axial dispersion in a photopolymer-based holographic lens are investigated experimentally. With increasing temperature from 23°C to 70°C, the diffraction spectrum shifts, and the axial dispersion is shortened evidently. The peak wavelength of the dispersion spectrum shifts from 629.05 to 612.50 nm with an obvious blueshift of 16.55 nm. The spatial position of the peak wavelength also decreases from around 40 to 22 mm from the material surface. Simultaneously, the position sensitivity of the device reduces from 2.53 to 1.50 nm/mm. The shortening of the effective focal length and reduction of the diffraction intensity indicate that the high temperature above 40°C is a disadvantageous factor for actual use of a holographic lens-based spectral confocal measuring device. In practical application, a constant temperature is a significant means to ensure the measurement accuracy and range.
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Luo Y, Chu CH, Vyas S, Kuo HY, Chia YH, Chen MK, Shi X, Tanaka T, Misawa H, Huang YY, Tsai DP. Varifocal Metalens for Optical Sectioning Fluorescence Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5133-5142. [PMID: 34097419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy with optical sectioning capabilities is extensively utilized in biological research to obtain three-dimensional structural images of volumetric samples. Tunable lenses have been applied in microscopy for axial scanning to acquire multiplane images. However, images acquired by conventional tunable lenses suffer from spherical aberration and distortions. Here, we design, fabricate, and implement a dielectric Moiré metalens for fluorescence imaging. The Moiré metalens consists of two complementary phase metasurfaces, with variable focal length, ranging from ∼10 to ∼125 mm at 532 nm by tuning mutual angles. In addition, a telecentric configuration using the Moiré metalens is designed for high-contrast multiplane fluorescence imaging. The performance of our system is evaluated by optically sectioned images obtained from HiLo illumination of fluorescently labeled beads, as well as ex vivo mice intestine tissue samples. The compact design of the varifocal metalens may find important applications in fluorescence microscopy and endoscopy for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- YongLin Institute of Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Hung Chu
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Innovative Photon Manipulation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sunil Vyas
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Yu Kuo
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hsin Chia
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Mu Ku Chen
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xu Shi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takuo Tanaka
- Innovative Photon Manipulation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Metamaterial Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Misawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yi-You Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
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4
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Shi R, Li Y, Kong L. High-speed volumetric imaging in vivo based on structured illumination microscopy with interleaved reconstruction. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000513. [PMID: 33502121 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wide-field fluorescence microscopy (WFFM) is widely adopted in biomedical studies, due to its high imaging speed over large field-of-views. However, WFFM is susceptible to out-of-focus background. To overcome this problem, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) was proposed as a wide-field, optical-sectioning technique, which needs multiple raw images for image reconstruction and thus has a lower imaging speed. Here we propose SIM with interleaved reconstruction, to make SIM of lossless speed. We apply this method in volumetric imaging of neural network dynamics in brains of zebrafish larva in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Qiao W, Jin R, Luo T, Li Y, Fan G, Luo Q, Yuan J. Single-scan HiLo with line-illumination strategy for optical section imaging of thick tissues. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2373-2383. [PMID: 33996235 PMCID: PMC8086481 DOI: 10.1364/boe.419377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Optical sectioning has been widely employed for inhibiting out-of-focus backgrounds in three-dimensional (3D) imaging of biological samples. However, point scanning imaging or multiple acquisitions for wide-field optical sectioning in epi-illumination microscopy remains time-consuming for large-scale imaging. In this paper, we propose a single-scan optical sectioning method based on the hybrid illumination (HiLo) algorithm with a line-illumination strategy. Our method combines HiLo background inhibition with confocal slit detection. It thereby offers a higher optical sectioning capability than wide-field HiLo and line-confocal imaging without extra modulation and multiple data acquisition. To demonstrate the optical-sectioning capability of our system, we imaged a thin fluorescent plane and different fluorescence-labeled mouse tissue. Our method shows an excellent background inhibition in thick tissue and thus potentially provides an alternative tool for 3D imaging of large-scale biological tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Rui Jin
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Tianpeng Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guoqing Fan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou 215123, China
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6
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Liu Y, Liu H, Wang B, Wei M, Li L, Wang W. Expansion of axial dispersion in a photopolymer-based holographic lens and its improvement for measuring displacement. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:8279-8284. [PMID: 32976413 DOI: 10.1364/ao.401431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coaxial multiple holographic lenses as high-dispersion elements are developed for a spectral confocal displacement measurement device. Wavelength and coaxial spatial multiplexing methods are used to record the holographic lens with two coaxial foci. The expansion of axial spatial dispersion in photopolymer-based multiple holographic lenses has been demonstrated and studied experimentally. The multiple holographic lenses provide a larger spatial dispersion to improve the characteristic parameters for measuring the displacement. Compared to single holographic lenses, the maximum of axial dispersion wavelength difference of the multiple lenses increases from 134.63 to 162.81 nm, and the corresponding measurable range increases from 203 to 385 mm. The axial spatial dispersion conforms to a typical exponential function. The overall spatial position sensitivity of multiple holographic lenses reaches 2.36 mm/nm. In addition, the multiple lenses also decrease the lateral dispersion compared to the single lenses. The multiple lenses can efficiently reduce the transverse measurement error. Finally, the displacement measurement result confirms the improvement of measureable spatial range. The multiple holographic lenses can accelerate the practical application of holographic lens-based optical elements.
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Lin W, Wang D, Meng Y, Chen SC. Multi-focus microscope with HiLo algorithm for fast 3-D fluorescent imaging. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222729. [PMID: 31539402 PMCID: PMC6754165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a new multi-focus microscope (MFM) system based on a phase mask and HiLo algorithm, achieving high-speed (20 volumes per second), high-resolution, low-noise 3-D fluorescent imaging. During imaging, the emissions from the specimen at nine different depths are simultaneously modulated and focused to different regions on a single CCD chip, i.e., the CCD chip is subdivided into nine regions to record images from the different selected depths. Next, HiLo algorithm is applied to remove the background noises and to form clean 3-D images. To visualize larger volumes, the nine layers are scanned axially, realizing fast 3-D imaging. In the imaging experiments, a mouse kidney sample of ~ 60 × 60 × 16 μm3 is visualized with only 10 raw images, demonstrating substantially enhanced resolution and contrast as well as suppressed background noises. The new method will find important applications in 3-D fluorescent imaging, e.g., recording fast dynamic events at multiple depths in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yunlong Meng
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Shih-Chi Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
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Philipp K, Lemke F, Scholz S, Wallrabe U, Wapler MC, Koukourakis N, Czarske JW. Diffraction-limited axial scanning in thick biological tissue with an aberration-correcting adaptive lens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9532. [PMID: 31267005 PMCID: PMC6606592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffraction-limited deep focusing into biological tissue is challenging due to aberrations that lead to a broadening of the focal spot. The diffraction limit can be restored by employing aberration correction for example with a deformable mirror. However, this results in a bulky setup due to the required beam folding. We propose a bi-actuator adaptive lens that simultaneously enables axial scanning and the correction of specimen-induced spherical aberrations with a compact setup. Using the bi-actuator lens in a confocal microscope, we show diffraction-limited axial scanning up to 340 μm deep inside a phantom specimen. The application of this technique to in vivo measurements of zebrafish embryos with reporter-gene-driven fluorescence in a thyroid gland reveals substructures of the thyroid follicles, indicating that the bi-actuator adaptive lens is a meaningful supplement to the existing adaptive optics toolset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Philipp
- Technische Universität Dresden, Laboratory for Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Florian Lemke
- University of Freiburg, Laboratory for Microactuators, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Wallrabe
- University of Freiburg, Laboratory for Microactuators, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias C Wapler
- University of Freiburg, Laboratory for Microactuators, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nektarios Koukourakis
- Technische Universität Dresden, Laboratory for Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen W Czarske
- Technische Universität Dresden, Laboratory for Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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Durst ME, Turcios A, Laurence C, Moskovitz E. Dispersion compensation by a liquid lens (DisCoBALL). APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:428-435. [PMID: 30645323 PMCID: PMC6342488 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present dispersion compensation by a liquid lens (DisCoBALL), which provides tunable group-delay dispersion (GDD) that is high speed, has a large tuning range, and uses off-the-shelf components. GDD compensation is crucial for experiments with ultrashort pulses. With an electrically tunable lens (ETL) at the Fourier plane of a 4f grating pair pulse shaper, the ETL applies a parabolic phase shift in space and therefore a parabolic phase shift to the laser spectrum, i.e., GDD. The GDD can be tuned with a range greater than 2×105 fs2 at a rate of 100 Hz while maintaining stable coupling into a single-mode fiber.
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Wang PH, Singh VR, Wong JM, Sung KB, Luo Y. Non-axial-scanning multifocal confocal microscopy with multiplexed volume holographic gratings. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:346-349. [PMID: 28081109 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Confocal imaging techniques offer an optical sectioning capability to acquire three-dimensional information from various volumetric samples by discriminating the desired in-focus signals from the out-of-focus background. However, confocal, in general, requires a point-by-point scan in both the lateral and axial directions to reconstruct three-dimensional images. In addition, axial scanning in confocal is slower than scanning in lateral directions. In this Letter, a non-axial-scanning multifocal confocal microscope incorporating multiplexed holographic gratings in illumination and dual detection for depth discrimination is presented. Further, we demonstrate the ability of the proposed confocal microscopy to image ex vivo tissue structures simultaneously at different focal depths without mechanical or electro-optic axial scanning.
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